托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：哈德遜河學(xué)派的文本+真題+答案

在托?？荚囍?，閱讀部分是一個(gè)重要的組成部分,。為了幫助考生更好地備考，除了掌握必要的詞匯外,，進(jìn)行真題練習(xí)也是至關(guān)重要的,。今天，我們將為大家提供一篇關(guān)于“Hudson River School”的托福閱讀材料以及相關(guān)的真題和答案,，希望能夠幫助到每位考生,。

TOEFL Reading Passage:

The term "Hudson River school" refers to the leading figures of 19th-century North American landscape painting. Initially unrecognized during the peak of the American landscape movement, which began around 1850 and continued until the late 1860s, the Hudson River school gained prominence in the 1870s due to the rivalry between older and younger artists, each vying for their own artistic identity. The older artists, born before 1835, often self-taught, focused on landscape themes and were well-supported by the National Academy of Design. In contrast, younger artists returning from Europe experimented with figural subjects and impressionistic techniques, facing uncertain prospects for patronage at home while seeking recognition in New York. This conflict eventually led to the establishment of the Hudson River school as the dominant label for what had previously been known as the "American," "native," or "New York" school by 1890.

The nickname first appeared around 1879. Although it was not meant to be complimentary, it was fitting. The artists it described worked and socialized in New York, the port city of the Hudson, and frequently painted the river and its surroundings. Crucially, they maintained a technique and composition style reminiscent of Thomas Cole, America's first popular landscape artist, who depicted the Catskill Mountains bordering the Hudson. The term also suggested that many artists lived near the river, which served as a primary route to other favored sketching locations, particularly the Adirondacks and the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire.

TOEFL Reading Questions:

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The National Academy of Design

(B) Paintings that featured the Hudson River

(C) North American landscape paintings

(D) The training of American artists in European academies

2. Before 1870, what was considered the most representative kind of American painting?

(A) Figural painting

(B) Landscape painting

(C) Impressionistic painting

(D) Historical painting

3. The word "struggle" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) connection

(B) distance

(C) communication

(D) competition

4. The word "monopolized" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) alarmed

(B) dominated

(C) repelled

(D) pursued

5. According to the passage, what was the function of the National Academy of Design for the painters born before 1835?

(A) It mediated conflicts between artists.

(B) It supervised the incorporation of new artistic techniques.

(C) It determined which subjects were appropriate.

(D) It supported their growth and development.

6. The word "it" in line 12 refers to

(A) matter

(B) technique

(C) patronage

(D) country

7. The word "factions" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) sides

(B) people

(C) cities

(D) images

8. The word "flattering" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) expressive

(B) serious

(C) complimentary

(D) flashy

9. Where did the younger generation of painters receive its artistic training?

(A) In Europe

(B) In the Adirondacks

(C) In Vermont

(D) In New Hampshire

TOEFL Reading Answers:

BBDBD CACA

通過以上的托福閱讀真題練習(xí)，考生可以更好地理解和掌握閱讀技巧,。希望大家在備考過程中多做練習(xí),，提升自己的閱讀能力，爭取在托?？荚囍腥〉脙?yōu)異的成績,。祝愿每位考生在托福考試中都能獲得理想的分?jǐn)?shù),！

托福閱讀真題解析是每位托?？忌趥淇歼^程中不可或缺的一部分。通過分析真題,，考生不僅可以了解考試的出題方向,，還能提升自己的解題技巧。本文將分享一些有效的策略和經(jīng)驗(yàn),，幫助你更好地應(yīng)對托福閱讀部分,。

1. 理解題型 ??

托福閱讀部分主要包括以下幾種題型：

• Detail Questions: 這些問題要求考生從文章中找到具體信息。
• Inference Questions: 這些問題需要考生根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理,。
• Main Idea Questions: 這些問題關(guān)注文章的主旨,，考生需要理解文章的整體意思。
• Vocabulary Questions: 這些問題測試考生對特定單詞的理解,。

了解這些題型后,，考生可以有針對性地進(jìn)行練習(xí)，提升自己的解題能力,。

2. 精讀與略讀結(jié)合 ??

在托福閱讀中,，考生需要掌握精讀與略讀的技巧。精讀時(shí),，務(wù)必關(guān)注文章的細(xì)節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu),，尤其是段落的主題句和支持句。而略讀則幫助考生快速獲取文章的主旨和大意,。建議考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí),，可以選擇一些托福真題進(jìn)行精讀和略讀的交替練習(xí)，以提高閱讀效率,。

3. 詞匯積累 ??

詞匯是托福閱讀的基礎(chǔ),?？忌鷳?yīng)當(dāng)定期進(jìn)行詞匯的積累，尤其是常見的學(xué)術(shù)詞匯,。例如：

• Analyze: 分析
• Significant: 重要的
• Contrast: 對比
• Illustrate: 說明

建立自己的詞匯本,，并定期復(fù)習(xí)，有助于在閱讀中更快地理解文本,。

4. 時(shí)間管理 ?

托福閱讀部分的時(shí)間限制比較嚴(yán)格,，因此合理的時(shí)間管理至關(guān)重要。建議考生在練習(xí)時(shí),，設(shè)定時(shí)間限制,，盡量在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成閱讀和答題。通常,，考生可以將每篇文章的閱讀時(shí)間控制在3-4分鐘,，而答題時(shí)間控制在1-2分鐘。

5. 模擬考試 ??

參加模擬考試是檢驗(yàn)自己備考效果的重要方式,。在模擬考試中,，考生能夠真實(shí)體驗(yàn)考試的氛圍，并發(fā)現(xiàn)自身的不足之處,。建議考生每周至少進(jìn)行一次完整的托福閱讀模擬考試,，及時(shí)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。

6. 參考答案與解析 ??

在完成真題練習(xí)后,，考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀參考答案和解析,。通過對比自己的答案與參考答案，分析錯(cuò)誤原因,，了解正確答案的邏輯和思路,。這一過程將幫助考生提高解題的準(zhǔn)確性和速度。

示例題目與參考答案

Reading Passage: "The Impact of Climate Change on Marine Life"

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer: The passage discusses how climate change affects marine ecosystems.

7. 常見話題預(yù)測 ??

根據(jù)近年來的考試趨勢,，以下幾個(gè)話題可能會(huì)頻繁出現(xiàn)：

• Environmental Science
• Technology and Society
• Health and Nutrition
• History and Culture

考生在備考時(shí),，可以多關(guān)注這些領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)資料，以便應(yīng)對考試中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,。

通過以上的策略和經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享,，希望能夠幫助各位托福考生在閱讀部分取得更好的成績,。堅(jiān)持練習(xí),，相信你一定能在考試中表現(xiàn)出色！??

Hudson River School and TOEFL Reading Practice

As a TOEFL test-taker, understanding various topics can significantly enhance your reading comprehension skills. One such topic is the Hudson River School, an influential group of American landscape painters in the mid-19th century. ?? Let’s explore this topic while providing some useful tips for your TOEFL reading practice.

What is the Hudson River School?

The Hudson River School refers to a group of American artists who were known for their stunning depictions of the American landscape, particularly the Hudson River Valley. This movement emphasized the beauty of nature and often included themes of romanticism. ?? The artists aimed to evoke emotional responses through their work, showcasing the grandeur of the American wilderness.

Key Artists and Their Impact

Some prominent artists from the Hudson River School include Thomas Cole, Frederic Edwin Church, and Asher B. Durand. Each artist contributed uniquely to the movement:

• Thomas Cole is often considered the founder of the Hudson River School. His works reflect the sublime beauty of nature and often contain moral messages about preservation.
• Frederic Edwin Church was known for his large-scale landscapes that depicted not only the Hudson River Valley but also other parts of the Americas and the Middle East. His painting "The Heart of the Andes" is a prime example of his detailed technique.
• Asher B. Durand focused on capturing the intricate details of nature, emphasizing realism in his landscapes.

TOEFL Reading Practice Tips

When preparing for the TOEFL reading section, consider the following strategies:

1. Familiarize Yourself with Academic Vocabulary: Understanding words related to art and nature will help you grasp the context better. For instance, words like landscape, romanticism, and depict are commonly used in texts about the Hudson River School.
2. Practice Skimming and Scanning: These techniques are essential for managing your time during the test. Skim the passage for the main ideas and scan for specific information related to questions.
3. Summarize Paragraphs: After reading each paragraph, try to summarize its main idea in one or two sentences. This will reinforce your understanding and retention of the information.

Sample Reading Passage

Here’s a brief sample passage you might encounter:

The Hudson River School was characterized by a deep appreciation for the American landscape. Artists sought to convey the beauty and power of nature, often illustrating scenes of mountains, rivers, and forests. Their works played a significant role in shaping America’s cultural identity during the 19th century.

Sample Questions

After reading the passage, you may see questions like:

• What was the primary focus of the Hudson River School artists?
• How did the Hudson River School influence American culture?

Practice Makes Perfect

To further prepare, consider using practice tests available online. Websites such as ETS provide sample questions that mimic the actual TOEFL format. Additionally, try to read articles and books related to art history to expand your vocabulary and comprehension skills. ??

Conclusion

By exploring the Hudson River School, you can not only gain knowledge about an important art movement but also improve your reading skills for the TOEFL exam. Remember to integrate these strategies into your study routine, and you'll likely see improvement in your reading comprehension. Good luck! ??