托福閱讀真題練習：神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的文本+真題+答案

對于準備托福考試的考生來說,，進行大量的閱讀練習是非常重要的,。尤其是托福閱讀真題的練習，可以幫助考生熟悉考試的題型和內(nèi)容,。今天,，我們?yōu)榇蠹艺砹艘黄P(guān)于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的托福閱讀材料，包括文本,、題目以及參考答案,，希望對大家的備考有所幫助。

TOEFL Reading Passage:

The nervous system in vertebrates features a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that culminates in the brain at the head region. Even in its most basic form, this nerve cord and its associated nerves represent evolutionary advancements, and the transition from simpler to more complex vertebrates is still not entirely understood. Nonetheless, the fundamental structures are consistent among all vertebrates, and examining lower species offers valuable insights into the anatomy of higher animals' nervous systems. Additionally, studying the embryological development of the nervous system is crucial for comprehending adult forms.

In vertebrates, two primary components of the nervous system can be identified. These include the central nervous system (the aforementioned nerve cord), which comprises the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves, along with their motor and sensory endings. The "autonomic nervous system" refers to aspects of both the central and peripheral systems that manage and influence the functions of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and numerous glands.

The nervous system contains millions of nerve and glial cells, along with blood vessels and minimal connective tissue. Nerve cells, known as "neurons," possess multiple processes and are specialized for exhibiting irritability and conductivity. The glial cells within the central nervous system are collectively referred to as "neuroglia," characterized by short processes that interact with neurons, blood vessels, and connective tissue. In the peripheral nervous system, the equivalent cells are called "neurilemmal" cells.

TOEFL Reading Questions:

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The parts of a neuron

(B) The structure of animals' nerve

(C) The nervous system of vertebrates

(D) The development of the brain

2. According to the passage, the nerve cord of vertebrates is

(A) large

(B) hollow

(C) primitive

(D) embryological

3. The author implies that a careful investigation of a biological structure in an embryo may

(A) Improve research of the same structure in other species

(B) A better understanding of the fully developed structure

(C) Discover ways in which poor development can be corrected

(D) A method by which scientists can document the various stages of development

4. The two main parts of the central nervous system are the brain and the

(A) sensory endings

(B) cranial nerve

(C) spinal cord

(D) peripheral nerves

5. All of the following are described as being controlled by the autonomic nervous system EXCEPT

(A) connective tissue

(B) cardiac muscle

(C) glandular activity

(D) smooth muscle

6. In what lines does the author identify certain characteristics of nerve cells?

(A) lines 1-2

(B) lines 9-12

(C) lines 12-14

(D) lines 16-18

TOEFL Reading Answers:

CBBCAD

通過上述的托福閱讀真題練習,，考生可以更好地理解神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及其功能,。希望這些材料能幫助你在托福閱讀部分取得更高的分數(shù)。預祝大家在考試中取得優(yōu)異的成績,！

托?？荚囀窃S多非英語國家學生追求留學夢想的重要一步,。在托福考試中,，閱讀部分常常讓考生感到困惑和壓力,。本文將為您提供一些關(guān)于“托福閱讀真題解析”的經(jīng)驗分享，希望能幫助您更好地備考,。??

一,、了解托福閱讀的結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀部分通常包含3-4篇文章，每篇文章大約700字左右,，后面附有10-14道題目,。文章內(nèi)容涵蓋科學、人文,、社會等多個領(lǐng)域,。因此，考生需要具備廣泛的知識背景和良好的閱讀理解能力,。

二,、重視真題練習

使用托福真題進行練習是提升閱讀能力的有效方法。通過分析真題,，考生可以了解出題的方式和常見的考點,。比如，在某些真題中,，文章可能會涉及到“cause and effect” (因果關(guān)系)或“comparison and contrast” (比較與對比)的結(jié)構(gòu),，考生在解題時需要特別注意這些邏輯關(guān)系。??

三,、掌握高頻詞匯

托福閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些高頻詞匯,，如“analyze” (分析)、“interpret” (解釋),、“significant” (重要的)等,。考生應(yīng)當提前準備并熟悉這些詞匯,，以提高閱讀速度和理解力,。此外，建議利用詞匯卡片或應(yīng)用程序進行記憶,。??

四,、提高閱讀速度

在托福考試中,，時間管理至關(guān)重要,?？忌梢酝ㄟ^定時閱讀練習來提高自己的閱讀速度,。例如,，可以選擇一篇文章，在20分鐘內(nèi)完成閱讀并回答問題,。隨著練習的增多,，您會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的速度和理解能力都有所提升。

五,、分析題目類型

托福閱讀題目主要分為以下幾類：

• Main Idea Questions (主旨大意題): 這些題目要求考生找出文章的中心思想,。
• Detail Questions (細節(jié)題): 這些題目關(guān)注文章中的具體信息。
• Inference Questions (推理題): 考生需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出合理推測,。
• Vocabulary Questions (詞匯題): 這些題目考查考生對特定單詞含義的理解,。

了解不同題型的特點，有助于考生在解題時采用相應(yīng)的策略,。??

六,、模擬考試環(huán)境

在備考過程中，建議考生進行模擬考試,，以適應(yīng)真實考試的氛圍,。這可以幫助您了解自己的時間分配情況，并找到在壓力下保持冷靜的方法,?？梢匝埮笥岩黄饏⒓幽M考試，相互交流和討論答案,。??

七,、借助在線資源

如今，有許多在線平臺提供免費的托福閱讀練習和解析,。例如,，考生可以訪問ETS官網(wǎng)，獲取官方樣題和評分標準,。此外,，一些教育機構(gòu)也提供在線課程，幫助考生系統(tǒng)地提高閱讀能力,。

八,、總結(jié)常見錯誤

在復習過程中，考生應(yīng)記錄自己在真題練習中常犯的錯誤,，并分析原因,。比如，有些考生可能在細節(jié)題上失分,，原因可能是沒有認真閱讀文章或是對題干理解不清,。通過反思和總結(jié)，考生可以避免在正式考試中重蹈覆轍,。

通過以上的經(jīng)驗分享,，希望能夠幫助您在托福閱讀部分取得更好的成績,。記住，持續(xù)的練習和合理的備考策略是成功的關(guān)鍵,。祝您備考順利,！??

TOEFL Reading Practice on the Nervous System

As a TOEFL candidate, mastering the reading section can significantly impact your overall score. One of the topics you might encounter is the Nervous System. In this article, I will share some effective strategies and tips to help you excel in this area. ??

Understanding the Nervous System

The nervous system is a complex network that plays a crucial role in how we function. It consists of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Familiarizing yourself with these concepts can enhance your comprehension during the test.

Key Terms:

• CNS: Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
• PNS: Connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
• Neurons: The basic building blocks of the nervous system.

Sample Reading Passage

Here is a simplified version of a reading passage you might encounter:

The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body. It enables responses to external stimuli, regulates bodily functions, and facilitates communication between various organs. Neurons, the primary cells of the nervous system, communicate through synapses, where neurotransmitters are released. This process is essential for both voluntary movements and involuntary reflexes.

Practice Questions

After reading the passage, you might face questions like:

1. What are the main components of the nervous system?
2. How do neurons communicate with each other?
3. Why is the nervous system important for bodily functions?

Vocabulary Building

Improving your vocabulary is vital for the TOEFL reading section. Here are some words related to the nervous system that you should know:

• Synapse: The junction between two neurons.
• Neurotransmitter: Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse.
• Reflex: An automatic response to a stimulus.

Practice Tips

Here are some practical tips to help you prepare:

• Read Widely: Explore scientific articles and textbooks about the nervous system. This will not only improve your understanding but also expose you to different writing styles.
• Take Notes: While reading, jot down key points and unfamiliar terms. This will help reinforce your learning.
• Answer Practice Questions: Use TOEFL practice materials to answer questions related to the nervous system. This will familiarize you with the question format and improve your time management skills.

Listening Practice

Listening skills are equally important. You might encounter audio clips discussing the nervous system. Here’s an example of a listening passage:

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which connects the CNS to limbs and organs. Understanding these components is essential for recognizing how the body responds to various stimuli.

Sample Listening Questions

After listening, you may be asked:

1. What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
2. What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?

New Topics to Explore

As you prepare, consider exploring new topics related to the nervous system, such as:

• The impact of stress on the nervous system.
• Neuroplasticity and its implications for learning.
• The relationship between the nervous system and mental health.

By focusing on these areas, you can deepen your understanding and enhance your performance on the TOEFL reading section. Remember, consistent practice and exposure to varied materials are key to success. Good luck! ??