托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：冰川形成的文本+真題+答案

托福考試的閱讀部分是每位考生必須重視的環(huán)節(jié),，尤其是通過真題練習(xí)來提升自己的閱讀能力。今天，我們將為大家?guī)硪黄P(guān)于冰川形成的托福閱讀文本,，以及相關(guān)的真題和答案，希望能幫助大家在備考過程中更好地掌握閱讀技巧,。

TOEFL Reading Passage:

Glaciers are massive ice formations on land that indicate past or present movement. They develop through the gradual change of snow into glacier ice. Fresh snowfall consists of loosely packed snowflakes, which are delicate ice crystals formed in the atmosphere. Over time, as the snow remains on the ground for weeks or months, the crystals compress and become denser, transforming into granular snow. As new layers of snow accumulate over older layers, this granular snow compacts further to create firmer, denser snow, typically aged a year or more, with minimal air pockets. Continued burial and slow cementation — a process where crystals interconnect to form solid glacial ice — eventually leads to the creation of solid ice. During this recrystallization, the percentage of air decreases from around 90% in snowflakes to below 20% in glacier ice. This transformation can take just a few years, but often spans ten to twenty years or more. By the time the lower layers turn into ice, the snow can be several meters deep.

In cold glaciers, found in the Earth's coldest regions, the entire ice mass remains below the melting point, with no free water present. In contrast, temperate glaciers exist at the melting point throughout various pressure levels, containing free water either as small droplets or larger pools within or beneath the ice.

A glacier's formation is complete when the ice has thickened enough to generate sufficient pressure for movement, similar to how solid rock deep within the Earth can deform without fracturing. Once this threshold is reached, the ice flows downhill, either as a glacier tongue filling a valley or as a thick ice cap that spreads outward from the central area where the most snow accumulates. This downward journey ultimately results in the melting of the ice.

TOEFL Reading Questions:

1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The effect of glaciers on climate

(B) Damage from glaciers

(C) Glacier formation

(D) The location of glaciers

2. Which of the following will cause density within the glacier to increase?

(A) Increased water and air content

(B) Pressure from the weight of new snow

(C) Long periods of darkness and temperature variations

(D) Movement of the glacier

3. The word "bound" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) covered

(B) chosen

(C) planned

(D) held

4. Which of the following will be lost as a glacier forms?

(A) Air

(B) Pressure

(C) Weight

(D) Rocks

5. According to the passage, which of the following is the LEAST amount of time necessary for glacial ice to form?

(A) several months

(B) several years

(C) at least fifty years

(D) a century

6. The word "converted" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) changed

(B)

托?？荚嚨拈喿x部分是許多考生感到挑戰(zhàn)的一環(huán)。通過分析“托福閱讀真題”,，我們可以更有效地備考,。本文將分享一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧，幫助你在托福閱讀中取得更好的成績,。??

1. 理解題型

托福閱讀通常包括以下幾種題型：

• Detail Questions: 這些問題要求你從文章中找到具體信息,。
• Inference Questions: 這類問題需要你根據(jù)文中的信息進(jìn)行推斷。
• Vocabulary Questions: 要求你理解單詞在特定上下文中的含義,。
• Main Idea Questions: 這些問題測試你對文章中心思想的理解,。

熟悉這些題型可以幫助你在答題時更加高效。??

2. 閱讀策略

在閱讀時,，建議采用以下策略：

• Skimming: 快速瀏覽文章以獲取大意,。這可以幫助你在遇到問題時迅速定位相關(guān)段落。
• Scanning: 針對具體問題,，快速尋找關(guān)鍵詞,。這樣可以節(jié)省時間，提高準(zhǔn)確率,。
• Note-taking: 在閱讀過程中做簡單的筆記,，記錄重要信息和段落主題，有助于后續(xù)回答問題,。

掌握這些技巧,，可以讓你的閱讀更加高效。?

3. 詞匯積累

詞匯是托福閱讀的基礎(chǔ),。以下是一些提升詞匯量的方法：

• Reading Widely: 多讀各種英文材料,，如新聞,、雜志和小說，增加接觸不同詞匯的機(jī)會,。
• Using Flashcards: 制作單詞卡片,，隨時隨地復(fù)習(xí)生詞。
• Contextual Learning: 學(xué)習(xí)新詞時,，注意其在句子中的用法,，這有助于加深理解。

詞匯的積累需要時間,，但這是提高閱讀理解能力的關(guān)鍵,。??

4. 真題解析

通過分析真題，你可以更好地理解出題思路,。以下是一道經(jīng)典的托福閱讀題目：

Passage Text: “The Industrial Revolution marked a significant turning point in history. It began in the late 18th century and continued into the 19th century, leading to profound changes in society.”

Question: What was one of the effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer Choices:

• A) Increase in agricultural jobs
• B) Urbanization
• C) Decline in population
• D) Growth of rural communities

Correct Answer: B) Urbanization

通過這樣的分析,，你可以學(xué)習(xí)如何從文章中提取關(guān)鍵信息。??

5. 模擬練習(xí)

在備考過程中,，模擬考試是必不可少的,。你可以通過以下方式進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

• Timed Practices: 設(shè)置時間限制，模擬真實(shí)考試環(huán)境,。
• Reviewing Mistakes: 每次練習(xí)后,，仔細(xì)分析錯誤的原因，并加以改正,。
• Group Study: 和同學(xué)一起討論閱讀材料,，互相提問，增強(qiáng)理解,。

定期的模擬練習(xí)能夠幫助你提高應(yīng)試能力,。??

希望這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧能夠幫助你在托福閱讀中取得理想的成績。堅(jiān)持努力,，相信自己,，你一定能做到！??

Understanding Glacier Formation for TOEFL Reading

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering reading comprehension is crucial. One topic that often appears in the reading section is glacier formation. This article aims to provide insights into this subject, helping you better prepare for your exam. ??

What Are Glaciers? ??

Glaciers are large masses of ice that form over many years from compacted snow. They are found in polar regions and high mountains. Understanding how glaciers form can enhance your reading skills and comprehension.

The Process of Glacier Formation

1. Accumulation: The first step in glacier formation is the accumulation of snow. When snowfall exceeds melting, the snow begins to pile up. Over time, layers of snow compress under their own weight, turning into firn, which is granular snow. ??

2. Compaction: As more snow accumulates, the lower layers become compacted. This process can take several years. The pressure causes the snowflakes to break apart and bond together, forming a denser ice.

3. Movement: Once the glacier reaches a certain thickness (usually around 50 meters), it begins to move. This movement occurs due to gravity and can lead to the glacier flowing down valleys. The movement contributes to erosion, shaping the landscape. ??

Factors Influencing Glacier Formation

Several factors play a role in the formation and sustainability of glaciers:

• Temperature: Colder temperatures favor snow accumulation, while warmer temperatures can lead to melting.
• Precipitation: Areas with higher snowfall are more likely to develop glaciers.
• Topography: Mountains and valleys can influence how glaciers form and move.

TOEFL Reading Practice: Sample Passage

Here’s a sample passage you might encounter in the TOEFL reading section:

"Glaciers form in regions where the rate of snowfall exceeds the rate of melting. Over many years, layers of snow accumulate and compress into ice. This ice can flow slowly down valleys, carving out the landscapes as it moves." ??

Sample Question

Which of the following best describes the process of glacier formation?

• A) Snow melts rapidly in warm temperatures.
• B) Ice forms from compacted layers of snow over time. ?
• C) Glaciers only exist in polar regions.
• D) Glaciers do not affect the landscape.

Key Vocabulary for Glacier Topics

• Accumulation: The process of gathering or collecting, especially snow.
• Compaction: The process of becoming denser by pressure.
• Firn: Granular snow that is intermediate between snow and glacial ice.
• Erosion: The process by which material is worn away from the earth's surface.

New Topics to Explore

In addition to glacier formation, consider studying:

• The impact of climate change on glaciers.
• Glacial landforms and their significance.
• The role of glaciers in Earth's water cycle.

Listening Practice

While preparing for the TOEFL, practice your listening skills with relevant audio materials. Here’s a sample listening text:

"Glaciers are vital indicators of climate change. Their retreat signifies rising temperatures and changing weather patterns. Understanding glaciers helps scientists predict future environmental shifts." ??

Final Thoughts

By familiarizing yourself with glacier formation and related concepts, you can improve your TOEFL reading skills. Remember to practice regularly and explore various topics. Good luck! ??

對于許多托?？忌鷣碚f,，閱讀部分可能是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)節(jié)之一。為了幫助大家更好地準(zhǔn)備,，我將分享一些實(shí)用的閱讀練習(xí)題及其答案,，希望能為你的備考提供一些幫助！??

一,、閱讀練習(xí)題

以下是一個模擬托福閱讀的練習(xí)題,，請認(rèn)真閱讀并回答問題。

Passage:

The concept of "sustainable development" was introduced in the 1980s and has since gained significant traction. It emphasizes the need for economic growth while ensuring that resources are used responsibly to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This balance is crucial as it addresses environmental concerns while promoting social equity.

Question 1: What is the primary focus of sustainable development?

Choices:

• A. Economic growth only
• B. Environmental conservation only
• C. Balancing economic growth and resource management
• D. Social equity only

Question 2: When was the term "sustainable development" introduced?

• A. 1960s
• B. 1970s
• C. 1980s
• D. 1990s

二、參考答案

Answer to Question 1: C. Balancing economic growth and resource management

Answer to Question 2: C. 1980s

三,、提升閱讀能力的技巧

在準(zhǔn)備托福閱讀時,，有幾個技巧可以幫助你提高能力：

• 1. 擴(kuò)展詞匯量: 每天學(xué)習(xí)新單詞并進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)，可以幫助你理解文章內(nèi)容,。??
• 2. 閱讀不同類型的文章: 包括科學(xué),、歷史、社會學(xué)等,，增加對不同主題的熟悉度,。
• 3. 做筆記: 在閱讀過程中，記錄下重要信息和關(guān)鍵詞,，有助于加深理解,。
• 4. 時間管理: 在練習(xí)時設(shè)定時間限制，模擬真實(shí)考試環(huán)境,，提高應(yīng)試能力,。

四,、新題預(yù)測

根據(jù)近年來的考試趨勢,，以下話題可能會在未來的托福閱讀中出現(xiàn)：

• Climate Change: 文章可能討論氣候變化的影響及解決方案。
• Technological Advances: 探討科技如何改變我們的生活和工作方式,。
• Social Issues: 涉及社會公正,、平等權(quán)利等話題。

五,、聽力與閱讀結(jié)合練習(xí)

為了提高綜合能力,，可以嘗試將聽力與閱讀結(jié)合起來：

Listening Passage: Scientists have been studying the effects of pollution on marine life for decades. Recent studies indicate a decline in fish populations due to toxic waste being dumped into oceans.

Related Reading Question: What impact does pollution have on marine life according to recent studies?

六、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享

通過不斷的練習(xí)和總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),，托福閱讀部分的成績會逐漸提高,。保持積極的態(tài)度，相信自己能夠在考試中取得理想的成績,！??