在托?？荚囍校喿x部分的題材多種多樣,，其中說(shuō)明文是較為常見的一種類型,。由于這些文章通常涉及一些相對(duì)枯燥的內(nèi)容，很多考生對(duì)其練習(xí)不夠,，導(dǎo)致在解題時(shí)思路不夠清晰,。本文將結(jié)合實(shí)例，從文章結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā),，深入分析托福閱讀中的說(shuō)明文,，幫助考生提高解題能力。

Understanding TOEFL Reading Explanatory Texts

通常來(lái)說(shuō),，托福閱讀中的說(shuō)明文會(huì)圍繞某一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行闡述,。文章的第一段通常是引入背景和主題；接下來(lái)的主體段落則結(jié)構(gòu)清晰：主旨句 (Topic Sentence) + 解釋句 (Explanation) + 舉例子 (Examples) + 總結(jié)句 (Summary),。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與我們?cè)诟呖颊Z(yǔ)文中遇到的類似,。以下是一個(gè)實(shí)例分析：

The Roman Army's Impact on Britain (from Official Practice Test Official-19)

After the Roman Empire conquered Britain in the first century A.D., a significant number of troops remained, and their presence had a profound impact on Britain through their camps, fortifications, and involvement in the local economy. To assess the army's influence on the civilian population, it is essential to recognize that soldiers were not evenly distributed across the country. Areas that quickly integrated into the empire experienced less military influence, while regions with stationed troops felt a much greater impact. Establishing a military base required the appropriation of native lands for both fortifications and the resources needed to sustain the soldiers' animals. Furthermore, military rule diminished local leaders' opportunities for participation in governance, leading to social stagnation and discontent. Consequently, the military needed to remain to quell rebellions and maintain order.

在這段話中，第一句明確指出了羅馬軍隊(duì)對(duì)英國(guó)的影響,，這為文章奠定了背景,。接下來(lái)的句子則解釋了士兵分布的不均勻性，并詳細(xì)描述了駐軍對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)的各方面影響,，包括土地征用,、地方治理的削弱以及社會(huì)發(fā)展的受阻。

Economic Influence of the Roman Army

The economic exchange was crucial as the Roman army brought substantial purchasing power. This influx of funds significantly affected the local area, particularly through the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which enhanced access to remote regions.

In the subsequent paragraph, the text emphasizes the economic impact of the army, highlighting its spending power and the resulting improvements in infrastructure.

Each soldier received payment, but in regions lacking a developed economy, there were initially few goods to purchase. Over time, these settlements evolved into small towns, becoming hubs for artisans and traders.

The third paragraph continues to focus on economic themes, explaining how soldiers initially struggled to spend their wages but eventually contributed to the development of local commerce.

The army also offered personal advancement opportunities for auxiliary soldiers recruited from local populations, as they could gain hereditary Roman citizenship upon completing their service. By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons rarely transferred soldiers, making service effectively hereditary, and forts often fell into disrepair.

In this section, the text discusses another significant impact: the ability for local individuals to attain Roman citizenship through military service.

This integration process over generations, along with local recruitment, likely explains the stability of the British northern frontier during the later Roman era. It also clarifies why some forts remained occupied long after Rome lost formal control over Britain in the early fifth century A.D. The conditions that allowed natives to become Romanized also facilitated the emergence of a self-sustaining military community in the frontier region.

最后一段總結(jié)了這一融合過程及其對(duì)北部邊境穩(wěn)定的促進(jìn)作用,。

Conclusion

通過上述實(shí)例分析,，相信大家對(duì)托福閱讀中的說(shuō)明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和解題思路有了更深入的了解。在今后的練習(xí)中,，考生可以進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)說(shuō)明文的認(rèn)識(shí)和解題技巧,，以便在面對(duì)類似的高頻閱讀文章時(shí)能夠輕松應(yīng)對(duì)，確保獲得高分,。

托福閱讀技巧分享

對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備參加托?？荚嚨目忌鷣?lái)說(shuō)，閱讀部分往往是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),。本文將分享一些實(shí)用的托福閱讀技巧,，幫助你提高閱讀理解能力和考試成績(jī)。??

1. 了解閱讀結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀通常包含三個(gè)到四個(gè)段落,，每個(gè)段落圍繞一個(gè)中心思想展開,。在開始閱讀之前，先快速瀏覽題目和選項(xiàng),，這樣可以幫助你在閱讀時(shí)更有針對(duì)性,。??

2. 學(xué)會(huì)劃重點(diǎn)

在閱讀過程中，可以使用不同顏色的筆或高亮工具來(lái)標(biāo)記重要信息,，如關(guān)鍵詞,、主旨句和細(xì)節(jié)。這不僅有助于記憶,，還能在后續(xù)回答問題時(shí)快速找到相關(guān)信息,。???

3. 注意題型

托福閱讀中常見的題型包括：

• Main Idea: 這些題目要求你找出段落或文章的主要思想。
• Detail Questions: 這些題目會(huì)詢問特定細(xì)節(jié),，通常需要你回到文本中查找,。
• Inference Questions: 這些題目要求你根據(jù)文本推斷出未直接表述的信息。
• Vocabulary Questions: 這些題目會(huì)考察你對(duì)詞匯的理解能力,。

4. 練習(xí)時(shí)間管理

托福閱讀部分的時(shí)間非常緊張,，因此合理分配時(shí)間至關(guān)重要。一般建議每篇文章控制在20分鐘內(nèi)完成,，包括閱讀和回答問題,。可以通過模擬考試來(lái)提升自己的時(shí)間管理能力,。?

5. 擴(kuò)展詞匯量

豐富的詞匯量是提高閱讀理解能力的基礎(chǔ),。建議每天學(xué)習(xí)幾個(gè)新單詞，并嘗試在句子中運(yùn)用它們,。此外,，可以參考以下常見的托福詞匯：

• Analyze: 分析
• Contrast: 對(duì)比
• Significant: 重要的
• Consequently: 因此

6. 多做模擬題

通過做模擬題，你可以熟悉托福閱讀的題型和難度,。同時(shí),，也能幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)并加以改善。推薦使用官方的練習(xí)材料,，如TOEFL Practice Online,。??

7. 分析錯(cuò)誤

每次練習(xí)后，務(wù)必分析錯(cuò)誤原因,。無(wú)論是因?yàn)椴欢~匯,、理解偏差還是時(shí)間不足，找出問題所在并進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的練習(xí),，才能有效提高,。??

8. 保持良好心態(tài)

最后，保持積極的心態(tài)也很重要,。托福閱讀雖然具有挑戰(zhàn)性,，但只要堅(jiān)持練習(xí)，相信自己能夠取得進(jìn)步,。??

希望以上技巧能夠幫助你在托福閱讀中取得更好的成績(jī),！祝你備考順利,！??

在準(zhǔn)備托福考試的過程中,，理解和掌握說(shuō)明文的分析方法是至關(guān)重要的,。說(shuō)明文通常用于解釋某個(gè)概念、過程或現(xiàn)象,，因此,，考生需要具備一定的閱讀和分析能力。以下是一些有效的分析方法,，幫助你在托?？荚囍懈玫貞?yīng)對(duì)說(shuō)明文。

1. 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu) ??

說(shuō)明文一般遵循特定的結(jié)構(gòu),，通常包括引言,、主體段落和結(jié)論。引言部分會(huì)介紹主題,，主體段落則詳細(xì)解釋相關(guān)信息,，而結(jié)論則總結(jié)主要觀點(diǎn)。了解這一結(jié)構(gòu),，可以幫助你快速定位信息,，提高閱讀效率。

2. 識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞和信號(hào)詞 ??

在閱讀說(shuō)明文時(shí),，注意關(guān)鍵詞和信號(hào)詞的使用,。這些詞匯能夠指示文章的邏輯關(guān)系，例如“first”, “next”, “finally”等表示順序的詞,，以及“for example”, “in addition”, “however”等表示轉(zhuǎn)折或補(bǔ)充的詞,。通過識(shí)別這些詞，你可以更好地理解作者的意圖,。

3. 提煉主要觀點(diǎn) ??

每一段落通常都會(huì)圍繞一個(gè)中心思想展開,。試著提煉出每段的主要觀點(diǎn)，并將其與整體主題聯(lián)系起來(lái),。這樣不僅有助于記憶,，還能在回答相關(guān)問題時(shí)提供清晰的思路。

4. 注意圖表和例子 ??

說(shuō)明文中常常包含圖表,、例子和數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支持論點(diǎn),。這些信息不僅豐富了內(nèi)容，也為你理解文章提供了必要的背景知識(shí),。在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),，確保你能解釋圖表中的信息以及它們?nèi)绾闻c文本相互關(guān)聯(lián)。

5. 練習(xí)范文分析 ??

通過分析高分范文,，你可以學(xué)習(xí)到有效的寫作技巧和結(jié)構(gòu)安排,。以下是一個(gè)示例題目和參考答案：

題目: Explain the process of photosynthesis.

參考答案: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert sunlight into chemical energy. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight. The process can be divided into two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). In the light-dependent reactions, sunlight is captured and converted into ATP and NADPH. In the Calvin cycle, these energy carriers are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

6. 多做練習(xí)題 ??

參與模擬測(cè)試和練習(xí)題是鞏固分析技能的有效方法,。通過不斷練習(xí)，你可以提高對(duì)說(shuō)明文的理解速度和準(zhǔn)確性,?？梢試L試以下新題：

New Question: Describe the impact of global warming on polar bears.

7. 聽力與閱讀結(jié)合 ????

托福考試不僅包括閱讀部分,，還包括聽力部分。通過同時(shí)練習(xí)這兩個(gè)部分,，可以幫助你更全面地理解說(shuō)明文的內(nèi)容,。嘗試找一些與說(shuō)明文主題相關(guān)的聽力材料，進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,。

8. 討論與分享 ???

與同學(xué)或朋友討論你所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,，可以加深理解。分享你對(duì)說(shuō)明文的分析和見解,，同時(shí)傾聽他人的看法,，這種互動(dòng)不僅能提升你的語(yǔ)言能力，還能擴(kuò)展思維方式,。

總之,，通過以上方法，你可以更有效地分析托?？荚囍械恼f(shuō)明文,。希望這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)軒椭阍诳荚囍腥〉美硐氲某煽?jī)！