托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：美國(guó)移民的文本+真題+答案

在備考托福閱讀時(shí)，除了需要掌握豐富的詞匯量外,，進(jìn)行真題練習(xí)也是至關(guān)重要的。今天,，我們?yōu)榇蠹艺砹送懈ｉ喿x真題,，聚焦于“美國(guó)移民”的主題,，包括相關(guān)文本,、題目以及答案,，希望能幫助考生提升閱讀理解能力,。

TOEFL Reading Passage:

Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American "settlers" on America's "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.

The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction — as well as the expanded market in consumer goods — allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.

Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.

TOEFL Reading Questions:

1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Technological developments

(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities

(C) Standards of living

(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization

2. The word "influx" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) working

(B) processing

(C) arrival

托?？荚囈恢币詠?lái)都是許多非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家學(xué)生進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)國(guó)家大學(xué)的重要一步,。尤其是托福閱讀部分,，考生們常常感到困惑和壓力,。今天，我想分享一些關(guān)于“托福閱讀真題解析”的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，希望能幫助大家更好地備考,。??

理解托福閱讀的結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀部分通常包含3-4篇文章,，每篇文章后面有10個(gè)問(wèn)題,。每篇文章大約700-800詞,，涵蓋不同的學(xué)術(shù)話(huà)題,，例如生物學(xué)、歷史,、文學(xué)等,?？忌枰?0-80分鐘內(nèi)完成所有問(wèn)題,，因此合理安排時(shí)間非常重要,。?

常見(jiàn)的題型

在托福閱讀中，有幾種常見(jiàn)的題型，包括：

• Main Idea Questions: 這些問(wèn)題通常要求你找出文章的主旨,。例如,，“What is the main idea of the passage?”
• 這些問(wèn)題會(huì)詢(xún)問(wèn)文章中的具體細(xì)節(jié),，如“According to the passage, what is the role of…?”
• Inference Questions: 這些問(wèn)題要求你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理，比如“Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?”
• Vocabulary Questions: 這些問(wèn)題會(huì)考察你對(duì)文章中特定單詞的理解,，如“What does the word 'X' mean in the context of the passage?”

如何有效備考

1. 練習(xí)真題: 通過(guò)練習(xí)托福閱讀真題,，你可以熟悉考試的格式和題型,。建議使用官方的托福備考材料,，如《Official TOEFL iBT Tests Volume 1》,。??

2. 提高詞匯量: 托福閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)詞匯，建議每天學(xué)習(xí)一定數(shù)量的新單詞并復(fù)習(xí)舊詞,。使用閃卡是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇,。

3. 掌握閱讀技巧: 學(xué)會(huì)快速掃讀（skimming）和精讀（scanning）,，可以幫助你在短時(shí)間內(nèi)獲取信息,。掃讀時(shí)關(guān)注段落的主題句，精讀時(shí)則要注意細(xì)節(jié),。

范文解析

以下是一篇托福閱讀真題的簡(jiǎn)要分析：

Passage Topic: The Role of Fungi in Ecosystems

文章討論了真菌在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的重要性,，包括它們?nèi)绾畏纸庥袡C(jī)物質(zhì)并與植物形成共生關(guān)系,。文章的主旨是強(qiáng)調(diào)真菌在維持生態(tài)平衡方面的關(guān)鍵作用,。

Sample Question: What is the main function of fungi in ecosystems?

Answer: Fungi play a crucial role in decomposing organic matter and facilitating nutrient cycling.

新題預(yù)測(cè)

根據(jù)近年來(lái)的趨勢(shì),，托福閱讀可能會(huì)增加關(guān)于氣候變化、科技發(fā)展以及社會(huì)科學(xué)等話(huà)題的文章,。因此，考生在備考時(shí)應(yīng)關(guān)注這些領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)資料,。

最后的建議

托福閱讀的成功不僅僅依賴(lài)于記憶單詞和做題,，更需要理解文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的觀點(diǎn),。在備考過(guò)程中,，保持良好的心態(tài),，適當(dāng)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)方法,，相信你一定能夠在托福閱讀中取得滿(mǎn)意的成績(jī)！??

As a TOEFL test taker, understanding the theme of American immigration can significantly enhance your reading comprehension skills. This topic frequently appears in reading passages, and being familiar with it can help you tackle related questions more effectively. Here are some insights and tips to help you prepare for this theme.

Understanding the Theme of American Immigration ??

American immigration has been a significant part of the country's history, shaping its culture, economy, and society. The United States is often referred to as a "melting pot," where people from diverse backgrounds come together. Familiarizing yourself with key historical events, such as the Immigration Act of 1924, which established quotas for immigrants, and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished those quotas, will provide you with a solid foundation. Understanding these laws will not only help you in reading comprehension but also in writing tasks related to immigration.

Key Vocabulary to Know ??

When studying American immigration, certain vocabulary words frequently appear in reading passages. Here are some essential terms:

• Immigrant: A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
• Refugee: A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.
• Naturalization: The process by which a non-citizen becomes a citizen of a country.
• Asylum: Protection granted to individuals in a foreign country because they have suffered persecution.
• Visa: A document that allows a person to enter, stay in, or leave a country.

Practice Reading Comprehension ??

To improve your reading skills, practice with sample passages related to immigration. Here's an example passage you might encounter:

Sample Passage:

"The history of immigration in the United States is marked by waves of newcomers seeking better opportunities. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, millions of Europeans migrated to America, driven by economic hardship and political unrest. Today, immigration continues to shape the nation, with individuals from Latin America, Asia, and Africa contributing to the cultural diversity of the U.S."

Sample Question:

• What were the primary reasons for European migration to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Reference Answer:

The primary reasons for European migration were economic hardship and political unrest.

Listening Practice ??

Listening comprehension is another crucial aspect of the TOEFL exam. You may hear discussions about immigration policies, personal stories of immigrants, or statistics regarding immigration trends. To prepare, listen to podcasts or watch documentaries on immigration topics. Pay attention to the main ideas and supporting details, as they often form the basis of listening questions.

New Topics to Explore ??

As you study, consider exploring contemporary issues surrounding immigration, such as:

• DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals): This program protects eligible immigrant youth from deportation.
• Border Security: Discussions around policies and measures to control immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border.
• Economic Impact of Immigration: Analyzing how immigrants contribute to the workforce and economy.

Preparation Tips ??

1. Read Widely: Engage with articles, books, and studies on immigration to familiarize yourself with different perspectives.

2. Practice Writing: Write essays on immigration-related topics, focusing on structure and clarity.

3. Take Mock Tests: Simulate the TOEFL test environment by taking practice exams, focusing on timing and accuracy.

By immersing yourself in the theme of American immigration, you'll be better prepared for the TOEFL reading section. Remember, consistent practice and exposure to various materials will enhance your understanding and performance on the exam! Good luck! ??

作為一名托?？忌?，掌握閱讀部分的技巧是非常重要的。托福閱讀不僅考查你的英語(yǔ)水平,，還考驗(yàn)?zāi)愕睦斫饽芰头治瞿芰Α＝裉?，我想分享一些關(guān)于托福閱讀練習(xí)題及答案的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，希望能幫助到你們,！??

1. 理解題型

托福閱讀通常包括以下幾種題型：

• Main Idea Questions: 這些題目要求你找出文章的主要思想,。
• Detail Questions: 這些題目會(huì)詢(xún)問(wèn)文章中的具體信息,。
• Inference Questions: 這些題目需要你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷,。
• Vocabulary Questions: 這些題目會(huì)詢(xún)問(wèn)某個(gè)單詞在文中的意思。

了解這些題型后,，你可以更有效地進(jìn)行針對(duì)性練習(xí),。??

2. 練習(xí)題示例

下面是一道典型的托福閱讀練習(xí)題：

Reading Passage:

"The Arctic is experiencing rapid climate change, with temperatures rising at a rate twice that of the global average. This phenomenon is leading to significant changes in the ecosystem, including the melting of sea ice and alterations in wildlife habitats."

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

• A) The Arctic is home to many unique species.
• B) Climate change is affecting the Arctic more than other regions.
• C) Sea ice in the Arctic is essential for marine life.
• D) The Arctic has a stable climate.

Reference Answer: B) Climate change is affecting the Arctic more than other regions. ?

3. 多做練習(xí)

提高閱讀能力的關(guān)鍵在于多做練習(xí),。你可以通過(guò)以下方式增加你的閱讀量：

• 閱讀托福官方指南中的樣題。
• 使用在線資源,，如ETS網(wǎng)站或其他托福備考網(wǎng)站。
• 參加模擬考試，測(cè)試你的時(shí)間管理能力。

記住,，定期練習(xí)可以幫助你熟悉考試格式和題型,，從而提高你的分?jǐn)?shù)。??

4. 時(shí)間管理技巧

在托福閱讀部分，時(shí)間管理至關(guān)重要,。你有60分鐘來(lái)完成3篇文章和36道題目。以下是一些時(shí)間管理的小技巧：

• 每篇文章分配20分鐘,，包括閱讀和回答問(wèn)題,。
• 快速瀏覽文章,，抓住主要思想,，然后再仔細(xì)閱讀細(xì)節(jié),。
• 如果遇到難題，不要停留太久,，先跳過(guò),，待會(huì)再回來(lái)。

合理的時(shí)間管理可以幫助你緩解緊張情緒,，提高答題效率,。?

5. 預(yù)測(cè)題目類(lèi)型

在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),，可以嘗試預(yù)測(cè)可能出現(xiàn)的題目類(lèi)型,。例如,，基于當(dāng)前環(huán)境變化的主題，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)關(guān)于氣候變化的文章,。你可以準(zhǔn)備一些相關(guān)的詞匯和背景知識(shí),，以便更好地理解文章內(nèi)容,。??

6. 參考資料推薦

為了更好地備考托福閱讀，以下是一些推薦的參考資料：

• The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test: 這是一本非常全面的備考書(shū)籍,。
• TOEFL Practice Online: 在線模擬考試,，幫助你熟悉考試環(huán)境,。
• ETS TOEFL Reading Practice Sets: 提供真實(shí)的閱讀題目,，幫助你進(jìn)行針對(duì)性練習(xí)。

希望這些資源能夠幫助你更好地準(zhǔn)備托福考試,！??

7. 結(jié)語(yǔ)

通過(guò)不斷的練習(xí)和總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),，你一定能夠在托福閱讀部分取得理想的成績(jī),。祝你備考順利,！??