托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的套路：“牛郎織女隔河對(duì)望”,。在托福考試中,，長(zhǎng)難句的出現(xiàn)頻率很高,，尤其是在閱讀部分。理解這些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要,。本文將為大家解析如何有效識(shí)別和理解長(zhǎng)難句中的主謂關(guān)系,，幫助考生提高閱讀理解能力。

在正常情況下,，一個(gè)句子中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是緊挨在一起的,，這是我們最熟悉的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。然而,，在長(zhǎng)難句中,，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)常常被其他成分隔開(kāi),，就像“牛郎織女隔河對(duì)望”。

示例1：Prior to 1815, western farmers (who did not live on navigable waterways) were connected to them only by dirt roads and mountain trails.

示例2：The process (perceived by these anthropologists) may be summarized briefly.

對(duì)于這種句子結(jié)構(gòu),，考生們是否已經(jīng)熟悉了呢,？在示例1中,，定語(yǔ)從句打斷了主謂關(guān)系，而在示例2中,，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)則造成了同樣的效果,。

那么,，為什么快速識(shí)別這些結(jié)構(gòu)如此重要呢？以示例2為例：The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly。許多考生可能會(huì)錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為“perceived”是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,，從而忽略了后面的動(dòng)詞,。

錯(cuò)誤理解：這個(gè)過(guò)程感知，通過(guò)這些人類學(xué)家,，可能被簡(jiǎn)短地總結(jié),。

正確理解：人類學(xué)家感知的這個(gè)過(guò)程可能被簡(jiǎn)短地總結(jié)。

*總結(jié)：如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析不正確,，往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致意思偏差。因此,，第一步必須準(zhǔn)確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),。

在示例2中,，我們看到有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞：perceived 和 may be summarized。判斷哪個(gè)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以通過(guò)語(yǔ)法常識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別,。may be summarized 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu),，而perceived則是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),。

我們?cè)賮?lái)看幾個(gè)例子：

示例3：The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability results in the further loss of vegetation.

分析：動(dòng)詞caused和results in，其中caused是caused by its diminished ability,，符合done+by+n結(jié)構(gòu)，得出句子結(jié)構(gòu)：The gradual drying of the soil (caused by its diminished ability) results in the further loss of vegetation.

示例4：At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty.

分析：動(dòng)詞run和found,，其中run是run by steam,，滿足done+by+n結(jié)構(gòu),，得出句子結(jié)構(gòu)：At the same time, operators of the first printing presses (run by steam rather than by hand) found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty.

示例5：Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets.

分析：動(dòng)詞obtained和would increase，其中obtained是obtained through any of these schemes,，符合done+by+n結(jié)構(gòu)，得出句子結(jié)構(gòu)：Unfortunately, the cost of water (obtained through any of these schemes) would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets.

最后,，我們來(lái)看一下過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)后置修飾常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)done+by/from+n的原理：

1. The lecture (given by Professor Zhang) is about environment protection.

2. The lecture (which was given by Professor Zhang) is about the environment protection.

過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)放在名詞后面作后置修飾,，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，并不是做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的套路：“牛郎織女隔河對(duì)望”不僅僅是一個(gè)技巧,，更是理解復(fù)雜句子的關(guān)鍵。希望通過(guò)本文的解析,，考生能夠更好地掌握長(zhǎng)難句的結(jié)構(gòu),，提高閱讀理解能力，為托?？荚囎龊贸浞譁?zhǔn)備,。

Understanding Long Sentences in TOEFL Reading

As a TOEFL test taker, one of the biggest challenges you may face is long and complex sentences in the reading section. These sentences often contain multiple clauses and can make comprehension difficult. Here are some strategies to help you tackle these challenging structures effectively! ??

Identify Key Components

When you encounter a long sentence, start by identifying its key components: the subject, verb, and object. This will help you grasp the main idea. For example:

“The fact that many species have adapted to their environments suggests that evolution is a continuous process.”

In this sentence, the subject is “the fact,” the verb is “suggests,” and the object is “that evolution is a continuous process.” By breaking it down, you can focus on the core message. ??

Look for Conjunctions

Conjunctions such as “and,” “but,” “although,” and “because” often indicate connections between ideas. Understanding how these ideas relate can clarify the meaning of the sentence. For instance:

“Although the weather was poor, the expedition continued, and they successfully reached the summit.”

Here, “although” introduces a contrasting idea, which is crucial for understanding the overall context. ???

Practice with Sample Sentences

To enhance your skills, practice with sample sentences. Here’s a complex one:

“The discovery of ancient artifacts, which were found buried beneath layers of sediment, has provided invaluable insights into the culture of early civilizations.”

Break it down: The main clause is “The discovery has provided insights,” while the additional information about the artifacts helps enrich your understanding. ??

Use Context Clues

Context clues can be invaluable when deciphering long sentences. Pay attention to surrounding sentences or phrases that may give hints about the meaning. Consider this example:

“Despite the initial skepticism regarding the effectiveness of the new policy, subsequent studies revealed a significant improvement in employee productivity.”

The context indicates that there was doubt initially, but later evidence supports the policy's success. This connection aids comprehension. ??

Expand Your Vocabulary

A strong vocabulary is essential for understanding complex sentences. Make it a habit to learn new words daily, especially those commonly found in academic texts. Use flashcards or apps to reinforce your learning. ??

Practice Regularly

Finally, regular practice is key. Use TOEFL practice materials to expose yourself to various sentence structures. The more you practice, the more comfortable you will become. Aim for at least 30 minutes a day dedicated to reading comprehension. Set specific goals, such as understanding at least five long sentences each session. ?

Conclusion

By employing these strategies, you’ll find that long sentences in the TOEFL reading section become less intimidating. Remember to break them down, look for connections, and practice consistently. Good luck with your preparation! ??

托福閱讀技巧分享

托福閱讀部分對(duì)于很多考生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，但掌握一些有效的技巧可以幫助你提高分?jǐn)?shù),。以下是一些實(shí)用的托福閱讀技巧,，希望能為你的備考提供幫助！??

1. 了解考試結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀部分通常包含3-4篇文章,，每篇文章約為700字，總共約為60-80分鐘的答題時(shí)間,。每篇文章后面會(huì)有12-14道題目,，主要測(cè)試你的理解能力和分析能力,。

2. 提高詞匯量

豐富的詞匯量是解題的基礎(chǔ)。建議考生每天學(xué)習(xí)10-15個(gè)新單詞,，并進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),。可以使用一些在線詞匯工具,，比如Quizlet,，來(lái)幫助記憶。??

3. 快速瀏覽技巧

在正式閱讀前，先進(jìn)行快速瀏覽（skimming）,?？焖贋g覽時(shí)，關(guān)注標(biāo)題,、段落首句和結(jié)尾句，幫助你抓住文章的主旨和結(jié)構(gòu),。這一技巧將使你在實(shí)際答題時(shí)更有信心,。

4. 做筆記

在閱讀過(guò)程中，可以適當(dāng)?shù)刈鲂┕P記,，比如關(guān)鍵詞和重要信息,。這將幫助你在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)快速回憶起相關(guān)內(nèi)容。??

5. 理解題型

托福閱讀中常見(jiàn)的題型包括：

• Main Idea Questions - 這些問(wèn)題通常詢問(wèn)文章的主旨,。
• Detail Questions - 需要你找到文章中的具體信息,。
• Inference Questions - 要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出隱含的信息。
• Vocabulary Questions - 測(cè)試你對(duì)某些單詞的理解,。

熟悉這些題型可以幫助你更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)考試。

6. 時(shí)間管理

在考試中,，合理的時(shí)間管理至關(guān)重要,。建議你每篇文章控制在20分鐘內(nèi)完成，包括閱讀和答題,。為了達(dá)到這一目標(biāo),，平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)也要計(jì)時(shí)，培養(yǎng)自己的速度,。

7. 模擬考試

參加模擬考試可以幫助你適應(yīng)真實(shí)考試的環(huán)境?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)購(gòu)買官方的托福練習(xí)材料或使用在線資源進(jìn)行模擬,。完成模擬后，分析錯(cuò)誤,，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提升自己的不足之處,。

8. 參考范文

以下是一個(gè)典型的托福閱讀題目和答案示例：

Reading Text:

"The significance of bees in our ecosystem cannot be overstated. They are responsible for pollinating a large percentage of the crops we consume daily."

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer: Bees play a crucial role in pollination, affecting our food supply.

9. 保持積極心態(tài)

最后,，保持積極的心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵。即使遇到困難，也不要?dú)怵H,，相信自己能夠逐步提高。??

希望以上的托福閱讀技巧能夠幫助你在考試中取得理想的成績(jī),！祝你好運(yùn),！??

對(duì)于許多托?？忌裕?strong>長(zhǎng)難句常常是閱讀和聽(tīng)力部分的一大挑戰(zhàn),。理解這些復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不僅需要詞匯量,，還需要一定的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。以下是一些有效的訓(xùn)練方法,，幫助你提高對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力,。??

1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)

首先,，要掌握句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),，包括主語(yǔ),、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),。長(zhǎng)難句往往包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分，理解這些成分的關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵,。可以通過(guò)以下步驟進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

• 找出主句和從句,。
• 識(shí)別連接詞（如 although, because, which 等）,。
• 分析修飾成分的位置和作用。

例如,，考慮以下句子：

“Although the weather was inclement, the event, which had been planned for months, proceeded as scheduled.”

在這個(gè)句子中,，主句是“the event proceeded as scheduled”，而“Although the weather was inclement”和“which had been planned for months”則是兩個(gè)不同的從句,。理解這些結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你更快抓住句子的核心意思,。

2. 增強(qiáng)詞匯量

長(zhǎng)難句中常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些較為復(fù)雜的詞匯。增強(qiáng)你的詞匯量有助于提高對(duì)句子的理解能力,?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)以下方法來(lái)擴(kuò)展詞匯：

• 每天學(xué)習(xí)5-10個(gè)新單詞，并嘗試用它們?cè)炀洹?/li>

• 閱讀英文文章,，尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類或新聞?lì)惖膬?nèi)容,，記錄不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,。
• 使用詞匯卡片進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。

例如,，如果你遇到單詞“meticulous”,，可以查閱其意義并造句：“She is meticulous in her work, ensuring that every detail is perfect.” 這樣不僅能記住單詞，還能理解其用法,。

3. 多做模擬題

通過(guò)做模擬題來(lái)提高對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力是非常有效的?？梢赃x擇一些托福閱讀和聽(tīng)力的真題進(jìn)行練習(xí),。在做題時(shí)，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

• 在每道題目后總結(jié)句子的主要信息,。
• 標(biāo)記出句子中的關(guān)鍵詞和重要短語(yǔ),。
• 回顧錯(cuò)誤的題目，分析出錯(cuò)的原因,。

例如,，閱讀一段關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的文章時(shí)，可以提取出以下關(guān)鍵信息：

“Governments around the world are implementing policies to combat climate change, which poses a significant threat to biodiversity.”

在這里,，關(guān)鍵詞包括“governments,” “policies,” “combat,” 和 “biodiversity”。通過(guò)提取關(guān)鍵詞,，你可以更好地理解句子的核心思想,。

4. 聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練

聽(tīng)力部分同樣會(huì)涉及長(zhǎng)難句的理解,。建議每天進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練,，特別是針對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)類的材料,，如TED演講或BBC新聞,。訓(xùn)練時(shí)可以采取以下策略：

• 集中注意力,，盡量不看文字,。
• 做筆記，記錄下重要的信息和細(xì)節(jié),。
• 重復(fù)聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆椋钡侥軌蚶斫獯笠狻?/li>

例如,，在聽(tīng)到以下句子時(shí)：

“The research indicates that, despite initial skepticism, renewable energy sources can indeed provide a viable alternative to fossil fuels.”

你可以記錄下“research indicates,” “renewable energy sources,” 和 “viable alternative” 等關(guān)鍵信息,。

5. 定期復(fù)習(xí)與鞏固

最后，定期復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)的內(nèi)容和練習(xí)是非常重要的,?？梢栽O(shè)定每周的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃,，回顧之前學(xué)過(guò)的長(zhǎng)難句和相關(guān)詞匯。利用在線平臺(tái)或?qū)W習(xí)小組進(jìn)行討論也是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇,。??

通過(guò)以上方法,，相信你會(huì)逐漸提高對(duì)托福長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力，為考試做好充分準(zhǔn)備,！祝你好運(yùn)！??