在托福備考中,，提升閱讀理解能力至關(guān)重要,，而選擇合適的閱讀材料則是提高閱讀速度的關(guān)鍵,。本文將為大家介紹一篇關(guān)于孩子成長的背景材料,，希望能助力你們的托福備考,。

托福閱讀背景材料：孩子就應(yīng)該隨意的成長

近年來,，嬰幼兒食品安全問題引發(fā)了廣泛關(guān)注,，如何撫養(yǎng)孩子成為了一個熱門話題。專業(yè)人士建議,，孩子應(yīng)該在自然環(huán)境中自由成長,，以促進其健康發(fā)展。

Many experts suggest using common sense. "We're not saying to children, 'Go play by the dirty riverbank and catch whatever you can,' but there's nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They don't have to live in total sanitation, and they won't die from eating something off the floor. It's probably healthier than being overly cautious."

在蒙古國的一個小農(nóng)場里,，小巴亞爾的床邊有只公雞在踱步,，一只山羊正在喝他的洗澡水，周圍的動物就像他的保姆一樣照顧他,。

相對而言,，生活在高科技東京的瑪麗和在舊金山過著“綠色”生活的海蒂，雖然享受現(xiàn)代便利和衛(wèi)生,，但她們的生活方式與巴亞爾截然不同,。

根據(jù)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，瑪麗和海蒂的健康狀況明顯更佳,。在納米比亞,，每千名兒童中約有42名在五歲前夭折,，而在美國和日本，這一數(shù)字分別為8和4,。

然而,，城市兒童面臨著更高的某些健康風險，包括過敏,、哮喘以及自身免疫疾病,，這些問題在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的孩子中較少見。

Recent research indicates that there might be a way to balance both lifestyles. The "hygiene hypothesis," proposed in 1989, suggests that early exposure to various bacteria and viruses helps develop a child's immune system.

根據(jù)“衛(wèi)生假說”,，早期接觸多種細菌和病毒有助于孩子免疫系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展,。缺乏這種早期接觸可能導(dǎo)致免疫系統(tǒng)紊亂，從而引發(fā)過敏和自身免疫疾病,。

Many microorganisms have co-evolved with humans over millions of years, known as the "old friends" theory. If these microorganisms are eliminated, it disrupts a vital part of human development.

“絕大多數(shù)微生物都是無害的,，只有少數(shù)幾種會引發(fā)致命感染?！泵绹鞅贝髮W的人體生物研究實驗室主任麥克·戴德表示,。

However, dangers exist in muddy waters and animal waste. A report from The Lancet highlighted that nearly 70% of the 8.8 million deaths of children under five in 2008 were due to infectious diseases.

科學家們?nèi)栽谔剿魅绾螀^(qū)分有益微生物和有害微生物。研究表明,，與家庭寵物一起長大的孩子往往過敏和哮喘的發(fā)生率較低,。

Michael Bell, an infectious disease expert at the CDC, emphasizes the importance of proper wound care and regular handwashing. "If you're not washing your hands at least ten times a day, you're probably not doing it enough," he advises.

不過，他補充道,，在大多數(shù)情況下,，普通肥皂和水就足夠了，手部消毒主要適用于醫(yī)院和醫(yī)療工作者,。

總之,，孩子在成長過程中需要適度的挑戰(zhàn)和

Understanding TOEFL Reading Background Knowledge ??

As a TOEFL test taker, you may wonder how important background knowledge is for the reading section. The truth is, having a solid foundation in various topics can significantly enhance your comprehension skills. In this article, we will explore how to effectively utilize background knowledge to improve your TOEFL reading performance.

Why is Background Knowledge Important?

Background knowledge refers to the information and experiences you already possess about a subject. In the context of the TOEFL reading section, it can help you:

• Quickly understand the main ideas of a passage.
• Make inferences and predictions based on the text.
• Recognize the author's tone and purpose.

Types of Topics to Focus On ??

To prepare effectively, consider familiarizing yourself with a variety of subjects that are commonly featured in TOEFL reading passages. Here are some examples:

• History: Familiarize yourself with significant events, figures, and movements.
• Science: Understand basic concepts in biology, chemistry, and physics.
• Social Sciences: Explore psychology, sociology, and economics.
• Literature: Read summaries or analyses of classic works.

How to Build Your Background Knowledge ???

Here are some effective strategies to expand your background knowledge:

• Reading Widely: Engage with different genres and subjects. This can include articles, books, and academic journals.
• Watching Documentaries: Visual learning can reinforce concepts and provide context.
• Participating in Discussions: Join study groups or online forums to discuss various topics with peers.

Practice with Sample Questions ??

To illustrate how background knowledge can aid comprehension, let’s look at a sample TOEFL reading question:

Passage Excerpt: "The Industrial Revolution marked a significant turning point in history, initiating a shift from agrarian economies to industrialized ones."

Question: What was one major outcome of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer Choices:

1. Increased agricultural production
2. Urbanization and factory jobs
3. Decline of trade routes
4. Expansion of monarchies

The correct answer is 2. Urbanization and factory jobs. If you have background knowledge about the Industrial Revolution, you would recognize that this period led to significant changes in job structures and urban development.

New Trends in TOEFL Reading Topics ??

As you prepare, keep an eye out for emerging topics in TOEFL reading materials. Recent trends suggest a growing emphasis on:

• Environmental Issues: Climate change, sustainability, and conservation.
• Technological Advances: The impact of technology on society and economy.

Final Tips for Success ??

To maximize your TOEFL reading score, remember to:

• Practice Regularly: Consistent reading will enhance your speed and comprehension.
• Take Notes: Jot down important points while reading to reinforce understanding.
• Review Incorrect Answers: Analyze mistakes to identify areas for improvement.

By focusing on building your background knowledge, you will not only improve your reading skills but also boost your confidence when tackling the TOEFL exam. Good luck! ??

In today's world, the education of children is a topic that resonates deeply with many parents and educators. The philosophy of child growth and education is essential for fostering an environment where children can thrive. This article aims to share insights on effective educational philosophies that can help guide children through their formative years. ??

1. Holistic Development ??

One of the core principles of child education is holistic development. This approach focuses not only on academic skills but also on emotional, social, and physical growth. Encouraging children to engage in various activities—such as sports, arts, and community service—can significantly contribute to their overall development. By doing so, we prepare them to face real-world challenges with confidence and resilience.

2. Encouraging Critical Thinking ??

Another vital aspect of child education is fostering critical thinking. Instead of simply memorizing facts, children should be encouraged to ask questions and think critically about the information they receive. This can be achieved through discussions, debates, and problem-solving activities. For instance, when discussing a story, ask questions like, "What do you think the character should have done differently?" This not only enhances comprehension but also promotes independent thinking.

3. Creating a Safe Learning Environment ??

A safe and supportive learning environment is crucial for children's growth. Children need to feel secure to express themselves without fear of judgment. Teachers and parents should work together to create a space where mistakes are viewed as opportunities for learning rather than failures. This encourages a growth mindset, which is essential for lifelong learning.

4. Emphasizing Emotional Intelligence ??

Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a significant role in a child's ability to navigate social situations and manage their emotions. Educators should incorporate EI training into the curriculum. Activities like role-playing and group discussions can help children understand and empathize with others. Teaching them to recognize their emotions and those of others fosters better relationships and communication skills.

5. Involving Parents in Education ????????

Parents play a pivotal role in their child's education. Schools should encourage parental involvement through regular communication and participation in school activities. When parents are engaged, children tend to perform better academically and socially. Workshops and seminars can also be organized to educate parents about effective parenting strategies that align with educational goals.

6. Individualized Learning Plans ??

Recognizing that each child is unique, implementing individualized learning plans can greatly enhance educational outcomes. These plans should cater to the child's strengths, interests, and areas for improvement. Regular assessments and feedback can help adjust these plans to ensure that each child receives the support they need to succeed.

7. Integrating Technology Wisely ??

In today's digital age, integrating technology into education is essential. However, it should be done thoughtfully. Teachers can use educational apps and online resources to make learning more engaging. It's important to strike a balance between screen time and traditional learning methods to ensure that children develop a well-rounded skill set.

In conclusion, the philosophy of child growth and education should focus on holistic development, critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and parental involvement. By adopting these principles, we can create a nurturing environment that supports children's growth and prepares them for future success. ??

托福閱讀理解技巧分享

托福考試中的閱讀部分是許多考生感到挑戰(zhàn)的一個環(huán)節(jié),。為了幫助大家更好地應(yīng)對這一部分,，以下是一些實用的閱讀理解技巧，希望能為你的備考提供幫助,。??

1. 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)

在閱讀托福文章時,，首先要注意文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。大多數(shù)托福閱讀文章都有明確的引言,、主體和結(jié)論,。了解這些結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你快速找到關(guān)鍵信息。例如,，Topic Sentence（主題句）通常位于段落的開頭,，它概括了段落的主要內(nèi)容。

2. 擴展詞匯量

豐富的詞匯量是提高閱讀理解能力的基礎(chǔ)。在準備過程中,，可以通過閱讀英文書籍,、報紙和雜志來積累詞匯。建議使用flashcards（記憶卡片）來記憶新單詞,。遇到不認識的單詞時，不要急于查字典,，試著根據(jù)上下文猜測其意思,。??

3. 精讀與略讀結(jié)合

在托福閱讀中，精讀和略讀都是重要的技巧,。對于較長的文章,，建議先進行略讀，快速獲取文章大意和主要觀點,，然后再選擇重點段落進行精讀,。這樣可以在有限的時間內(nèi)有效把握文章內(nèi)容。

4. 練習做題技巧

托福閱讀理解題目通常有多種類型,，如Multiple Choice（多項選擇）,、Sentence Completion（句子填空）等。了解每種題型的解題技巧非常重要,。例如,，在處理多項選擇題時，先閱讀問題,，再回到文章中尋找相關(guān)信息,，這樣可以提高準確率。??

5. 注意細節(jié)與推理

托福閱讀理解不僅考察對文章內(nèi)容的理解,，還包括對細節(jié)的把握和邏輯推理能力,。在閱讀時，要特別注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞（如however,、although等）,，這些詞往往暗示了作者的態(tài)度和文章的重點。此外,，練習推理題也是提升解題能力的關(guān)鍵,。

6. 定期模擬考試

為了適應(yīng)托?？荚嚨墓?jié)奏,，建議定期進行模擬測試。通過模擬考試,，你可以熟悉題型和考試時間安排,，找出自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)并加以改進。可以使用官方的托福練習材料進行模擬,，確保題目的真實性和有效性,。?

7. 參考資料推薦

以下是一些推薦的備考資料，可以幫助你更好地準備托福閱讀：

• The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test
• TOEFL Reading Flashcards
• Practice Tests from ETS

8. 交流與討論

與其他托?？忌涣饕彩且环N有效的學習方式,。加入學習小組，分享各自的閱讀技巧和經(jīng)驗,，可以幫助你獲得新的視角和方法,。參加線上論壇或社交媒體群組，與其他考生互動,，共同進步,。??

希望以上的托福閱讀理解技巧能夠幫助你在備考過程中更加得心應(yīng)手，取得理想的成績,！祝你好運,！??