托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：蘇美爾人的文本+真題+答案

在備考托福閱讀時，除了掌握大量的托福詞匯外,，進(jìn)行真題練習(xí)也是至關(guān)重要的一環(huán),。今天，我們將為大家提供一篇關(guān)于蘇美爾人的閱讀材料,，包括相關(guān)的題目和答案,，希望能夠幫助到每位考生提升閱讀能力。

TOEFL Reading Passage:

Archaeological discoveries have led some scholars to believe that the first Mesopotamian inventors of writing may have been a people the later Babylonians called Subarians. According to tradition, they came from the north and moved into Uruk in the south. By about 3100 B.C., they were apparently subjugated in southern Mesopotamia by the Sumerians, whose name became synonymous with the region immediately north of the Persian Gulf, in the fertile lower valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. Here the Sumerians were already well established by the year 3000 B.C.

They had invented bronze, an alloy that could be cast in molds, out of which they made tools and weapons. They lived in cities, and they had begun to acquire and use capital. Perhaps most important, the Sumerians adapted writing (probably from the Subarians) into a flexible tool of communication.

Archaeologists have known about the Sumerians for over 150 years. Archaeologists working at Nineveh in northern Mesopotamia in the mid-nineteenth century found many inscribed clay tablets. Some they could decipher because the language was a Semitic one (Akkadian), on which scholars had already been working for a generation. But other tablets were inscribed in another language that was not Semitic and previously unknown. Because these inscriptions made reference to the king of Sumer and Akkad,

對于準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨目忌鷣碚f,，托福閱讀真題解析是一個不可或缺的學(xué)習(xí)工具。通過分析真實(shí)的考試題目和閱讀材料,，考生不僅可以提高自己的閱讀理解能力,，還能熟悉考試的題型和出題方式。??

一,、了解托福閱讀部分的結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀部分通常由3-4篇文章組成,，每篇文章大約700-800詞。每篇文章后會有10-14道題目,，考查考生對文章內(nèi)容的理解和分析能力,。??

二、選擇合適的真題資料

在備考過程中,，選擇一些可靠的真題資料是非常重要的,。建議使用官方出版的真題集或者知名輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)的資料,。這些資料通常會附帶詳細(xì)解析，幫助考生理解正確答案的原因以及錯誤選項的誤導(dǎo)之處,。

三,、解析真題的步驟

1. 閱讀文章：首先，快速瀏覽文章,，抓住主旨大意,。在這一步，可以劃出關(guān)鍵詞和重要句子,。
2. 做題：在閱讀完文章后,，開始做題。注意時間控制,，盡量在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成,。
3. 分析答案：完成后，查看答案并進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,，理解為什么選擇某個答案,，以及其他選項為何不正確。??

四,、常見題型及解題技巧

在托福閱讀中,，有幾種常見的題型需要特別注意：

• Main Idea Questions：這些題目通常詢問文章的主要思想?？梢酝ㄟ^關(guān)注每段的主題句來找到答案,。
• Detail Questions：這些問題要求考生找到文章中的具體信息。細(xì)心閱讀和記筆記將幫助你找到正確答案,。
• Inference Questions：這些題目要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理,。注意作者的語氣和態(tài)度，有助于理解隱含的信息,。

五、推薦的真題范文

以下是一個典型的托福閱讀題目示例：

Reading Text: "The Role of Technology in Education"
Questions: 1. What is the main idea of the passage? 2. According to the passage, how has technology changed traditional teaching methods?"

六,、提高閱讀能力的方法

除了做真題,，考生還可以通過以下方法提高閱讀能力：

• 定期閱讀英語文章：選擇一些與托福閱讀相似的學(xué)術(shù)文章,，培養(yǎng)自己的閱讀習(xí)慣,。
• 擴(kuò)大詞匯量：每天學(xué)習(xí)新的單詞，并嘗試在閱讀中應(yīng)用它們,。
• 參加模擬考試：定期進(jìn)行全真模擬測試,，檢驗(yàn)自己的水平并調(diào)整復(fù)習(xí)策略。??

七,、保持積極的心態(tài)

最后,，保持積極的心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵,。雖然托福閱讀部分可能會讓人感到壓力，但通過不斷的練習(xí)和總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),，你一定能提高自己的閱讀能力,，順利通過考試。??

希望以上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享能夠幫助到正在備考托福的你,，祝你取得優(yōu)異的成績,！

The Historical Background of the Sumerians

The Sumerians are often regarded as one of the world's first civilizations, emerging in the southern region of Mesopotamia around 4500 BCE. Their history is rich and complex, offering valuable insights for TOEFL candidates interested in ancient cultures. ??

Geographical Setting

Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Sumerian city-states such as Ur, Uruk, and Eridu benefited from fertile land, which was crucial for agriculture. The annual flooding of these rivers provided nutrient-rich silt, allowing the Sumerians to cultivate crops effectively. ?? This geographical advantage played a significant role in their economic prosperity and societal development.

Political Structure

Sumer was not a unified nation but rather a collection of city-states, each with its own ruler and government. These rulers were often seen as intermediaries between the gods and the people. The most notable city-state, Uruk, is considered one of the world’s first major cities. ??? The political system was characterized by a theocracy, where religious leaders held substantial power alongside secular rulers.

Cultural Achievements

The Sumerians made remarkable contributions to human civilization. They developed one of the earliest writing systems known as cuneiform, which allowed them to record transactions, laws, and stories. ?? This innovation was pivotal in the administration of their city-states and laid the foundation for future written communication.

Religion and Beliefs

The Sumerian religion was polytheistic, with a pantheon of gods representing natural forces and aspects of life. Temples, known as ziggurats, served as both religious and administrative centers, reflecting the importance of religion in daily life. ?? The Sumerians believed that maintaining the favor of their gods was essential for the prosperity of their city-states.

Trade and Economy

Trade was a vital aspect of Sumerian life, facilitated by their location and advancements in transportation. They traded goods such as textiles, grains, and crafted items with neighboring regions, including the Indus Valley and Egypt. ?? This exchange of goods not only enriched their economy but also fostered cultural interactions that influenced their society.

Legacy and Influence

The Sumerians' innovations in writing, law, and urban planning have left a lasting legacy on subsequent civilizations. Their code of laws, often attributed to King Hammurabi of Babylon, was influenced by earlier Sumerian legal practices. ?? Additionally, their advancements in mathematics and astronomy laid the groundwork for future scientific developments.

Conclusion

Understanding the historical background of the Sumerians provides essential context for appreciating the evolution of human societies. For TOEFL candidates, grasping such historical narratives can enhance reading comprehension and analytical skills, which are crucial for success in the exam. ?? By exploring the Sumerians' contributions, students can gain a broader perspective on the interconnectedness of history and culture.

Sample Questions for TOEFL Preparation

• Reading Comprehension: What were the main contributions of the Sumerians to civilization?
• Listening Practice: Listen to a lecture about ancient Mesopotamia and summarize the key points regarding Sumerian society.
• Writing Task: Discuss the significance of the Sumerian writing system in the context of their society.
• Speaking Prompt: Describe the political structure of Sumer and its impact on the city's development.

對于許多托?？忌鷣碚f,，閱讀部分可能是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的,。為了幫助你在這部分取得好成績，以下是一些實(shí)用的技巧和策略,，讓你更有效地應(yīng)對托福閱讀。

1. 熟悉考試結(jié)構(gòu) ??

首先,，了解托福閱讀的結(jié)構(gòu)是非常重要的?？荚囃ǔ０剿钠恼?，每篇文章約700字，后面會有10個問題,。掌握這種格式可以幫助你更好地分配時間。

2. 提高詞匯量 ??

詞匯是理解閱讀材料的關(guān)鍵,。建議每天學(xué)習(xí)新單詞,，并進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),?？梢允褂靡恍┰诰€工具，如Quizlet,，來幫助記憶,。以下是一些常見的托福詞匯：

• Analyze - 分析
• Significant - 重要的
• Interpret - 解釋
• Contribute - 貢獻(xiàn)

3. 閱讀技巧 ??

在閱讀時，使用以下技巧可以提高理解能力：

• 掃讀（Skimming）：快速瀏覽文章,，獲取大意和結(jié)構(gòu),。
• 精讀（Scanning）：尋找特定信息或答案。
• 做筆記：在閱讀過程中記下重要的觀點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)。

4. 理解題型 ??

托福閱讀的題型主要包括：

• 細(xì)節(jié)題：要求你找到文章中的具體信息,。
• 主旨題：測試你對整篇文章主題的理解,。
• 推理題：需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理推斷。

了解這些題型可以幫助你在答題時更加有針對性,。

5. 練習(xí)模擬試題 ??

通過做模擬試題來熟悉考試節(jié)奏和題型,，可以顯著提高你的閱讀能力。你可以在ETS官網(wǎng)找到一些免費(fèi)的練習(xí)材料,。以下是一個例子：

Reading Passage: “The importance of biodiversity in ecosystems cannot be overstated. Biodiversity contributes to ecosystem services that are essential for human survival.”

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer: The significance of biodiversity in supporting essential ecosystem services for humans.

6. 時間管理 ?

托福閱讀部分時間緊迫,，因此合理安排時間至關(guān)重要。建議每篇文章控制在 20分鐘 內(nèi)完成,，包括閱讀和答題,。在考試中，保持冷靜,，不要在某個問題上花費(fèi)過多時間。

7. 復(fù)習(xí)與反饋 ??

完成練習(xí)后,，務(wù)必檢查答案并分析錯誤原因,。了解自己在哪些類型的問題上犯錯,，可以幫助你在未來的練習(xí)中避免同樣的錯誤,。

8. 保持積極心態(tài) ??

最后,，保持積極的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度是成功的關(guān)鍵。參加閱讀小組,，與其他考生交流經(jīng)驗(yàn),，互相鼓勵，能夠提升你的信心和動力,。

通過以上技巧與策略的應(yīng)用,，相信你能在托福閱讀部分取得理想的成績！祝你好運(yùn),！??