Official 33 Writing - Integrated Writing

Reading Part

Carved stone balls are intriguing artifacts discovered in various locations across Scotland, dating back to the late Neolithic era, approximately 4,000 years ago. These spherical objects, typically around 70 mm in diameter, were crafted from different types of stone and often feature ornamental designs. Archaeologists have proposed several theories regarding their use and significance.

One theory posits that these carved stone balls functioned as weapons for hunting or combat. Some of the stones have holes, while others display grooves on their surfaces. This leads to the speculation that a cord could be threaded through the holes or wrapped around the grooves, allowing users to swing or throw the balls effectively.

Another theory suggests that the stone balls served as primitive weights or measures. Their uniform size implies they might have represented a standard unit, potentially used for trading or measuring goods like grain. This standardization would have been crucial for early commerce.

A third perspective is that these artifacts had a social significance rather than a practical one. The intricate carvings on many of the stone balls indicate that they might have represented the social status of their owners, highlighting their importance in Neolithic society.

Listening Part

The professor in the lecture challenges the three theories presented in the reading passage.

To begin with, while the reading claims the stone balls were used as weapons due to their design features, the professor argues that the lack of wear on the balls indicates they were not utilized for such purposes. Weapons from that era typically exhibit signs of damage, which these do not.

Furthermore, although the reading mentions the uniform size of the balls as evidence of their role as weights, the professor counters this by stating that their varying densities disqualify them from being effective weighing tools. Different types of stone yield different weights, making it impractical for them to serve as standardized weights.

Lastly, the reading suggests that the elaborate designs of the balls imply a social function. However, the professor refutes this by noting that many balls have simplistic designs, and importantly, no carved stone balls have been found in burial sites, which undermines the idea that they were status symbols.

Sample answer

The reading passage discusses three potential functions of carved stone balls, yet the professor effectively disputes each claim.

Initially, despite the reading's assertion that the balls served as weapons, the professor highlights their pristine condition, indicating they were not used in combat.

Next, while the reading proposes that the uniformity in size points to their utility as weights, the professor clarifies that their differing masses due to the stone types precludes this possibility.

Finally

托福綜合寫作技巧分享

在托福考試中,，綜合寫作部分是一個非常重要的環(huán)節(jié),。它不僅考察你的英語寫作能力，還要求你能夠有效地整合閱讀和聽力材料的信息,。以下是一些實(shí)用的技巧,，幫助你在這一部分取得更好的成績！??

了解題型

綜合寫作的題目通常會給出一段閱讀材料和一段聽力材料,。你需要在20分鐘內(nèi)寫出一篇關(guān)于這兩者內(nèi)容關(guān)系的文章,。常見的題目形式包括：

• Compare and contrast: 比較閱讀和聽力中的觀點(diǎn)。
• Summarize: 總結(jié)閱讀材料,，并指出聽力材料如何支持或反駁這些觀點(diǎn),。

例如，題目可能是：

"Summarize the points made in the reading and explain how the listening passage supports or challenges these points."

有效的筆記技巧

在聽力部分,，記筆記是至關(guān)重要的,。你應(yīng)該關(guān)注以下幾個方面：

• Main ideas: 確保記錄下聽力材料的主要觀點(diǎn)。
• Supporting details: 注意細(xì)節(jié),，這些可以幫助你在寫作中增強(qiáng)論點(diǎn),。
• Contradictions: 如果聽力內(nèi)容與閱讀材料相矛盾，特別標(biāo)記出來,。

例如,，如果閱讀材料提到某種理論，而聽力材料對此提出質(zhì)疑,，你需要在筆記中清晰地標(biāo)記這些信息,，以便在寫作時引用。??

結(jié)構(gòu)化你的文章

一篇優(yōu)秀的綜合寫作應(yīng)該有明確的結(jié)構(gòu),。以下是推薦的結(jié)構(gòu)：

• 引言： 簡要介紹閱讀和聽力材料的主題,。
• 主體段落： 分別討論閱讀和聽力中的觀點(diǎn)，使用連接詞（如 "Furthermore", "On the other hand"）來組織內(nèi)容,。
• 總結(jié)： 重申主要觀點(diǎn),，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽力材料對閱讀材料的重要性。

例如,，文章的引言可以是：

"The reading passage discusses the theory of X, while the listening lecture presents an opposing view."

語言表達(dá)技巧

在寫作時,，使用多樣化的詞匯和句型是很重要的。避免重復(fù)使用同樣的詞匯,，可以嘗試用同義詞替換,。例如：

• Instead of "important," use "crucial" or "significant."
• Instead of "shows," use "demonstrates" or "illustrates."

此外，使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞可以使文章更流暢,。例如：

• To add information: "Moreover," "Additionally."
• To contrast: "However," "Conversely."

練習(xí)與反饋

最后,，進(jìn)行大量的練習(xí)是提高寫作能力的關(guān)鍵,。可以嘗試以下方法：

• Practice with sample questions: 找到過去的托福綜合寫作題目,，進(jìn)行模擬寫作,。
• Seek feedback: 請教老師或同學(xué),，獲取他們對你文章的意見。

通過不斷的練習(xí)和反饋,，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的寫作能力逐漸提高，寫作的信心也會隨之增強(qiáng),。??

Understanding TOEFL Writing: An In-Depth Analysis of Real Test Questions

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering the writing section is crucial for achieving your desired score. This article aims to provide insights into real TOEFL writing prompts and how to approach them effectively. ??

1. Familiarize Yourself with Common Topics

The first step in preparing for the TOEFL writing section is to understand the common themes that appear in prompts. Here are some frequently encountered topics:

• Education: The role of technology in learning.
• Environment: The impact of climate change on daily life.
• Society: The influence of social media on communication.

By familiarizing yourself with these topics, you can develop ideas and vocabulary relevant to each theme. ??

2. Analyzing Sample Prompts

Let’s look at a sample prompt:

Prompt: "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should read only those books that are easy to understand." Explain your opinion using specific reasons and examples.

In this prompt, you need to express your agreement or disagreement and support your viewpoint with clear reasons. Remember to structure your essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. ??

3. Structuring Your Essay

A well-structured essay typically follows this format:

• Introduction: Introduce the topic and state your thesis.
• Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph should focus on one main idea, supported by examples.
• Conclusion: Summarize your points and restate your opinion.

For example, in response to the above prompt, your introduction might look like this:

Example Introduction: "While some argue that reading should be limited to easy-to-understand books, I believe that challenging literature enriches our minds and enhances critical thinking skills."

4. Practice with Real Test Questions

Practicing with actual TOEFL writing prompts can significantly improve your skills. Here’s another example:

Prompt: "Some people think that the best way to increase road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars or motorbikes. To what extent do you agree or disagree?"

In your response, consider both sides of the argument before stating your position. This will demonstrate critical thinking and a balanced perspective. ??

5. Useful Vocabulary and Phrases

Using varied vocabulary can enhance your writing. Here are some phrases that can be useful:

• "It is widely believed that..."
• "On the one hand,..."
• "In conclusion,..."

Incorporating these phrases can help improve the flow and coherence of your essay. ??

6. Feedback and Revision

After writing your essay, seek feedback from peers or teachers. Revising your work based on constructive criticism will help you identify areas for improvement. Focus on clarity, grammar, and overall coherence. ??

7. Stay Updated with New Topics

The TOEFL exam evolves, and new topics may emerge. Keep yourself informed by regularly checking resources such as official TOEFL websites or forums where recent test-takers share their experiences. This proactive approach will prepare you for any surprises on test day. ??

8. Final Tips for Success

Here are a few last-minute tips to enhance your writing performance:

• Practice writing essays within the time limit.
• Read high-scoring sample essays to understand what examiners look for.
• Manage your time wisely during the test to allow for planning, writing, and revising.

By following these strategies and practicing consistently, you will build confidence and improve your writing skills for the TOEFL exam. Good luck! ??

對于許多托福考生而言，寫作部分往往是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)節(jié)之一,。為了幫助大家在這一部分取得高分，以下是一些實(shí)用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧,。??

一、了解托福寫作結(jié)構(gòu)

托福寫作分為兩個部分：獨(dú)立寫作和綜合寫作,。

• Independent Writing:考生需要根據(jù)給定的話題表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，通常要求寫一篇300-350字的文章,。
• Integrated Writing:考生需閱讀一段文本并聽一段相關(guān)的聽力材料，然后結(jié)合這兩者的信息寫出一篇文章,，字?jǐn)?shù)要求同樣在300-350字之間,。

二,、掌握常見話題

在備考過程中,，建議考生關(guān)注一些常見的話題，例如：

• Education: Should students be required to take physical education classes?
• Technology: Do you think technology has made our lives easier or more complicated?
• Environment: What should people do to protect the environment?

這些話題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在托?？荚囍?，因此提前準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)內(nèi)容會大大提高你的寫作效率,。??

三,、提高寫作技巧

1. 邏輯清晰：確保你的文章有明確的結(jié)構(gòu),，包括引言、主體段落和結(jié)論,。每個段落應(yīng)圍繞一個中心思想展開。

2. 使用連接詞：運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞（如“however”,，“moreover”,，“in addition”）可以使文章更流暢,，邏輯更清晰,。

3. 多樣化句式：嘗試使用不同的句型,，避免重復(fù)相同的表達(dá)方式,。例如,，可以使用復(fù)合句和簡單句的結(jié)合來增加文章的豐富性。

4. 注意語法和拼寫：基礎(chǔ)的語法和拼寫錯誤會影響評分,，因此在寫作完成后一定要留出時間進(jìn)行檢查,。??

四、練習(xí)范文

以下是一篇關(guān)于教育的獨(dú)立寫作范文,，供考生參考：

Question: Do you agree or disagree that students should be required to take physical education classes?

Sample Answer:

In today's fast-paced world, the importance of physical education cannot be overstated. I strongly believe that students should be required to take physical education classes for several reasons.

Firstly, physical education promotes a healthy lifestyle. With the rise of obesity among children and teenagers, it is crucial to instill the value of physical activity at a young age. Regular exercise not only helps maintain a healthy weight but also reduces the risk of chronic diseases.

Secondly, physical education fosters teamwork and social skills. Through team sports and group activities, students learn how to communicate effectively, work collaboratively, and develop leadership skills. These abilities are essential in both academic and professional settings.

In conclusion, mandatory physical education classes play a vital role in shaping students' health and social skills. Therefore, schools should prioritize physical education as part of their curriculum. ???♂?

五,、模擬考試與反饋

參加模擬考試是提升寫作能力的重要步驟,。通過模擬考試，你可以實(shí)際體驗(yàn)考試的壓力,，并在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成寫作。此外,，尋求老師或同學(xué)的反饋也非常重要，他們的建議能幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)不足之處,，從而不斷改進(jìn),。??

六,、資源推薦

為了進(jìn)一步提高寫作能力,，考生可以參考以下資源：

• Official TOEFL iBT Tests: 這些官方模擬題可以幫助你熟悉考試形式。
• Writing Workbooks: 一些專門針對托福寫作的練習(xí)冊,，提供了大量的寫作練習(xí)和范文分析,。
• Online Forums: 加入托?？忌脑诰€論壇,，與其他考生交流經(jīng)驗(yàn),，獲取寫作靈感。

希望以上的分享能夠幫助你在托福寫作部分取得理想的成績,！祝你好運(yùn),！??