托福閱讀長難句的套路：“牛郎織女隔河對望”。在托?？荚囍?，長難句的出現(xiàn)頻率很高，尤其是在閱讀部分。理解這些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系對于考生來說至關(guān)重要,。本文將為大家解析如何有效識別和理解長難句中的主謂關(guān)系,，幫助考生提高閱讀理解能力。

在正常情況下,，一個句子中的主語和謂語動詞通常是緊挨在一起的,，這是我們最熟悉的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。然而,，在長難句中,，主語和謂語常常被其他成分隔開，就像“牛郎織女隔河對望”,。

示例1：Prior to 1815, western farmers (who did not live on navigable waterways) were connected to them only by dirt roads and mountain trails.

示例2：The process (perceived by these anthropologists) may be summarized briefly.

對于這種句子結(jié)構(gòu),，考生們是否已經(jīng)熟悉了呢？在示例1中,，定語從句打斷了主謂關(guān)系,，而在示例2中，過去分詞短語則造成了同樣的效果,。

那么,，為什么快速識別這些結(jié)構(gòu)如此重要呢？以示例2為例：The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly,。許多考生可能會錯誤地認為“perceived”是謂語動詞,，從而忽略了后面的動詞。

錯誤理解：這個過程感知,，通過這些人類學(xué)家,，可能被簡短地總結(jié)。

正確理解：人類學(xué)家感知的這個過程可能被簡短地總結(jié),。

*總結(jié)：如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析不正確,，往往會導(dǎo)致意思偏差。因此,，第一步必須準確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),。

在示例2中，我們看到有兩個動詞：perceived 和 may be summarized,。判斷哪個是謂語動詞可以通過語法常識來識別,。may be summarized 是情態(tài)動詞加實意動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，而perceived則是過去分詞短語,。

我們再來看幾個例子：

示例3：The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability results in the further loss of vegetation.

分析：動詞caused和results in,，其中caused是caused by its diminished ability，符合done+by+n結(jié)構(gòu),，得出句子結(jié)構(gòu)：The gradual drying of the soil (caused by its diminished ability) results in the further loss of vegetation.

示例4：At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty.

分析：動詞run和found,，其中run是run by steam，滿足done+by+n結(jié)構(gòu)，得出句子結(jié)構(gòu)：At the same time, operators of the first printing presses (run by steam rather than by hand) found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty.

示例5：Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets.

分析：動詞obtained和would increase,，其中obtained是obtained through any of these schemes,，符合done+by+n結(jié)構(gòu)，得出句子結(jié)構(gòu)：Unfortunately, the cost of water (obtained through any of these schemes) would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets.

最后,，我們來看一下過去分詞短語后置修飾常見結(jié)構(gòu)done+by/from+n的原理：

1. The lecture (given by Professor Zhang) is about environment protection.

2. The lecture (which was given by Professor Zhang) is about the environment protection.

過去分詞或過去分詞短語放在名詞后面作后置修飾,，其功能相當于一個定語從句，并不是做謂語動詞,。

托福閱讀長難句的套路：“牛郎織女隔河對望”不僅僅是一個技巧,，更是理解復(fù)雜句子的關(guān)鍵。希望通過本文的解析,，考生能夠更好地掌握長難句的結(jié)構(gòu),，提高閱讀理解能力，為托?？荚囎龊贸浞譁蕚?。

Understanding Long Sentences in TOEFL Reading

As a TOEFL test taker, one of the biggest challenges you may face is long and complex sentences in the reading section. These sentences often contain multiple clauses and can make comprehension difficult. Here are some strategies to help you tackle these challenging structures effectively! ??

Identify Key Components

When you encounter a long sentence, start by identifying its key components: the subject, verb, and object. This will help you grasp the main idea. For example:

“The fact that many species have adapted to their environments suggests that evolution is a continuous process.”

In this sentence, the subject is “the fact,” the verb is “suggests,” and the object is “that evolution is a continuous process.” By breaking it down, you can focus on the core message. ??

Look for Conjunctions

Conjunctions such as “and,” “but,” “although,” and “because” often indicate connections between ideas. Understanding how these ideas relate can clarify the meaning of the sentence. For instance:

“Although the weather was poor, the expedition continued, and they successfully reached the summit.”

Here, “although” introduces a contrasting idea, which is crucial for understanding the overall context. ???

Practice with Sample Sentences

To enhance your skills, practice with sample sentences. Here’s a complex one:

“The discovery of ancient artifacts, which were found buried beneath layers of sediment, has provided invaluable insights into the culture of early civilizations.”

Break it down: The main clause is “The discovery has provided insights,” while the additional information about the artifacts helps enrich your understanding. ??

Use Context Clues

Context clues can be invaluable when deciphering long sentences. Pay attention to surrounding sentences or phrases that may give hints about the meaning. Consider this example:

“Despite the initial skepticism regarding the effectiveness of the new policy, subsequent studies revealed a significant improvement in employee productivity.”

The context indicates that there was doubt initially, but later evidence supports the policy's success. This connection aids comprehension. ??

Expand Your Vocabulary

A strong vocabulary is essential for understanding complex sentences. Make it a habit to learn new words daily, especially those commonly found in academic texts. Use flashcards or apps to reinforce your learning. ??

Practice Regularly

Finally, regular practice is key. Use TOEFL practice materials to expose yourself to various sentence structures. The more you practice, the more comfortable you will become. Aim for at least 30 minutes a day dedicated to reading comprehension. Set specific goals, such as understanding at least five long sentences each session. ?

Conclusion

By employing these strategies, you’ll find that long sentences in the TOEFL reading section become less intimidating. Remember to break them down, look for connections, and practice consistently. Good luck with your preparation! ??

托福閱讀技巧分享

托福閱讀部分對于很多考生來說是一個挑戰(zhàn)，但掌握一些有效的技巧可以幫助你提高分數(shù),。以下是一些實用的托福閱讀技巧,，希望能為你的備考提供幫助！??

1. 了解考試結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀部分通常包含3-4篇文章,，每篇文章約為700字,，總共約為60-80分鐘的答題時間。每篇文章后面會有12-14道題目,，主要測試你的理解能力和分析能力,。

2. 提高詞匯量

豐富的詞匯量是解題的基礎(chǔ),。建議考生每天學(xué)習10-15個新單詞,，并進行復(fù)習?？梢允褂靡恍┰诰€詞匯工具,，比如Quizlet，來幫助記憶,。??

3. 快速瀏覽技巧

在正式閱讀前,，先進行快速瀏覽（skimming）?？焖贋g覽時,，關(guān)注標題、段落首句和結(jié)尾句,，幫助你抓住文章的主旨和結(jié)構(gòu),。這一技巧將使你在實際答題時更有信心。

4. 做筆記

在閱讀過程中，可以適當?shù)刈鲂┕P記,，比如關(guān)鍵詞和重要信息,。這將幫助你在回答問題時快速回憶起相關(guān)內(nèi)容。??

5. 理解題型

托福閱讀中常見的題型包括：

• Main Idea Questions - 這些問題通常詢問文章的主旨,。
• Detail Questions - 需要你找到文章中的具體信息,。
• Inference Questions - 要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出隱含的信息。
• Vocabulary Questions - 測試你對某些單詞的理解,。

熟悉這些題型可以幫助你更有效地應(yīng)對考試,。

6. 時間管理

在考試中，合理的時間管理至關(guān)重要,。建議你每篇文章控制在20分鐘內(nèi)完成,，包括閱讀和答題。為了達到這一目標,，平時練習時也要計時,，培養(yǎng)自己的速度。

7. 模擬考試

參加模擬考試可以幫助你適應(yīng)真實考試的環(huán)境,?？梢酝ㄟ^購買官方的托福練習材料或使用在線資源進行模擬。完成模擬后,，分析錯誤,，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，提升自己的不足之處,。

8. 參考范文

以下是一個典型的托福閱讀題目和答案示例：

Reading Text:

"The significance of bees in our ecosystem cannot be overstated. They are responsible for pollinating a large percentage of the crops we consume daily."

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer: Bees play a crucial role in pollination, affecting our food supply.

9. 保持積極心態(tài)

最后,，保持積極的心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵。即使遇到困難,，也不要氣餒,，相信自己能夠逐步提高。??

希望以上的托福閱讀技巧能夠幫助你在考試中取得理想的成績,！祝你好運,！??

對于許多托福考生而言,，長難句常常是閱讀和聽力部分的一大挑戰(zhàn),。理解這些復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不僅需要詞匯量，還需要一定的語法知識,。以下是一些有效的訓(xùn)練方法,，幫助你提高對長難句的理解能力。??

1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)

首先,，要掌握句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),，包括主語,、謂語和賓語。長難句往往包含多個從句和修飾成分,，理解這些成分的關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵,。可以通過以下步驟進行練習：

• 找出主句和從句,。
• 識別連接詞（如 although, because, which 等）,。
• 分析修飾成分的位置和作用。

例如,，考慮以下句子：

“Although the weather was inclement, the event, which had been planned for months, proceeded as scheduled.”

在這個句子中,，主句是“the event proceeded as scheduled”，而“Although the weather was inclement”和“which had been planned for months”則是兩個不同的從句,。理解這些結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你更快抓住句子的核心意思,。

2. 增強詞匯量

長難句中常常會出現(xiàn)一些較為復(fù)雜的詞匯。增強你的詞匯量有助于提高對句子的理解能力,?？梢酝ㄟ^以下方法來擴展詞匯：

• 每天學(xué)習5-10個新單詞，并嘗試用它們造句,。
• 閱讀英文文章,，尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類或新聞類的內(nèi)容，記錄不認識的單詞,。
• 使用詞匯卡片進行復(fù)習,。

例如，如果你遇到單詞“meticulous”,，可以查閱其意義并造句：“She is meticulous in her work, ensuring that every detail is perfect.” 這樣不僅能記住單詞,，還能理解其用法。

3. 多做模擬題

通過做模擬題來提高對長難句的理解能力是非常有效的,?？梢赃x擇一些托福閱讀和聽力的真題進行練習。在做題時,，注意以下幾點：

• 在每道題目后總結(jié)句子的主要信息,。
• 標記出句子中的關(guān)鍵詞和重要短語,。
• 回顧錯誤的題目,，分析出錯的原因。

例如,，閱讀一段關(guān)于環(huán)境保護的文章時,，可以提取出以下關(guān)鍵信息：

“Governments around the world are implementing policies to combat climate change, which poses a significant threat to biodiversity.”

在這里，關(guān)鍵詞包括“governments,” “policies,” “combat,” 和 “biodiversity”,。通過提取關(guān)鍵詞,，你可以更好地理解句子的核心思想,。

4. 聽力訓(xùn)練

聽力部分同樣會涉及長難句的理解。建議每天進行聽力訓(xùn)練,，特別是針對學(xué)術(shù)類的材料,，如TED演講或BBC新聞。訓(xùn)練時可以采取以下策略：

• 集中注意力,，盡量不看文字,。
• 做筆記，記錄下重要的信息和細節(jié),。
• 重復(fù)聽幾遍,，直到能夠理解大意。

例如,，在聽到以下句子時：

“The research indicates that, despite initial skepticism, renewable energy sources can indeed provide a viable alternative to fossil fuels.”

你可以記錄下“research indicates,” “renewable energy sources,” 和 “viable alternative” 等關(guān)鍵信息,。

5. 定期復(fù)習與鞏固

最后，定期復(fù)習所學(xué)的內(nèi)容和練習是非常重要的,?？梢栽O(shè)定每周的復(fù)習計劃，回顧之前學(xué)過的長難句和相關(guān)詞匯,。利用在線平臺或?qū)W習小組進行討論也是一個不錯的選擇,。??

通過以上方法，相信你會逐漸提高對托福長難句的理解能力,，為考試做好充分準備,！祝你好運！??