托福官方真題Official16閱讀長難句資料匯總
1托福官方真題Official16閱讀長難句資料匯總
在備戰(zhàn)托?？荚嚨倪^程中,，閱讀理解部分常常讓考生感到棘手,。為了幫助大家更好地理解和應(yīng)對這一部分，小編特別整理了托福官方真題Official16中的長難句資料,，旨在提升你的閱讀水平與應(yīng)試能力,。
托福官方真題Official16閱讀長難句官方真題Official16：Trade and the Ancient Middle East
1. This has been so since ancient times, partly due to the geology of the area, which is mostly limestone and sandstone, with few deposits of metallic ore and other useful materials. Ancient demands for obsidian (a black volcanic rock useful for making mirrors and tools) led to trade with Armenia to the north, while jade for cutting tools was brought from Turkistan, and the precious stone lapis lazuli was imported from Afghanistan.
2. Records show merchant caravans and trading posts set up by the Sumerians in the surrounding mountains and deserts of Persia and Arabia, where they traded grain for raw materials, such as timber and stones, as well as for metals and gems.
3. In these shops, differences of rank were blurred as artisans and masters labored side by side in the same modest establishment, were usually members of the same guild and religious sect, lived in the same neighborhoods, and often had assumed (or real) kinship relationships.
4. The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading; the government left working people to govern themselves, much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leaders.
5. In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power.
6. As among tribespeople, personal relationships and a careful weighing of character have always been crucial in a mercantile economy with little regulation, where one's word is one's bond and where informal ties of trust cement together an international trade network.
7. Nor have merchants and artisans ever had much tolerance for aristocratic professions of moral superiority, favoring instead an egalitarian ethic of the open market, where steady hard work, the loyalty of one's fellows, and entrepreneurial skill make all the difference.
8. The central state, though often very rich and very populous, was intrinsically fragile, since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the monetary base and erode state power, as occurred when European seafarers circumvented Middle Eastern merchants after Vasco da Gama's voyage around Africa in the late fifteenth century opened up a southern route.
托福官方真題Official16閱讀長難句官方真題Official16：Development of the Periodic Table
1. When the elements known at the time were ordered by increasing atomic mass, it was found that successive elements belonged to different chemical groups and that the order of the groups in this sequence was fixed and repeated itself at regular intervals.
2. Thus when the series of elements was written so as to begin a new horizontal row with each alkali metal, elements of the same groups were automatically assembled in vertical columns in a periodic table of the elements.
3. Because there is no space in the periodic table between these two elements, Mendeleyev suggested that the atomic mass of indium be changed to a completely different value, where it would fill an empty space between cadmium and tin.
4. Ramsay then studied a gas that was present in natural gas deposits and discovered that it was helium, an element whose presence in the Sun had been noted earlier in the spectrum of sunlight but that had not previously been known on Earth.
官方真題Official16：Planets in Our Solar System
1. Also, because the molecular motion of a gas depends on temperature, at the low temperatures of the Jovian planets even the lightest gases are unlikely to acquire the speed needed to escape.
2. The explanation may be that the terrestrial planets were once much larger and richer in these materials but eventually lost them because of these bodies' relative closeness to the Sun, which meant that their temperatures were relatively high.
以上就是小編為大家整理的托福官方真題Official16閱讀長難句資料匯總，希望這些內(nèi)容能夠幫助你在托福閱讀部分取得更好的成績,。預(yù)祝各位考生在考試中取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù),！
2托福閱讀長難句解析
對于許多托福考生來說,，長難句常常是閱讀理解中的一大挑戰(zhàn),。通過對這些句子的分析與拆解，考生可以在閱讀時(shí)更加游刃有余,。今天,，我們將分享一些解析長難句的技巧和經(jīng)驗(yàn),，讓你在備考中更有效率,！??
1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)
首先,，掌握基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是理解長難句的關(guān)鍵。通常,，一個(gè)完整的句子包含主語,、謂語和賓語，但在長難句中,，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)從句和修飾成分,。考生可以通過以下步驟來解析句子：
- 識別主干：找出句子的主語和謂語,。
- 找出修飾成分：注意形容詞,、狀語和定語從句等修飾成分。
- 簡化句子：將復(fù)雜的句子簡化為幾個(gè)簡單句,，幫助理解,。
例如，考慮以下句子：
Although the theory of relativity was initially met with skepticism, it has since become one of the cornerstones of modern physics.
在這個(gè)句子中,，主干是“it has since become one of the cornerstones of modern physics”,，而“Although the theory of relativity was initially met with skepticism”是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。
2. 注意連接詞的作用
連接詞在長難句中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,，它們幫助我們理解句子各部分之間的關(guān)系,。常見的連接詞包括：
- 因果關(guān)系：because, since, therefore
- 對比關(guān)系：although, whereas, however
- 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：moreover, furthermore
例如，在句子中使用“although”表示轉(zhuǎn)折,，可以幫助考生理解句子前后的對比關(guān)系,。
3. 增強(qiáng)詞匯量
長難句中往往會(huì)使用一些學(xué)術(shù)詞匯或較為復(fù)雜的表達(dá)方式，因此擴(kuò)充詞匯量是非常必要的,。建議考生定期進(jìn)行詞匯學(xué)習(xí),，并嘗試將新詞應(yīng)用于自己的寫作和口語中。??
例如,，在閱讀過程中遇到生詞時(shí),，可以記下并查找其同義詞和反義詞，以便更好地理解句子的含義,。
4. 多做練習(xí)
最后,，實(shí)踐是提高的關(guān)鍵。通過不斷的練習(xí),，考生可以逐漸適應(yīng)長難句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法,。建議考生每天進(jìn)行一定量的閱讀訓(xùn)練，可以選擇托福真題或其他學(xué)術(shù)文章進(jìn)行練習(xí),。
例如,，考生可以嘗試解析以下句子：
The discovery of penicillin, which revolutionized medicine, was made by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
在這個(gè)句子中,，主干是“was made by Alexander Fleming in 1928”，而“which revolutionized medicine”則是對“penicillin”的補(bǔ)充說明,。
5. 參考資料推薦
為了幫助考生更好地理解長難句,，以下是一些推薦的參考資料：
- Official TOEFL iBT Tests Volume 1 - 包含真實(shí)考試題目和解析。
- Barron's TOEFL iBT - 提供詳細(xì)的閱讀策略和練習(xí),。
- TOEFL Reading Flashcards - 幫助記憶高頻詞匯和短語,。
希望這些技巧和建議能幫助你在托福閱讀中更好地應(yīng)對長難句的挑戰(zhàn)！加油,！??
