托福閱讀真題練習：工作時間的文本+真題+答案

在托?？荚囍校喿x部分是評估考生英語理解能力的重要環(huán)節(jié),。本文將為您提供一篇關(guān)于工作時間的閱讀文本,，以及相關(guān)的真題和答案,，幫助您更好地準備托?？荚嚒?/p>

TOEFL Reading Passage:

In the early 20th century, the workweek in the United States gradually decreased from 60 hours to just below 50 hours by the 1930s. In 1914, Henry Ford made a significant change by reducing daily work hours at his automobile factories from 9 to 8. By 1926, he implemented a policy that closed his factories entirely on Saturdays. Although other companies like United States Steel and Westinghouse criticized this decision, it was well-received by workers.

The economic challenges of the 1930s led to the concept of job sharing, which aimed to distribute available work among more people; thus, the workweek fell to a modern low of 35 hours. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 established a maximum workweek of 40 hours, which took effect in 1940. Since then, the standard workweek in the United States has been set at 8 hours a day for 5 days.

However, variations in work hours across different regions indicate that this standard can change. For instance, in 1987, German metalworkers successfully negotiated a 37.5-hour workweek, and in 1990, many British workers achieved a 37-hour week. Japan has also transitioned from a 6-day workweek to a 5-day workweek since 1989, aiming for an annual average of 1,800 work hours per employee. In comparison, the average work hours in Japan in 1989 were 2,088, whereas in the United States, it was 1,957, and in France, it was 1,646.

TOEFL Reading Questions:

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week

(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week

(C) A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industries

(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution

2. Compared to preindustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth century

(A) remained constant

(B) decreased slightly

(C) decreased significantly

(D) increased significantly

3. The word "norm" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) minimum

(B) example

(C) possibility

(D) standard

4. The word "henceforth" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) in the end

(B) for a brief period

(C) from that time on

(D) on occasion

5. The "idea" mentioned in line 15 refers to

(A) the 60-hour workweek

(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles

(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories

(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse

6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the United States during the 1930s?

(A) Several people sometimes shared a single job.

(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.

(C) Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.

(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.

7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?

(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages

(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek

(C) to allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workers

(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek

8. The word "mandated" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) required

(B) recommended

(C) eliminated

(D) considered

9. The word "immutable" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) unmatched

(B) irregular

(C) unnecessary

(D) unchangeable

10. What has been declining since the nineteenth century?

(A) The half-day holiday

(B) Henry Ford

(C) United States Steel and Westinghouse

(D) German metalworkers

11. According to the passage, one goal of the Japanese government is to reduce the average annual amount of work to

(A) 1,646 hours

(B) 1,800 hours

(C) 1,957 hours

(D) 2,088 hours

TOEFL Reading Answers:

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通過以上內(nèi)容,，考生可以更好地理解工作時間的變化及其背后的原因,。這不僅有助于提高閱讀理解能力,，還能為托福考試的成功打下基礎(chǔ),。

托福閱讀真題解析：提升你的閱讀能力

對于準備托?？荚嚨目忌鷣碚f，托福閱讀部分常常是一個挑戰(zhàn),。通過分析真題,，你可以更好地理解考試的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容，從而提高自己的閱讀能力,。本文將為你提供一些實用的解析和技巧,，幫助你在托福閱讀中取得好成績。??

托福閱讀的結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀部分通常包含3至4篇文章,，每篇文章大約有700-800詞,。考生需要在60-80分鐘內(nèi)完成所有問題,。每篇文章后面會有10-14個問題,，主要考察以下幾個方面：

• 主旨大意：文章的主題是什么？
• 細節(jié)理解：文中提到的具體信息是什么,？
• 推理判斷：根據(jù)文中信息,，可以做出什么推論？
• 詞匯理解：某些單詞在文中的具體含義是什么,？

真題解析示例

以下是一個典型的托福閱讀真題示例：

Reading Passage: "The Impact of Climate Change on Polar Bears"

In recent years, the effects of climate change have become increasingly evident, particularly in polar regions. Polar bears, which rely on sea ice for hunting seals, are facing significant challenges due to melting ice. As temperatures rise, the ice melts earlier in the spring and freezes later in the autumn, reducing the time polar bears have to hunt. This has led to a decline in their populations and raises concerns about their long-term survival.

Questions:

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

2. According to the passage, how does climate change affect polar bears?

3. What can be inferred about the future of polar bears if climate change continues?

常見難點及應對策略

在備考過程中,，考生可能會遇到一些難點，例如：

• 生僻詞匯：遇到不熟悉的單詞時，不要慌張,。通過上下文推測詞義是一個有效的方法,。記住，考生并不需要知道每一個詞的意思,。
• 長句理解：托福閱讀中常出現(xiàn)的復雜句子可能會讓人感到困惑,。建議考生分解句子，識別主語,、謂語和賓語,，幫助理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
• 時間管理：合理分配閱讀和回答問題的時間,?？梢韵瓤焖贋g覽問題，然后再回到文章中尋找答案,，這樣可以提高效率,。

推薦練習資源

為了提高你的閱讀能力，建議使用以下資源進行練習：

• Official TOEFL iBT Tests - 這些是真正的托?？荚囌骖},，能夠幫助你了解考試的真實情況。
• ETS TOEFL Prep Online - 提供在線練習題和模擬測試,，適合考生進行自我評估,。
• Reading comprehension books - 選擇一些專門針對托福閱讀的書籍，進行系統(tǒng)學習,。

總結(jié)

通過對托福閱讀真題的解析,，考生可以更清晰地了解考試的要求和技巧。不斷的練習和總結(jié)經(jīng)驗,，將有助于你在托福閱讀部分取得更好的成績,。記住，閱讀是一項技能,，只有通過不斷的練習才能逐步提高,。祝你在托福考試中取得優(yōu)異的成績,！??

托福閱讀練習的重要性

作為托?？忌?strong>閱讀理解是你需要重點關(guān)注的部分之一,。托福閱讀部分通常包含三到四篇學術(shù)文章,，每篇文章后面會有10個問題。為了幫助你更好地準備考試,，下面我們將分享一些有效的閱讀練習題及答案,，幫助你提升閱讀能力。??

練習題示例

以下是一個典型的托福閱讀練習題：

Passage: The concept of sustainability has gained significant attention in recent years. It refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This idea encompasses environmental, economic, and social dimensions.

Question 1: What does the term "sustainability" primarily refer to?

• A) Meeting current needs only
• B) Future economic growth
• C) Balancing present and future needs
• D) Environmental conservation

Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a dimension of sustainability mentioned in the passage?

• A) Environmental
• B) Economic
• C) Technological
• D) Social

參考答案

Answer 1: C) Balancing present and future needs

Answer 2: C) Technological

提升閱讀技巧的建議

為了在托福閱讀部分取得好成績，考生可以采取以下幾種策略：

• 擴大詞匯量: 詞匯是理解文章的基礎(chǔ),。每天學習新單詞,，并嘗試將其運用到句子中。
• 精讀與泛讀結(jié)合: 精讀可以幫助你深入理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)和細節(jié),，而泛讀則能提高你的閱讀速度和整體理解能力。
• 做筆記: 閱讀時做簡單的筆記,，可以幫助你理清思路,，尤其是在處理長篇文章時。
• 定期進行模擬測試: 模擬真實考試環(huán)境,，定時完成閱讀題目,，以提高應試能力。

新題預測

根據(jù)近年來的考試趨勢,，以下話題可能會出現(xiàn)在未來的托福閱讀部分：

• Climate Change and its Impact
• The Role of Technology in Education
• Historical Events and Their Influence on Modern Society

聽力與閱讀的結(jié)合

托?？荚嚥粌H包括閱讀部分，還有聽力部分,。你可以通過以下方法將這兩部分結(jié)合起來,，提高整體水平：

• 聽相關(guān)主題的講座或演講: 選擇與托福閱讀材料相似的主題進行聽力練習。
• 總結(jié)聽到的內(nèi)容: 聽完后嘗試用自己的話總結(jié),，幫助鞏固理解,。

最后的提醒

備考托福閱讀時，保持積極的心態(tài)非常重要,。每次練習都是一次進步的機會,。堅持不懈，努力提升自己的閱讀能力,，你一定能夠在考試中取得理想的成績,！??