在備考托福的過程中,，提升閱讀理解能力至關(guān)重要,。通過了解一些熱點話題及其相關(guān)研究,，可以幫助考生更好地適應考試內(nèi)容。以下是一篇關(guān)于站著辦公的健康風險的文章,，供考生參考,。

Understanding the Risks of Standing Desks

A recent study published in the International Journal of Epidemiology reveals that simply standing at your desk may not reduce your risk of mortality unless you engage in regular physical activity.

該研究指出，僅僅站著工作并不能降低死亡風險,，除非你有規(guī)律的鍛煉習慣,。

The research examined 5,132 participants from the Whitehall II study over a span of 16 years. Participants were asked to report their total sitting time and the duration spent sitting in four different contexts: at work, watching TV, during leisure activities, and non-TV leisure time. Additionally, researchers monitored participants' daily walking and overall physical activity levels.

這項研究追蹤了來自白廳二級定群的5132名參與者，調(diào)查時間長達16年,。參與者需匯報他們的總坐姿時間,，以及在工作、看電視,、業(yè)余活動和不看電視的業(yè)余活動中各自的坐姿時長,。同時，研究人員也跟蹤了他們每日的步行和運動量,。

After accounting for various factors such as diet and general health, the researchers concluded that the overall risk of death among participants was not affected by the amount of time spent sitting or the context of that sitting. They emphasized that focusing too much on the dangers of sitting could overshadow the importance of promoting physical activity.

在控制飲食和整體健康等多種因素后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)參與者的總體死亡風險與坐著的時間或場合無關(guān),。他們強調(diào),，過于關(guān)注久坐的危害可能會掩蓋鍛煉的重要性。

What makes this study particularly noteworthy is its comprehensive approach, considering all types of sitting and physical activity levels, rather than just focusing on work-related sitting. The findings suggest that “sitting time was not associated with all-cause mortality risk.” This indicates that while sitting may be one factor, physical activity plays a more significant role in health outcomes.

這項研究的一個顯著特點是,，它綜合考慮了各種坐姿和身體活動水平,，而不僅僅關(guān)注工作時的坐姿。研究結(jié)果表明，“久坐與全因死亡率無關(guān)”,，這意味著,，盡管久坐是一個因素，但鍛煉對健康結(jié)果的影響更為顯著,。

So what does this imply for office workers? The trend of standing desks, popularized particularly in tech companies, might not be the health solution many believe it to be if individuals are not also engaging in regular exercise. If you find yourself rarely exercising, standing while working may not provide any additional health benefits.

那么,，這對辦公室工作人員意味著什么呢？如今在科技公司流行的站立式辦公桌,，如果人們不進行規(guī)律的鍛煉,，可能并不是許多人認為的健康解決方案。如果你很少鍛煉,，那么站著工作可能并不會帶來額外的健康益處,。

The last workplace I was in embraced the standing desk trend, installing adjustable desks for all employees, along with a treadmill desk and a bike desk. While having the option to stand can break the monotony of a workday, this research indicates that standing alone is not a panacea for health issues.

我之前工作的地方積極采用了站立式辦公桌，為所有員工安裝了可調(diào)節(jié)高度的桌子,，還有跑步機辦公桌和自行車辦公桌,。雖然站著工作可以打破單調(diào)的工作日，但研究表明,，單靠站立并不是健康問題的靈丹妙藥,。

“Our study overturns current thinking on the health risks of sitting and indicates that the problem lies in the absence of movement rather than the time spent sitting itself,” said Melvyn Hillsdon, the study's author from the University of Exeter. “Any stationary posture where energy expenditure is low may be detrimental to health, whether sitting or standing.”

“我們的研究推翻了當前關(guān)于久坐健康風險的認知，并指出問題在于缺乏運動,，而不是坐的時間本身,，”來自埃克塞特大學的研究作者梅爾文·希爾斯頓表示,?！叭魏戊o態(tài)姿勢，若能量消耗低,，都可能對健康有害,，無論是坐著還是站著?！?/p>

The takeaway here is that companies aiming to improve employee health should invest in initiatives like free fitness classes and gym reimbursements. Encouraging employees to take breaks and move around outside of their desks is essential, rather than merely promoting standing at work. This may also mean that those who advocate exclusively for standing work can reconsider their stance.

因此,，真正想改善員工健康的公司應該投資于免費的健身課程和健身房報銷等項目。鼓勵員工在辦公桌外活動和休息是至關(guān)重要的,，而不是僅僅提倡站著工作,。這也可能意味著那些堅持認為站著工作是唯一解決辦法的人可以重新考慮他們的觀點。

托福閱讀熱點話題語料素材整理介紹：了解站著辦公的真正風險,。希望這篇文章能夠幫助考生在托福閱讀中獲得更好的理解和應對能力,。

托福考試中的閱讀部分是考生必須面對的重要環(huán)節(jié),，而熱點話題的掌握對于提高閱讀理解能力至關(guān)重要,。以下是一些常見的托福閱讀熱點話題,，以及如何有效應對這些話題的經(jīng)驗分享。??

1. Environmental Issues ??

環(huán)境問題是托福閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的話題,?？忌赡軙龅疥P(guān)于氣候變化、污染和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的文章,。在準備時,，建議多閱讀相關(guān)的學術(shù)文章和報告，了解當前的研究趨勢和解決方案,。

Sample Question: What is the main cause of climate change according to the passage?

Vocabulary: sustainability, greenhouse gases, conservation

2. Technology and Society ??

科技與社會的關(guān)系也是一個熱門話題,。考生可能會看到關(guān)于人工智能,、社交媒體對人際關(guān)系影響的文章,。理解科技對社會的正面和負面影響是關(guān)鍵。

Sample Question: How does the author perceive the impact of social media on communication?

Vocabulary: innovation, digital communication, automation

3. Education Systems ??

教育系統(tǒng)的比較和分析經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在托福閱讀中,?？忌赡苄枰容^不同國家的教育模式或討論教育改革的必要性。熟悉各國教育體系的特點將有助于理解文章內(nèi)容,。

Sample Question: What are the key differences between the education systems in the United States and Finland?

Vocabulary: curriculum, pedagogy, assessment

4. Health and Nutrition ??

健康和營養(yǎng)也是托福閱讀的常見話題,。考生可能會接觸到有關(guān)飲食習慣,、運動與健康的研究文章,。了解基本的營養(yǎng)知識和健康生活方式的原則將有助于提高理解能力。

Sample Question: According to the passage, what role does exercise play in maintaining health?

Vocabulary: metabolism, wellness, dietary

5. Cultural Differences ??

文化差異在托福閱讀中也是一個重要話題,?？忌赡軙龅疥P(guān)于不同文化習俗、價值觀念的文章,。理解這些文化背景可以幫助考生更好地把握文章的主旨,。

Sample Question: How does the author illustrate the importance of cultural understanding?

Vocabulary: ethnocentrism, multiculturalism, globalization

為了更好地準備托福閱讀考試，考生可以采取以下策略：

• Read Widely: Diversify your reading materials to include various topics.
• Practice Regularly: Use practice tests to familiarize yourself with question types.
• Build Vocabulary: Create flashcards for new words encountered during reading.
• Summarize Passages: Practice summarizing articles to enhance comprehension.

通過以上的經(jīng)驗分享,，相信考生能夠更有效地應對托福閱讀部分的挑戰(zhàn),，提升自己的閱讀理解能力。祝大家在考試中取得理想的成績,！??

In today's fast-paced world, many individuals find themselves spending a significant portion of their day in an office environment. While offices are designed for productivity, they can also pose various health risks. For TOEFL test takers, understanding these risks is essential not only for personal well-being but also for articulating ideas clearly in essays and speaking tasks. In this article, we will explore some common health risks associated with office work and provide practical tips to mitigate them. ????

1. Sedentary Lifestyle

One of the most prevalent health risks in an office setting is a sedentary lifestyle. Many employees spend hours sitting at their desks, which can lead to numerous health issues such as obesity, heart disease, and musculoskeletal problems. To combat this, consider the following strategies:

• Take regular breaks: Stand up and stretch or walk around every hour. This simple act can significantly improve circulation and reduce stiffness.
• Use a standing desk: If possible, alternate between sitting and standing while working. This can help you stay more active throughout the day.

2. Poor Ergonomics

Another risk factor in office environments is poor ergonomics. Incorrectly positioned furniture and equipment can lead to discomfort and long-term injuries. Here are some tips to ensure your workspace is ergonomic:

• Adjust your chair: Your feet should be flat on the ground, and your knees should be at a 90-degree angle. A chair with good lumbar support is crucial for maintaining proper posture.
• Position your monitor correctly: The top of your screen should be at eye level, and it should be about an arm's length away to reduce strain on your neck and eyes.

3. Indoor Air Quality

The quality of the air in an office can significantly impact health. Poor ventilation and the presence of pollutants can lead to respiratory issues and fatigue. To improve indoor air quality, consider these actions:

• Ensure proper ventilation: Open windows when possible or use air purifiers to reduce airborne toxins.
• Incorporate plants: Indoor plants can help filter the air and increase humidity, creating a healthier work environment.

4. Stress and Mental Health

Office environments can also contribute to stress and mental health challenges. High workloads, tight deadlines, and interpersonal conflicts can take a toll on emotional well-being. Here are some strategies to manage stress:

• Practice mindfulness: Techniques such as meditation or deep-breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels and improve focus.
• Seek support: Don’t hesitate to talk to colleagues or supervisors about workload concerns. Building a supportive network can make a significant difference.

5. Nutrition and Hydration

Lastly, maintaining a balanced diet and staying hydrated is crucial for overall health. Office snacks are often unhealthy, leading to poor nutrition. Consider these tips:

• Prepare healthy snacks: Bring fruits, nuts, or yogurt to work instead of relying on vending machine options.
• Stay hydrated: Keep a water bottle at your desk and aim to drink enough water throughout the day.

In conclusion, being aware of the health risks associated with office work is the first step toward creating a healthier workplace. By implementing these strategies, you can enhance your well-being and productivity. As you prepare for the TOEFL exam, remember that discussing topics like office health risks can showcase your ability to think critically and express ideas clearly. Good luck! ??

Standing Desks: The Pros and Cons

In recent years, the trend of using standing desks has gained popularity, particularly among professionals who spend long hours working at computers. As a TOEFL candidate, understanding this trend can be helpful not only for your writing and speaking sections but also for your overall comprehension of contemporary workplace dynamics. In this article, we will explore the benefits and drawbacks of standing desks, providing insights that may aid you in discussions or essays related to health, productivity, and work environments.

Benefits of Standing Desks ??

• Improved Posture: One of the most cited advantages of standing desks is the potential for better posture. When standing, individuals are less likely to slouch compared to sitting for extended periods. This can lead to fewer back and neck issues over time.
• Increased Energy Levels: Many users report feeling more energized when using a standing desk. This increased energy can enhance focus and productivity, making it easier to tackle tasks efficiently.
• Potential Weight Loss: Standing burns more calories than sitting. Although the difference may not be drastic, over time, this could contribute to weight management. Studies suggest that standing desks may help combat obesity-related issues.
• Enhanced Mood: Some research indicates that standing desks can positively affect mood and reduce feelings of stress and fatigue. A better mood can lead to improved job satisfaction, which is crucial for long-term career success.

Drawbacks of Standing Desks ??

• Fatigue and Discomfort: While standing desks can promote better posture, they can also lead to fatigue and discomfort in the legs and feet. Users may need to alternate between sitting and standing to avoid strain.
• Cost Considerations: Standing desks can be more expensive than traditional desks. For some individuals or organizations, the investment may not seem justified, especially if the benefits are not immediately apparent.
• Adjustment Period: Transitioning from a sitting to a standing desk requires an adjustment period. Some users may find it challenging to adapt, leading to decreased productivity initially.
• Space Limitations: Not all workplaces have the space to accommodate standing desks. This limitation can make it difficult for employees to adopt this trend, especially in smaller offices.

Conclusion

In summary, standing desks offer a range of potential benefits and drawbacks. Whether you choose to adopt a standing desk or not depends on your personal preferences, work habits, and specific needs. As a TOEFL test-taker, consider how you might discuss these points in an essay or conversation. Here are some useful phrases and vocabulary that could help you:

Vocabulary:

• Posture
• Productivity
• Fatigue
• Investment
• Adjustment

Sample Essay Question:

“Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using standing desks in the workplace. Provide your opinion on whether they are beneficial.”

Reference Answer Structure:

• Introduction: Define standing desks and introduce the topic.
• Body Paragraph 1: Discuss the benefits.
• Body Paragraph 2: Discuss the drawbacks.
• Conclusion: Your personal opinion on the matter.

By understanding the pros and cons of standing desks, you can engage in meaningful discussions and write informed essays, enhancing your performance in the TOEFL exam. Good luck! ??