對(duì)于托?？忌鷣?lái)說(shuō)，閱讀部分常常被視為一個(gè)相對(duì)容易得分的科目,。為了提高解題速度和準(zhǔn)確率,，掌握一些實(shí)用技巧至關(guān)重要。其中,，抓住關(guān)鍵詞的技巧就是一種有效的方法,。本文將通過(guò)兩個(gè)托福官方真題實(shí)例，幫助大家理解如何快速抓取關(guān)鍵詞,。

抓取托福閱讀中的關(guān)鍵詞

在閱讀時(shí),，考生應(yīng)關(guān)注兩個(gè)方面：邏輯信號(hào)詞和句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)。我們將以托福官方真題Official25中的文章《The Decline of Venetian Shipping》為例，來(lái)具體探討如何抓取關(guān)鍵詞,。

官方真題Official25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping

Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected

Venetian shipping and trade. First, Venice’s intermediary functions in the

Adriatic Sea, where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties,

were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century, there was little problem

recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars): guilds

(business associations) were required to provide rowers, and through a draft

system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. In the early sixteenth

century, the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys

was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space),

which required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and

greater problem, despite continuous appeal to Venice’s tradition of maritime

greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities

from 1550 to 1590, this did not elicit an increased supply.

在這個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的段落中,，我們要尋找的關(guān)鍵詞包括：first、but,、this等,。這些信號(hào)詞通常指向解題的重要信息點(diǎn)。在做題時(shí),，考生可以特別關(guān)注這些詞匯,。

接下來(lái)，我們來(lái)解析如何理解這些句子中的關(guān)鍵詞,。

每個(gè)段落的首句都非常重要,。

This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian

shipping and trade.

這句話的核心是changes，同時(shí)提到了Venetian shipping and trade,，這表明接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容將圍繞威尼斯船業(yè)和貿(mào)易的變化展開(kāi),。

First, 這顯然標(biāo)志著開(kāi)始討論shipping。

Venice’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea, where it had dominated

the business of shipping for other parties, were lost to direct trading.

簡(jiǎn)化來(lái)看,，這句話的主干是functions were lost,，而lost是關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞，與整篇文章主題decline相對(duì)應(yīng),。接下來(lái)的兩句討論了15世紀(jì)和16世紀(jì)船員招募的問(wèn)題,。

…there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships

propelled by oars): guilds (business associations) were required to provide

rowers, and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called

for.

這句話中有冒號(hào)，前半句there was little problem和后面的the shortage of rowers was not serious形成對(duì)比,，最終轉(zhuǎn)到greater problem,。整個(gè)段落描述了威尼斯船業(yè)在招募船員方面的逐步困難。

除了抓取段落中的關(guān)鍵詞,，考生在閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)時(shí)也應(yīng)尋找關(guān)鍵詞,。某些選項(xiàng)可能較長(zhǎng)，需通過(guò)抓住關(guān)鍵詞如否定詞,、比較詞和并列詞來(lái)快速定位,。以下是另一個(gè)托福官方真題的例子：

官方真題Official25-1 The Surface of Mars

Paragraph 5 As on the Moon, the extent of large impact cratering (i.e.

craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves

as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four

billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in

the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way.

According to paragraph 5, what have scientists been able to determine from

studies of large impact cratering on Mars?

A. Some Martian volcanoes are much older than was once thought.

B. The age of Mars’s surface can vary from area to area.

在備戰(zhàn)托福考試的過(guò)程中,，閱讀部分常常讓考生感到壓力,。為了幫助大家更好地應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀，我將分享一些實(shí)用的技巧和策略,，希望能為你的備考之路提供幫助,。??

1. 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu) ???

托福閱讀文章通常有固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，包括引言,、主體段落和結(jié)論,。了解這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你快速抓住文章的中心思想,。在閱讀時(shí)，注意每一段的主題句,，這通常會(huì)在段落的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾出現(xiàn),。

2. 擴(kuò)展詞匯量 ??

詞匯是閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)。建議考生每天花一定時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)新單詞,，并進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),。使用在線詞匯表或應(yīng)用程序，如Quizlet,，可以幫助你系統(tǒng)地記憶詞匯,。此外，了解同義詞和反義詞也非常重要,，因?yàn)轭}目中可能會(huì)使用不同的表達(dá)方式,。

3. 練習(xí)快速閱讀 ??

托福閱讀時(shí)間緊迫，因此提高閱讀速度至關(guān)重要,?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)定時(shí)閱讀短文并回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題來(lái)進(jìn)行練習(xí)。目標(biāo)是逐漸提高每分鐘閱讀的字?jǐn)?shù),，同時(shí)保持理解能力,。

4. 精讀與泛讀結(jié)合 ??

精讀是指仔細(xì)分析文章的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，而泛讀則是快速獲取大意,。兩者結(jié)合可以幫助你在考試中靈活應(yīng)對(duì),。建議在平時(shí)練習(xí)中，選擇一些學(xué)術(shù)文章進(jìn)行精讀,，同時(shí)也要多做一些快速閱讀的練習(xí),。

5. 熟悉題型 ??

托福閱讀題型主要包括：

• Detail Questions: 這些問(wèn)題要求你找到文章中的具體信息。
• Inference Questions: 需要你根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容推斷出未直接表述的信息,。
• Vocabulary Questions: 測(cè)試你對(duì)某些單詞在特定上下文中的理解,。
• Main Idea Questions: 詢(xún)問(wèn)文章的主旨或作者的觀點(diǎn)。

熟悉這些題型后,，可以更有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí),。

6. 做筆記和標(biāo)記 ??

在閱讀時(shí)，建議用鉛筆在試卷上做簡(jiǎn)單的標(biāo)記,，或者在紙上記下重要信息。這不僅可以幫助你集中注意力,，還能在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)快速找到相關(guān)信息,。

7. 定期模擬考試 ??

參加模擬考試可以幫助你適應(yīng)真實(shí)考試的節(jié)奏和壓力。盡量在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成閱讀部分,，并總結(jié)錯(cuò)題,，分析錯(cuò)誤原因,。這樣可以不斷調(diào)整自己的復(fù)習(xí)策略，提高應(yīng)試能力,。

8. 參考范文 ??

以下是一篇典型的托福閱讀文章示例：

Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Marine Life
Passage: Climate change is causing significant alterations in marine ecosystems. Rising ocean temperatures and acidification are leading to coral bleaching and shifts in fish populations. These changes threaten biodiversity and the livelihoods of communities dependent on fishing.

基于這篇文章,，可能的題目如下：

Question: What is one major effect of climate change mentioned in the passage?
A) Increased fish populations
B) Coral bleaching
C) Improved marine biodiversity
D) Decreased ocean temperatures

正確答案是：B) Coral bleaching。

通過(guò)以上的技巧和方法,，相信你在托福閱讀部分會(huì)更加自信和從容,。祝你備考順利！??

Understanding TOEFL Reading Paragraphs

The TOEFL Reading section can be challenging for many test-takers. It's crucial to develop effective strategies to enhance your comprehension skills. Here are some tips that can help you improve your paragraph understanding in the reading section. ??

1. Familiarize Yourself with Common Topics

The TOEFL reading passages often cover a variety of academic subjects. Some common topics include:

• Science (Biology, Physics)
• Social Science (Psychology, Sociology)
• Humanities (Literature, History)

By reading articles and books on these subjects, you can build your vocabulary and background knowledge, which will aid in comprehension during the test. ??

2. Focus on Main Ideas and Supporting Details

Each paragraph typically contains a main idea followed by supporting details. When reading, try to identify the main idea first. Ask yourself:

• What is the paragraph primarily about?
• What details support this main idea?

This approach will help you grasp the overall message of the passage more effectively. ??

3. Practice Skimming and Scanning

Before diving deep into a passage, practice skimming for the main ideas and scanning for specific information. This technique saves time and enhances your ability to locate key points quickly. For example, if you encounter a question like:

Question: What is the primary purpose of the passage?

Skimming can help you find the answer without getting bogged down in details. ?

4. Take Notes While Reading

As you read, jot down important points or unfamiliar vocabulary. This active engagement can improve retention and understanding. Create a small summary of each paragraph in your own words. Doing so will reinforce your comprehension. ??

5. Review Sample Questions

Familiarize yourself with the types of questions that appear in the TOEFL reading section. Here are some examples:

• Example Question: What can be inferred from the passage about...?
• Example Question: According to the author, which of the following is true about...?

Understanding these question formats will help you approach the reading section with confidence. ??

6. Use Practice Tests

Taking full-length practice tests under timed conditions can simulate the actual exam experience. After completing a test, review your answers, especially the ones you got wrong. This reflection helps identify areas for improvement. ??

7. Build Your Vocabulary

A strong vocabulary is essential for success in the TOEFL reading section. Make it a habit to learn new words daily. Here are a few strategies:

• Keep a vocabulary journal.
• Use flashcards for memorization.
• Read various materials to encounter words in different contexts.

Improving your vocabulary will not only help with reading but also with writing and speaking. ???

8. Stay Calm and Focused

During the exam, it's important to stay calm. If you encounter a difficult paragraph, don't panic. Move on to the next question and come back later if needed. Maintaining focus will enhance your performance overall. ??

By implementing these strategies, you can significantly improve your paragraph understanding in the TOEFL reading section. Remember, consistent practice is key! Good luck with your preparation! ??

托福真題解析：提升你的備考效果

準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨倪^(guò)程中,，真題解析是一個(gè)不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié)。通過(guò)分析真題,，你可以更好地理解考試的結(jié)構(gòu),、常見(jiàn)話題及出題方式，從而提高自己的應(yīng)試能力,。??

一,、了解托福考試結(jié)構(gòu)

托?？荚嚪譃樗膫€(gè)部分：閱讀（Reading）,、聽(tīng)力（Listening）、口語(yǔ)（Speaking）和寫(xiě)作（Writing）,。每個(gè)部分都有其獨(dú)特的挑戰(zhàn)和要求,。因此，全面了解每個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容和形式是非常重要的,。

二,、閱讀部分解析

閱讀部分通常包含三到四篇文章，每篇文章后面有10個(gè)問(wèn)題,。題目類(lèi)型包括細(xì)節(jié)題,、推理題和主旨題等。以下是一個(gè)典型的閱讀題目示例：

Passage: “The Arctic is a unique environment that has been changing rapidly due to climate change.”

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

在分析閱讀材料時(shí),，建議做筆記并標(biāo)記重要信息,。這不僅可以幫助你快速找到答案，還能加深對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解,。

三,、聽(tīng)力部分技巧

聽(tīng)力部分通常包含課堂討論、講座和對(duì)話,?？忌枰诼?tīng)的過(guò)程中抓住關(guān)鍵信息。你可以嘗試以下方法來(lái)提高聽(tīng)力理解能力：

• 多聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)播客或TED演講,，熟悉不同的口音和表達(dá)方式,。
• 在聽(tīng)的同時(shí),，記下關(guān)鍵詞和大意，以便回答問(wèn)題,。

四,、口語(yǔ)部分準(zhǔn)備

口語(yǔ)部分要求考生在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)回答問(wèn)題。練習(xí)時(shí),，可以選擇一些常見(jiàn)話題,，如：

Topic: Describe a memorable event in your life.

在回答時(shí)，注意邏輯清晰和語(yǔ)言流暢,?？梢凿浺艋胤牛瑱z查自己的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,。???

五,、寫(xiě)作部分的提升

寫(xiě)作部分分為獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作和綜合寫(xiě)作?？忌柙?0分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇文章,。以下是一個(gè)寫(xiě)作題目示例：

Prompt: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “It is better to work in a team than to work alone.”

在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，確保有明確的論點(diǎn),，并用具體例子進(jìn)行支持,。此外，合理安排時(shí)間,，留出幾分鐘進(jìn)行修改和校對(duì)也是非常必要的,。

六、模擬考試的重要性

為了熟悉考試的節(jié)奏和壓力,，定期進(jìn)行模擬考試是非常有幫助的,。在模擬考試中，盡量模擬真實(shí)考試環(huán)境,，嚴(yán)格控制時(shí)間,。這樣可以幫助你在正式考試時(shí)更加從容不迫。?

七,、利用資源和工具

市面上有許多托福備考書(shū)籍和在線課程,，考生可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇合適的資源。推薦一些有用的網(wǎng)站和應(yīng)用程序,，如：

• ETS官方學(xué)習(xí)材料
• Quizlet（詞匯練習(xí)）
• TOEFL Practice Online

這些工具可以幫助你更高效地復(fù)習(xí)和掌握考試內(nèi)容,。

總之，通過(guò)對(duì)托福真題的深入解析和針對(duì)性的訓(xùn)練,，考生能夠更好地應(yīng)對(duì)考試挑戰(zhàn),，提升自己的英語(yǔ)水平。祝大家備考順利,，取得理想的成績(jī),！??