在社會經(jīng)濟學(xué)中，一個不爭的事實是,，富裕的人往往享有更健康的生活和更長的壽命,。最近的科學(xué)研究進一步揭示了財富與壽命之間的聯(lián)系，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種特定的激素,，這種激素可能是這個現(xiàn)象的關(guān)鍵,。

The hormone in question is called DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), which is a natural steroid produced by the brain, adrenal glands, and sexual organs. Research indicates that individuals with elevated levels of DHEAS are more likely to engage in regular exercise, pursue hobbies, and maintain close relationships with family and friends. Consequently, they also tend to have longer lifespans.

Researchers from University College London conducted an extensive study on individuals over the age of 50 as part of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Their findings revealed that wealthier participants exhibited higher levels of DHEAS compared to their less affluent counterparts.

Furthermore, the researchers identified a second hormone known as IGF-I (Insulin-like Growth Factor I), which also shows higher levels in wealthier individuals. Both hormones play a crucial role in regulating bodily functions and managing stress responses.

'A significant discovery from our research is that DHEAS, which is linked to life expectancy, reflects a social gradient: lower wealth corresponds to lower DHEAS levels,' stated Professor Michael Marmot from the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health.

The implications of this research suggest that wealth provides individuals with the means to eat healthily, exercise regularly, and enjoy leisure activities while fostering stronger familial and social connections.

For some, this may reinforce the idea that money dictates destiny. The rich appear to not only excel financially but also enjoy a considerable advantage in terms of longevity.

However, this report could serve as encouraging news for both the wealthy and the less fortunate. If future advancements allow for the artificial production of DHEAS—and if its anti-aging properties are validated—it may become accessible to a broader population.

Moreover, individuals may be able to enhance their own DHEAS levels regardless of their financial status by adopting healthier lifestyles, such as increasing physical activity, nurturing friendships, and exploring new hobbies. It’s worth noting that DHEAS production peaks during childhood and adolescence and gradually declines thereafter.

Of course, dedicating time to these pursuits might not lead to wealth.

Do you believe that greater wealth contributes to a longer life?

通過以上內(nèi)容，托?？忌梢栽趥淇歼^程中積累有用的詞匯和句型，為口語和寫作提供素材,。希望大家在復(fù)習(xí)過程中取得優(yōu)異成績,，順利通過托福考試,！

托福（TOEFL）考試是許多非英語國家學(xué)生通往國際學(xué)術(shù)世界的重要橋梁,。在托福考試中,，閱讀部分占據(jù)了很大的比重,。為了幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對托福閱讀,，本文將分享一些關(guān)于“托福閱讀背景知識”的經(jīng)驗和技巧。??

一,、了解托福閱讀的結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀部分通常包含3到4篇文章,，每篇文章大約700字，后面會有10個問題,。這些文章涉及不同的話題,，包括自然科學(xué)、社會科學(xué),、藝術(shù)等,。熟悉這些結(jié)構(gòu)將幫助你在考試時更有效地管理時間。?

二,、掌握常見的閱讀題型

在托福閱讀中,，主要有以下幾種題型：

• 主旨大意題（Main Idea Questions）：要求考生理解文章的核心思想。
• 細節(jié)題（Detail Questions）：關(guān)注文章中的具體信息,。
• 推理題（Inference Questions）：需要考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進行推斷,。
• 詞匯題（Vocabulary Questions）：考察對特定單詞或短語的理解。
• 段落功能題（Paragraph Function Questions）：分析某段文字在整篇文章中的作用,。

通過練習(xí)這些題型,，考生可以提高自己的解題能力。??

三,、提高背景知識的重要性

托福閱讀的文章內(nèi)容往往涉及一些特定的背景知識,。了解相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的基本概念和術(shù)語，可以幫助考生更快地理解文章,。例如,，如果你對生態(tài)學(xué)有一定的了解，那么在閱讀關(guān)于環(huán)境保護的文章時,，你會感到更加輕松,。??

四、擴展詞匯量

豐富的詞匯量不僅能幫助你理解文章內(nèi)容,，還能提高解答詞匯題的準確性,。建議考生每天學(xué)習(xí)新單詞，并嘗試將其應(yīng)用于句子中,。使用記憶卡片（flashcards）也是一個不錯的選擇,。??

五,、提高閱讀速度

托福閱讀要求考生在有限的時間內(nèi)完成大量的閱讀,，因此提高閱讀速度至關(guān)重要?？梢酝ㄟ^以下方法來提升你的閱讀速度：

• 定時進行閱讀練習(xí)，逐步縮短閱讀時間,。
• 關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞而不是每個單詞,，以抓住文章的主要意思。
• 多進行不同類型的閱讀練習(xí),，如新聞,、學(xué)術(shù)論文等。

這些方法將幫助你在考試時更從容不迫,。??

六,、模擬考試訓(xùn)練

參加模擬考試可以幫助考生適應(yīng)真實考試的節(jié)奏和壓力?？梢岳镁W(wǎng)上的托福模擬考試資源,，或者參加培訓(xùn)班進行系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練。在模擬考試中,，注意記錄自己的錯誤,，并分析原因，以便在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中加以改正,。??

七,、保持良好的心理狀態(tài)

最后，考生在備考過程中要保持積極的心態(tài),。適度的休息和放松可以幫助你更好地應(yīng)對壓力,。可以嘗試冥想,、運動或與朋友交流,，保持身心健康。??

通過以上幾點經(jīng)驗分享,，希望能夠幫助托?？忌陂喿x部分取得更好的成績。只要堅持努力,，相信你一定能在托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氲姆謹?shù)！??

Introduction

There is a common belief that wealthy individuals tend to live longer than those with fewer financial resources. This observation raises an intriguing question: what are the reasons behind this trend? In this article, we will explore several factors that contribute to the longer lifespans of affluent people, providing insights that may be useful for TOEFL candidates preparing for their exams. ??

Access to Quality Healthcare

One of the most significant advantages of wealth is the ability to access high-quality healthcare. Wealthy individuals can afford regular check-ups, advanced medical treatments, and preventive care, which are crucial for maintaining good health. For instance, they are more likely to have health insurance that covers a wide range of services, including specialist consultations and surgeries. This proactive approach to health can lead to early detection of diseases and better management of chronic conditions. ??

Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Affluent individuals often have the means to make healthier lifestyle choices. They can afford nutritious food, gym memberships, and wellness programs that promote physical fitness. A balanced diet and regular exercise are essential for reducing the risk of obesity, heart disease, and other health issues. Moreover, wealth allows for leisure activities that reduce stress, such as traveling or engaging in hobbies, contributing to overall well-being. ??????♂?

Better Living Conditions

Wealth also provides better living conditions, which can significantly impact health. Individuals with higher incomes often reside in safer neighborhoods with lower crime rates, cleaner environments, and access to parks and recreational areas. These factors contribute to a healthier lifestyle and reduced stress levels. Additionally, well-maintained homes with proper sanitation and heating can prevent health problems related to poor living conditions. ????

Education and Awareness

Education plays a crucial role in health awareness and decision-making. Wealthy individuals typically have access to better education, which equips them with knowledge about health and wellness. They are more likely to understand the importance of regular health screenings, vaccinations, and healthy habits. This awareness enables them to make informed choices that positively affect their health and longevity. ????

Social Connections and Support

Another factor contributing to the longevity of wealthy individuals is their social connections. They often have robust support networks, including family, friends, and community resources, which can provide emotional and practical assistance during challenging times. Strong social ties are linked to reduced stress and improved mental health, both of which are essential for a longer life. ????

Conclusion

In conclusion, several factors contribute to the longer lifespans of wealthy individuals. Access to quality healthcare, healthy lifestyle choices, better living conditions, education, and strong social connections all play vital roles in promoting health and longevity. Understanding these elements can provide valuable insights for TOEFL candidates, helping them appreciate the complexities of health and wealth in society. ??

托福閱讀理解技巧分享

對于每位托?？忌鷣碚f,，閱讀理解是一個不可忽視的重要部分。掌握一些有效的閱讀技巧,，不僅能幫助你提高分數(shù),，還能讓你在考試中更加從容自信。以下是一些實用的技巧,，希望對你有所幫助！??

1. 熟悉題型

托福閱讀部分通常包含以下幾種題型：

• Main Idea Questions
• Detail Questions
• Inference Questions
• Vocabulary Questions

了解這些題型的特點，可以幫助你更快速地找到答案,。例如,，對于Main Idea Questions，你需要關(guān)注文章的主題句,，而對于Detail Questions,，則要仔細查找文章中的具體信息。??

2. 有效的時間管理

在托?？荚囍?，時間是非常寶貴的。建議你在閱讀每篇文章時,，控制在20分鐘左右完成,。可以通過以下方式來提高效率：

• 快速瀏覽：先快速瀏覽文章,，了解大意和結(jié)構(gòu),。
• 劃分段落：注意每一段的主題句，幫助抓住主要信息,。

例如,，在一篇關(guān)于“Climate Change”的文章中，第一段可能會介紹氣候變化的定義,，而后面的段落則會討論其影響和解決方案,。??

3. 做好筆記

在閱讀過程中，可以隨時做一些簡單的筆記,，記錄下重要的信息和自己的理解,。這不僅能幫助你加深對文章的理解，還有助于回答問題時更快找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容,。??

4. 理解上下文

在遇到不熟悉的單詞時,，不要驚慌。嘗試通過上下文來推測其意義,。例如,，如果文章提到“The scientist conducted an experiment to test the hypothesis,” 你可以推測“experiment”與“hypothesis”有關(guān)聯(lián)，可能是科學(xué)實驗的意思,。??

5. 練習(xí)真題

多做一些托福閱讀的真題,，能夠幫助你熟悉考試形式和題目類型?？梢試L試以下題目：

Sample Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer Choices:

• A) The history of climate change.
• B) The impact of climate change on biodiversity.
• C) Solutions to combat climate change.
• D) The importance of renewable energy sources.

通過這樣的練習(xí),，可以幫助你提高解題能力。??

6. 參加模擬考試

在臨近考試時,，參加一些模擬考試可以幫助你適應(yīng)考試節(jié)奏,，并發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。確保模擬考試的環(huán)境和真實考試相似，這樣能更好地調(diào)整心態(tài),。??

7. 保持良好的心態(tài)

最后,，保持積極的心態(tài)是非常重要的。無論遇到什么困難,，都要相信自己能夠克服,。記住，閱讀理解不僅僅是技術(shù)問題,，也是思維方式的訓(xùn)練,。??

希望以上的技巧能夠幫助你在托福閱讀部分取得理想的成績！祝你好運,！??