實(shí)例講解用排除法解決托福閱讀問題
1實(shí)例講解用排除法解決托福閱讀問題
在托福閱讀中，排除法是一種高效的解題技巧,。通過對選項(xiàng)的逐一分析與排除,，考生可以更準(zhǔn)確地找到正確答案,。本文將結(jié)合實(shí)例，詳細(xì)講解如何運(yùn)用排除法解決托福閱讀中的不同類型問題,。
一,、基本細(xì)節(jié)信息理解的考察
此類題目通常要求考生從文中提取具體信息,。出題者會給出幾個名詞，其中有三個是文章中提到的,，而一個則是偽信息,。通過排除偽信息,，考生能夠快速找到答案。
例如：
In 1943, the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including NY, controls continued. Under NY’s controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by inflation of the 1970s, which combined with California’s rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels.
Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California?
A. Rapid population growth
B. Inflation
C. Economic conditions during wartime
D. Record-high housing prices
在這個例子中,，考生應(yīng)鎖定“Santa Monica, California”作為關(guān)鍵詞，找到相關(guān)句子并逐一排除,。通過分析,，發(fā)現(xiàn)A,、B和D都在段落中提到,，因此答案為C。
二,、事件發(fā)展程序理解的考察
這類題目考察考生對事件順序的理解,。通常情況下，選項(xiàng)中的句子會描述事件的關(guān)鍵步驟,，其中一個選項(xiàng)會與這些步驟相悖?？忌枰屑?xì)閱讀以找出錯誤的選項(xiàng),。
例如：
The sauce that is today called ketchup (or catsup) in western cultures is a tomato-based sauce that is quite distinct from the eastern ancestors of this product. A sauce called ke-tiap was in use in China at least as early as the seventeenth century but the Chinese version of sauce was made of pickled fish, shellfish, and spices. The popularity of this Chinese sauce spread to Singapore and Malaysia where it was called kechap. The Indonesian sauce ketjab derives its name from the same sauce as Malaysian sauce but is made from very different ingredients. The Indonesian ketjab is made by cooking black soy beans, fermenting them, placing them in salt brine for at least a week, cooking the resulting solution further, and sweetening it heavily; this process results in a dark, thick, and sweet variation of soy sauce.
It is NOT stated in paragraph 1 that
A. the Chinese sauce was in existence in the 17th century.
B. the Malaysian sauce was similar to the Chinese sauce.
C. the Chinese sauce was made from seafood and spices.
D. the Indonesian sauce was similar to the Chinese sauce.
對于這道題,，考生應(yīng)逐一分析選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)提到的“17th century”可以在文中找到,，故A不是正確答案。同理,，B和C也能在文中確認(rèn),。因此，D為正確答案,。
三、文章或段落主題抓取能力的考察
這類題目通常要求考生識別段落或文章的主要觀點(diǎn),。若選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)與段落內(nèi)容相悖的詞匯,，考生應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮該選項(xiàng)。
例如：
Decades before this disaster, environmentalists had predicted just such an enormous oil spill in this area because of the treacherous nature of the waters due to the submerged reefs, icebergs, and violent storms there. They had urged that oil be transported to the continental United States by land-based pipeline rather than by oil tanker or by undersea pipeline to reduce the potential damage to the environment posed by the threat of an oil spill.
Which point is NOT made by the environmentalists mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. That a huge oil spill in the waters off Alaska was possible.
B. That the waters off the coast of Alaska were dangerous for ships.
C. That oil tankers should not be used to transport oil from Alaska.
D. That an undersea pipeline
2托福閱讀排除法技巧
對于許多托?？忌鷣碚f，閱讀部分可能是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的部分之一,。掌握一些有效的解題技巧可以幫助你在考試中取得更好的成績。今天,，我們將重點(diǎn)討論排除法技巧,，這是一種非常有效的策略，可以幫助你找到正確答案，同時減少錯誤選擇的可能性,。??
1. 理解問題類型
首先,，你需要了解不同類型的問題。通常,，托福閱讀中的問題可以分為以下幾類：
- 細(xì)節(jié)題 (Detail Questions): 這些問題要求你尋找文本中的具體信息。
- 推理題 (Inference Questions): 這些問題要求你根據(jù)文本的信息做出推斷,。
- 主旨題 (Main Idea Questions): 這些問題通常詢問整篇文章的主題或主要觀點(diǎn),。
- 詞匯題 (Vocabulary Questions): 這些問題要求你理解某個單詞或短語在上下文中的含義,。
2. 使用排除法
排除法是一種非常有效的解題技巧。當(dāng)你面對四個選項(xiàng)時,，不要急于選擇,，而是逐一分析每個選項(xiàng)：
- 找出明顯錯誤的選項(xiàng): 如果一個選項(xiàng)與你記得的文本內(nèi)容相悖,，或者與問題不相關(guān),，那么這個選項(xiàng)可以被排除。
- 關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞: 在問題和選項(xiàng)中尋找關(guān)鍵詞,，看看它們是否與文本中的信息一致,。
- 比較剩余選項(xiàng): 一旦你排除了明顯錯誤的選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)比較剩下的選項(xiàng),，尋找更符合文本的答案。
3. 實(shí)際應(yīng)用示例
讓我們來看一個實(shí)際的例子：
Reading Passage: "The Industrial Revolution marked a turning point in history, leading to significant changes in society, economy, and technology."
Question: What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution?
- A. It caused a decline in agricultural practices.
- B. It led to advancements in technology and economy.
- C. It had no effect on society.
- D. It resulted in the end of the feudal system.
在這個例子中,，選項(xiàng)C顯然是錯誤的,，因?yàn)槲谋咎岬焦I(yè)革命對社會有影響,。選項(xiàng)A也不太符合，因?yàn)殡m然農(nóng)業(yè)可能受到影響,，但文本沒有明確提到衰退,。通過排除，我們可以得出答案是B,，因?yàn)樗苯臃从沉宋谋局械男畔ⅰ?
4. 多練習(xí)
最后，熟能生巧,。多做托福閱讀練習(xí)題,，嘗試使用排除法來解答。你可以使用一些在線資源或者托福備考書籍進(jìn)行練習(xí)。
例如,，你可以找到以下練習(xí)題：
Practice Question: "What is the main idea of the passage?"
- A. The benefits of renewable energy sources.
- B. The challenges of climate change.
- C. The importance of conserving natural resources.
- D. The impact of pollution on health.
通過排除法，你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)B和D雖然相關(guān),，但并沒有涵蓋文章的主旨,。最終，選擇選項(xiàng)A或選項(xiàng)C可能更符合文章的主題,。??
5. 保持冷靜
考試時保持冷靜非常重要。即使遇到困難的問題,，也不要慌張,。運(yùn)用排除法,，合理分析每個選項(xiàng)，能夠幫助你更有效地找到答案,。??
希望以上的排除法技巧能幫助你在托福閱讀中取得更好的成績,！祝你好運(yùn)！??
