托福閱讀的各類題型中,，有些題目并不能直接在文章中找到答案，尤其是修辭目的題,。這類題目要求考生根據(jù)邏輯進(jìn)行推測(cè)和判斷,，因此許多同學(xué)在這方面存在困難。為了幫助大家更好地理解修辭目的題,，下面將詳細(xì)講解相關(guān)的方法和思路,。

修辭目的題主要關(guān)注作者為何提供某個(gè)特定的信息或例子，考察的是考生在閱讀過程中“角色轉(zhuǎn)換”的能力,，即能夠設(shè)身處地地理解作者的寫作意圖,。需要注意的是，托福閱讀中的修辭手法不同于語文課上所講的比喻,、擬人等，而是指“有效寫作或演講的藝術(shù)”,。它包括舉例,、定義、解釋,、對(duì)比,、反駁、強(qiáng)調(diào)等多種手法,。

了解了修辭手法后,，我們需要揣測(cè)作者在文章中使用某個(gè)例子或句子的意圖。盡管一些同學(xué)可能會(huì)覺得如果不理解文章內(nèi)容就難以解答,，但實(shí)際上,，托福閱讀的文章結(jié)構(gòu)是相對(duì)明確的。每篇文章通常都有一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn)（thesis statement）,，而每段都有中心句（topic sentence）,。這意味著段落內(nèi)部信息都是為段落中心思想服務(wù)的，而段落又是為文章中心服務(wù)的,。

托福閱讀修辭目的題提問對(duì)象分析

修辭目的題可以分為兩類：一類針對(duì)具體信息,，另一類針對(duì)段落組織結(jié)構(gòu)。前者出現(xiàn)頻率較高,，且通常以舉例為主,，因此我們將重點(diǎn)討論第一類的解題方法。舉例的目的通常是為了證明某種觀點(diǎn),，可能有兩種情況：先陳述觀點(diǎn)后舉例,，或者先給出例子再總結(jié)觀點(diǎn),。在此過程中，我們需要關(guān)注三個(gè)層次：例子前的句子,、段落中心句以及文章中心,。

托福閱讀修辭目的題解題思路實(shí)例精講

接下來，通過具體的例子來說明解題思路,。

The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states: "The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops."

The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points?

A. The number of deer within the Puget Sound region has varied over time.

B. Most of the explorers who came to the Puget Sound area were primarily interested in hunting game.

C. There was more game for hunting in the East of the United States than in the West.

D. Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading companies.

通過分析選項(xiàng)A,、B、C和D,，我們首先定位到例子前的句子：“the early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s”,，這也是一個(gè)例子，而非觀點(diǎn),。接著我們尋找段落中心句,，即“the numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country”。因此,，引用Lewis和Clark的例子是為了闡明段落中心句,，也即“the numbers of deer has changed a lot”，這與選項(xiàng)A同義,，所以我們選擇A作為正確答案,。其他選項(xiàng)中，B提到的捕獵興趣未在原文中涉及,；C選項(xiàng)未比較東西部的狩獵情況,；D選項(xiàng)也沒有提及個(gè)體與團(tuán)體捕獵的成功率，因此我們鎖定正確答案為A,。

修辭目的題考察學(xué)生尋找文中具體信息的寫作意圖,，我們應(yīng)始終關(guān)注例子前的句子、段落中心句以及文章中心這三個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素,，這樣解答此類題目便會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單,。

以上就是托福閱讀中修辭目的題的解題入門指南，希望同學(xué)們能通過本文學(xué)習(xí)到有效的解題思路,，從而提升自己的閱讀能力,，順利應(yīng)對(duì)托福考試,。

For many TOEFL test-takers, the reading section can be quite challenging, especially when it comes to rhetorical purpose questions. These questions assess your ability to understand the author's intent and the function of specific parts of the text. In this article, we will explore strategies to tackle these questions effectively. ??

What Are Rhetorical Purpose Questions?

Rhetorical purpose questions often begin with phrases like “The author mentions…” or “The primary purpose of the passage is…” They require you to identify why the author included certain details or what they aimed to achieve through their writing. Understanding the context and the author's perspective is crucial for answering these questions correctly.

Key Strategies for Answering Rhetorical Purpose Questions

1. Identify the Main Idea: ??

Before diving into the questions, ensure that you have a clear understanding of the main idea of the passage. Ask yourself, “What is the author trying to convey?” This will provide a solid foundation for interpreting specific details.

2. Pay Attention to Transition Words: ??

Words like "however," "furthermore," and "in contrast" signal shifts in tone or direction. Recognizing these transitions can help you understand the author's intention behind certain statements.

3. Analyze the Structure: ??

Often, the structure of the passage can give clues about the author's purpose. For instance, if a section presents a problem followed by a solution, the rhetorical purpose may be to persuade or inform the reader about a particular issue.

Example Rhetorical Purpose Question

Consider the following sample question based on a hypothetical passage:

Question: What is the primary purpose of the second paragraph in the passage?

Answer Choices:

• A) To introduce a new topic
• B) To provide evidence supporting the main argument
• C) To summarize previous information
• D) To present a counterargument

The correct answer would depend on the content of the second paragraph, but analyzing its role within the passage helps you arrive at the right choice.

Practice Makes Perfect

To improve your skills in answering rhetorical purpose questions, practice is essential. Here are some tips:

• Read academic articles or essays and summarize the author's purpose in your own words.
• Take practice tests and focus specifically on the rhetorical purpose questions.
• Discuss passages with study partners to gain different perspectives on the author’s intent.

Common Topics in TOEFL Reading Passages

Familiarizing yourself with common topics can also help you prepare. Some frequently encountered themes include:

• Environmental issues ??
• Technological advancements ??
• Historical events ??
• Social sciences and psychology ??

By recognizing these themes, you can better anticipate the types of rhetorical purpose questions that may arise.

Final Thoughts

Mastering rhetorical purpose questions in the TOEFL reading section requires practice and a strategic approach. By identifying the main idea, paying attention to transitions, and analyzing the structure, you can enhance your comprehension and test performance. Remember, consistent practice and engagement with various texts will significantly improve your skills over time. Good luck! ??

托福（TOEFL）閱讀部分是許多考生感到挑戰(zhàn)的一部分,。了解不同的題型和應(yīng)對(duì)策略能幫助你在考試中取得更好的成績(jī)。以下是對(duì)托福閱讀題型的詳細(xì)講解,，幫助你更好地準(zhǔn)備這部分內(nèi)容,。??

1. 細(xì)節(jié)題（Detail Questions）

細(xì)節(jié)題通常以“根據(jù)文章…可以推斷出什么？”或“根據(jù)第X段…”的形式出現(xiàn),。這類題目要求考生從文章中找到具體的信息,。為了提高答題準(zhǔn)確率,，建議在閱讀過程中用熒光筆標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)。

Example Question: According to the passage, what can be inferred about the author’s opinion on renewable energy?

Reference Answer: The author supports the use of renewable energy as a sustainable solution for environmental issues.

2. 主旨題（Main Idea Questions）

主旨題通常會(huì)問“這篇文章的主要觀點(diǎn)是什么,？”這類題目考查的是考生對(duì)整篇文章的理解能力,。在閱讀時(shí)，關(guān)注每段的主題句,，幫助你抓住文章的核心思想,。

Example Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Reference Answer: The passage discusses the importance of biodiversity and its impact on ecosystem health.

3. 推理題（Inference Questions）

推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)。這類題目通常不會(huì)直接在文中找到答案,，而是需要你理解作者的意圖或暗示,。

Example Question: What can be inferred about the future of technology based on the passage?

Reference Answer: The passage suggests that technology will continue to evolve rapidly, impacting various aspects of society.

4. 詞匯題（Vocabulary Questions）

詞匯題通常要求考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)某個(gè)單詞的含義。這類題目常見于“在第X段中,，‘Y’一詞最接近于…”的形式,。提高詞匯量和熟悉常見表達(dá)是應(yīng)對(duì)這類題目的有效方法。

Example Question: In line 15, the word “exemplify” is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Reference Answer: To illustrate or demonstrate.

5. 結(jié)構(gòu)題（Organization Questions）

結(jié)構(gòu)題關(guān)注文章的組織方式,，可能會(huì)問“第X段的主要功能是什么,？”或“作者如何安排信息？”這類題目考查的是你對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解,。注意段落之間的過渡詞和邏輯關(guān)系,，有助于你回答此類問題。

Example Question: What is the purpose of the second paragraph?

Reference Answer: To provide background information on the topic discussed.

6. 例證題（Example Questions）

例證題要求考生識(shí)別文中提供的例子或支持論點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié),。通常會(huì)問“作者用什么例子來支持他的觀點(diǎn)？”這類題目幫助考生理解作者如何通過具體實(shí)例增強(qiáng)論述,。

Example Question: Which of the following examples does the author use to illustrate the benefits of exercise?

Reference Answer: The author mentions a study showing improved mental health among regular exercisers.

Tips for Success:

1. Practice Regularly: 定期練習(xí)各種題型,，熟悉題型結(jié)構(gòu)和常見陷阱。

2. Time Management: 在做題時(shí)合理分配時(shí)間,，確保每道題都有足夠的思考時(shí)間,。

3. Skim and Scan: 學(xué)會(huì)快速瀏覽和掃描文章，以便迅速找到所需信息,。

4. Review Mistakes: 對(duì)錯(cuò)題進(jìn)行分析,，總結(jié)錯(cuò)誤原因，避免下次再犯,。

掌握這些閱讀題型和應(yīng)對(duì)策略,，將有助于你在托福閱讀部分取得更好的成績(jī)。祝你備考順利,！??