在備考托福的過(guò)程中,，理解長(zhǎng)難句是提高閱讀能力的重要環(huán)節(jié),。本文將為大家匯總托福官方真題Official18中的一些長(zhǎng)難句，幫助考生更好地掌握閱讀技巧和應(yīng)對(duì)考試,。

托福官方真題Official18: Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia

1. In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success.

2. The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

3. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.

4. The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited.

5. This meant a great dependence on international commerce, which had notorious fluctuations; but it also meant high returns to those factors of production that were fortunate enough to be well placed in times of prosperity.

托福官方真題Official18: The Mystery of Yawning

1. According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.

2. About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten.

3. But, while accepting that not everything in life can be explained by Darwinian evolution, there are sound reasons for being skeptical of theories like this one, which avoid the issue of what yawning does for adults.

4. Such yawning is often referred to as "incongruous" because it seems out of place, at least on the tiredness view: soldiers yawning before combat, musicians yawning before performing, and athletes yawning before competing.

托福官方真題Official18: Lightning

1. Below this large, cold, negatively charged region, the cloud is warmer than -15℃, and at these temperatures, collisions between ice crystals and falling ice pellets produce positively charged ice pellets that then populate a small region at the base of the cloud.

2. However, as the storm cloud develops, the ground beneath the cloud becomes positively charged and lightning can take place in the form of an electrical discharge between the negative charge of the cloud and the positively charged ground.

3. Once a channel has been formed, it is usually used by several lightning discharges, each of them consisting of a stream of electrons from the cloud meeting a stream of positive particles along the established path.

以上就是小編為大家整理的托福官方真題Official18閱讀長(zhǎng)難句資料,，希望這些內(nèi)容能夠幫助考生們?cè)谕懈ｉ喿x中取得更好的成績(jī)。祝愿每位考生都能順利通過(guò)考試,，取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù),！

對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備托福考試的考生來(lái)說(shuō),，閱讀部分常常是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),。通過(guò)分析真題閱讀,，我們可以更好地理解考試的結(jié)構(gòu)和常見(jiàn)題型。本文將分享一些有效的閱讀策略和真題解析,，幫助你在考試中取得更好的成績(jī),。??

一、了解托福閱讀的結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀部分通常包含三到四篇文章,，每篇文章約700詞,，總共60-80分鐘的考試時(shí)間。文章的主題多樣,，涵蓋自然科學(xué),、人文社科、歷史等領(lǐng)域,。因此,，考生需要具備廣泛的知識(shí)背景和良好的閱讀技巧。

二,、常見(jiàn)題型解析

在托福閱讀中,，有幾種常見(jiàn)的題型，你需要熟悉：

• 主旨大意題：這些題目通常要求你找出整篇文章的主要觀點(diǎn)或主題,。
• 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：考查你對(duì)文章具體信息的掌握,，通常會(huì)涉及特定的段落或句子。
• 推理題：需要你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理的推斷,，而不是直接從文章中找到答案,。
• 詞匯題：考查你對(duì)文章中某些單詞或短語(yǔ)的理解，通常需要結(jié)合上下文來(lái)判斷,。

三,、真題示例與解析

下面是一道托福閱讀真題的示例：

Reading Passage: "The Role of Bees in Pollination"

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer Choices:

• A. Bees are essential for food production.
• B. Different species of bees have unique behaviors.
• C. Pollination is important for plant reproduction.
• D. The decline of bee populations affects ecosystems.

Correct Answer: A. Bees are essential for food production.

在這道題中，正確答案是A,，因?yàn)槲恼轮饕懻摿嗣鄯湓谑称飞a(chǎn)中的重要性,。考生需要快速識(shí)別文章的主旨,，這有助于提高答題效率,。

四、閱讀策略分享

為了提高你的閱讀能力,，以下是一些實(shí)用的策略：

• 預(yù)讀標(biāo)題和小節(jié)：在閱讀之前,，快速瀏覽文章的標(biāo)題和小節(jié)，幫助你了解文章的大致內(nèi)容,。
• 做筆記：在閱讀過(guò)程中,，記下重要的觀點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)，方便后續(xù)答題時(shí)參考,。
• 關(guān)注連接詞：連接詞如“however”,、“moreover”,、“therefore”等，可以幫助你理解文章的邏輯關(guān)系,。
• 練習(xí)時(shí)間管理：模擬考試時(shí),，嚴(yán)格控制每篇文章的閱讀時(shí)間，提高你的時(shí)間管理能力,。

五,、推薦閱讀材料

為了更好地準(zhǔn)備托福閱讀，建議考生多做真題練習(xí),，并參考一些優(yōu)質(zhì)的閱讀材料,。以下是一些推薦的資源：

• Official TOEFL iBT Tests Volume 1: 這本書(shū)包含真實(shí)的托?？荚囌骖}及其解析,。
• ETS TOEFL Practice Online: 在線模擬考試，提供真實(shí)的考試體驗(yàn),。
• Academic Journals: 閱讀學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章,，提升自己的專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯和理解能力。

六,、總結(jié)與展望

通過(guò)對(duì)托福真題閱讀的深入解析和策略分享,，希望能夠幫助各位考生更好地應(yīng)對(duì)考試。記住,，持續(xù)的練習(xí)和總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是提高閱讀能力的關(guān)鍵,。祝大家在托福考試中取得理想的成績(jī),！??

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句技巧分享

對(duì)于許多托?？忌鷣?lái)說(shuō)，閱讀部分常常是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),，特別是那些長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子,。掌握一些技巧，能夠幫助你更有效地理解這些句子,，從而提高你的閱讀分?jǐn)?shù),。??

1. 理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)

首先，了解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)鍵,。大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)句子由主語(yǔ),、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。長(zhǎng)難句往往包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分,。試著找出句子的核心部分,，這樣可以幫助你抓住主要意思。

例如,，在句子：“The study, which was conducted over five years, revealed significant data that suggests a correlation between diet and health,”中,，核心信息是“the study revealed significant data”,。其余部分則是對(duì)研究的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

2. 使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)作為線索

標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在長(zhǎng)難句中起到重要作用,。逗號(hào),、分號(hào)和連字符等都可以幫助你劃分句子的不同部分。遇到復(fù)雜句子時(shí),，可以先找到句子中的逗號(hào)和句號(hào),，這通常能幫助你理解句子的分層結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

“Although the weather was inclement, the event, which had been planned for months, went on as scheduled.”

在這個(gè)句子中,，雖然有很多修飾部分,，但“the event went on as scheduled”是主要信息。

3. 識(shí)別連接詞

連接詞如“although”,、“because”,、“whereas”等，能夠指示句子之間的關(guān)系,。識(shí)別這些連接詞可以幫助你理清邏輯,。例如：

“The results were inconclusive because there were too many variables involved.”

這里，“because”引導(dǎo)了原因,，幫助我們理解結(jié)果不明確的原因,。

4. 練習(xí)段落總結(jié)

在閱讀長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，嘗試在心中或紙上為每個(gè)段落寫(xiě)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短總結(jié),。這樣可以幫助你提煉出關(guān)鍵信息,，并增強(qiáng)對(duì)內(nèi)容的理解。

例如,，閱讀一段關(guān)于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的文章時(shí),，可以總結(jié)為：“Human activities have significantly impacted natural ecosystems.” 通過(guò)這樣的方式，你可以更容易地記住重要信息,。

5. 多做練習(xí)題

最后,，多做托福閱讀練習(xí)題是非常重要的。通過(guò)實(shí)際操作,，你能逐漸適應(yīng)長(zhǎng)難句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法,。以下是一些推薦的練習(xí)資源：

• Official TOEFL iBT Tests
• TOEFL Reading Practice Online
• ETS TOEFL Prep Course

在練習(xí)過(guò)程中，注意分析每個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu),，并運(yùn)用以上技巧來(lái)幫助你理解,。??

6. 參考范文

在備考過(guò)程中，可以參考一些高分考生的閱讀理解范文,，以幫助你提升自己的能力,。以下是一個(gè)典型的閱讀理解題目及其答案：

Reading Passage: “The phenomenon of bioluminescence in marine organisms has fascinated scientists for decades, leading to numerous studies aimed at understanding its mechanisms and ecological roles.”

Question: What has been the focus of scientific studies regarding bioluminescence?

Answer: The focus has been on understanding its mechanisms and ecological roles.

通過(guò)這樣的練習(xí)，你可以逐步提高對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力,，從而在托?？荚囍腥〉酶玫某煽?jī),。祝你好運(yùn)！??

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering the reading comprehension section is crucial for achieving a high score. In this article, I will share some effective strategies and practice questions that can help you improve your skills. ??

Understanding the Structure of TOEFL Reading

The TOEFL reading section typically consists of 3-4 passages, each followed by a set of questions. Each passage may vary in length but usually contains around 700 words. The questions assess your ability to understand main ideas, details, inferences, and vocabulary in context. ??

Key Strategies for Success

• Skimming and Scanning: Quickly read through the passage to get a general idea of the content. Focus on the introduction and conclusion, as they often contain the main ideas. Use scanning techniques to locate specific information when answering questions. ??
• Note-Taking: Jot down key points or unfamiliar vocabulary as you read. This will help reinforce your understanding and make it easier to refer back to important details when answering questions. ???
• Practice with Variety: Expose yourself to different topics and writing styles. This will prepare you for the diverse range of passages you may encounter on the actual test. ??
• Time Management: Allocate your time wisely. Aim to spend about 20 minutes on each passage and its questions. Practice under timed conditions to build your speed and efficiency. ?

Sample Passage and Questions

Passage: "The Role of Bees in Pollination" - Bees are essential for pollinating many plants, including crops that humans rely on for food. Without bees, the production of fruits, vegetables, and nuts would decline significantly. Recent studies show that bee populations are declining due to habitat loss and pesticide use.

Questions:

1. What is the main idea of the passage?
2. According to the passage, why are bee populations declining?
3. Which of the following crops would be most affected by a decline in bee populations?

Vocabulary Building

Enhancing your vocabulary is vital for the reading section. Familiarize yourself with academic words that frequently appear in TOEFL passages. Here are some useful terms: "habitat," "pollination," "decline," "essential," "production." Knowing these words will help you understand the context better. ???

Practice Resources

Utilize various resources to practice TOEFL reading comprehension. Websites like ETS, Magoosh, and Kaplan offer sample questions and full-length practice tests. Additionally, consider joining study groups or online forums where you can share tips and resources with fellow test takers. ??

New Questions to Consider

Here are some new practice questions to test your skills:

1. What can be inferred about the relationship between bees and human agriculture?
2. Which statement best summarizes the author's view on pesticides?
3. How does the author support their claims about the importance of bees?

Predicted Topics

While it's impossible to predict the exact passages you will encounter, certain topics frequently appear in TOEFL reading sections. Be prepared to read about subjects such as environmental science, social issues, historical events, and technology. ??

Final Tips

Stay positive and persistent in your preparation. Regular practice and exposure to academic texts will build your confidence and enhance your reading skills. Remember to review your answers after practice tests to learn from your mistakes. Good luck! ??