如何理解托福閱讀中的說明文,？

托福閱讀中的說明性文章通常會詳細(xì)介紹某一現(xiàn)象。文章的首段一般是背景介紹并引出下文,；主體段落則結(jié)構(gòu)清晰：主旨句（Topic sentence）+ 解釋句（Explain）+ 舉例（Examples）+ 總結(jié)句（Summary）,。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與我們高考語文的寫作方式相似。接下來,，我們通過一個實例進(jìn)行解析：

The Impact of the Roman Army on Britain (Adapted from Official TOEFL Practice)

After the Roman Empire conquered Britain in the first century A.D., a significant number of troops established themselves in this new province. These troops had a considerable impact on Britain, influencing the region through their camps, fortifications, and involvement in the local economy. To assess the military's impact on the civilian populace, one must recognize that soldiers were not evenly distributed across the country. Areas that were quickly integrated into the empire experienced less military influence. In regions where the army was stationed, however, its presence was profound. The establishment of a military base required the appropriation of native lands for both the fortifications and the necessary resources to sustain the soldiers' animals. Additionally, military governance deprived local leaders of opportunities to engage in local administration, stunting social development and sowing seeds of discontent. Consequently, the military had to remain to quell rebellions and maintain order.

In this paragraph, the opening sentence clearly states that the Roman army had a significant influence on Britain. This serves as an overall introduction to the topic. The following sentences provide context, explaining that the soldiers were not evenly spread out. This leads to the recognition that some areas had fewer soldiers and were more rapidly assimilated into the empire, while others with a heavier military presence experienced greater influence. Sentences five to seven focus on the specific impacts: requisitioning land for military purposes, diminishing local leadership roles, hindering social progress, and ultimately necessitating military suppression of dissent.

The first sentence of the paragraph, despite its complexity, can be deconstructed to reveal the main ideas by analyzing its structural layers.

Overall, this seven-sentence paragraph is organized into three clear levels: a main idea statement, contextual explanation, and detailed elaboration. The initial sentence effectively accomplishes both the background and introduction objectives: it details the conquest of Britain by the Roman Empire and the resulting military impacts.

The second paragraph begins by discussing the economic exchanges initiated by the military presence: the soldiers' purchasing power and contributions to infrastructure development.

Each soldier received his pay, but in regions lacking a developed economy, there was initially little on which it could be spent. These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for artisans and traders.

The third paragraph continues to explore economic themes: when soldiers first arrived, they had money but limited options for spending; eventually, military outposts evolved into small towns.

The fourth paragraph introduces another significant impact: locals could gain inheritances of Roman citizenship by serving in the military.

This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, likely explains the apparent stability of the British northern frontier during the later Roman period. It also clarifies why some forts remained occupied long after Rome ceased to exert formal authority in Britain at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The conditions that facilitated the Romanization of natives led to the self-sustaining military community along the frontier effectively becoming British.

The fifth paragraph offers a brief summary, emphasizing how this integration process and local recruitment fostered stability along the northern frontier.

通過上述實例分析,，相信大家對托福閱讀中說明性文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和解題思路有了一定了解。大家可以通過練習(xí)進(jìn)一步加深對說明文的認(rèn)識和解題方法,，以便在面對這類高頻閱讀文章時能夠順利解答,，確保得分。

對于準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨目忌鷣碚f,，閱讀部分是一個不可忽視的環(huán)節(jié)。掌握有效的閱讀結(jié)構(gòu)分析技巧,，可以幫助你更好地理解文章,，提高答題的準(zhǔn)確性。以下是一些實用的技巧,，希望能對你的備考有所幫助,！??

1. 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀文章通常遵循一定的結(jié)構(gòu)，這包括引言,、正文和結(jié)論,。了解這一點可以幫助你快速定位信息。例如,，許多文章會在引言中提出主題,，而在結(jié)論中總結(jié)主要觀點,。??

2. 識別主旨句

每段的主旨句通常包含了該段的核心思想。尋找這些句子可以讓你迅速把握段落內(nèi)容,。在閱讀時,，可以留意段首或段尾的句子，因為它們往往是主旨句的最佳位置,。??

3. 注意連接詞

連接詞在文章中起到承上啟下的作用,，幫助你理解段落之間的關(guān)系。例如,，"however"表示轉(zhuǎn)折,，"therefore"則表示因果關(guān)系。熟悉這些連接詞,，可以提高你對文章邏輯的理解,。??

4. 做筆記

在閱讀過程中，適當(dāng)做筆記可以幫助你整理思路,?？梢允褂煤喍痰年P(guān)鍵詞或符號來記錄重要信息，例如：

- "Main Idea" = 主旨

- "Example" = 例子

- "Contrast" = 對比

這樣的筆記方式能夠讓你在后續(xù)回答問題時更加高效,。??

5. 練習(xí)時間管理

托福閱讀部分有時間限制,，因此合理安排時間非常重要。建議你每篇文章控制在20分鐘內(nèi)完成閱讀和答題,?？梢酝ㄟ^模擬考試來提高你的時間管理能力。?

6. 多做真題

通過做歷年的托福真題,，你可以熟悉考試的題型和出題思路,。比如，常見的題目類型包括：

- "What is the main idea of the passage?"

- "According to the passage, which of the following is true?"

- "The author mentions which of the following as an example?"

通過這些練習(xí),，你可以提高解題的速度和準(zhǔn)確性,。??

7. 學(xué)習(xí)詞匯

豐富的詞匯量是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)。每天學(xué)習(xí)一些新單詞,，并嘗試在上下文中使用它們,。例如，"analyze" (分析), "significant" (重要的), "contribute" (貢獻(xiàn)),。在閱讀時,，遇到不懂的單詞，可以嘗試根據(jù)上下文猜測意思,。??

8. 進(jìn)行小組討論

與同伴一起討論閱讀材料,，可以加深你對內(nèi)容的理解。你們可以互相提問,，分享不同的觀點,，這樣不僅能提高理解力,，還能增強記憶。??

通過以上技巧的練習(xí)與應(yīng)用,，相信你在托福閱讀部分會取得更好的成績,。閱讀不僅僅是為了應(yīng)付考試，更是提升英語水平的重要途徑,。祝你備考順利,！??

對于許多托福考生來說,，閱讀理解是一項重要的挑戰(zhàn)。尤其是說明文的部分,，考生需要掌握一定的技巧來提高自己的理解能力和解題速度,。以下是一些有效的方法，幫助你在托福說明文閱讀中取得更好的成績,。??

1. 理解說明文的結(jié)構(gòu)

說明文通常具有清晰的結(jié)構(gòu),，包括引言、主體和結(jié)論,。引言部分通常會引入主題,，主體部分提供詳細(xì)的信息和例子，而結(jié)論則總結(jié)了主要觀點,。了解這一點可以幫助你更快地定位關(guān)鍵信息,。

2. 關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞

在閱讀說明文時，注意那些關(guān)鍵詞和短語,，這些通常是理解文章主旨的關(guān)鍵,。例如，常見的連接詞如“however”,、“moreover”,、“in addition”等，能夠幫助你理解段落之間的關(guān)系,。??

3. 學(xué)會做筆記

在閱讀過程中,，適當(dāng)做筆記可以幫助你記住重要信息。你可以使用縮寫或符號來快速記錄,。例如,，可以用“+”表示添加信息，用“→”表示因果關(guān)系,。這樣,，在回答問題時，你可以更快地找到相關(guān)的信息,。

4. 熟悉常見題型

托福閱讀中的說明文通常會涉及一些常見的題型,，例如：

- Main Idea (主旨大意)

- Detail Questions (細(xì)節(jié)問題)

- Inference Questions (推理問題)

熟悉這些題型可以幫助你在考試中更有針對性地進(jìn)行答題,。??

5. 多做練習(xí)

通過做大量的模擬題和真題，你可以提高自己的閱讀速度和理解能力,。建議每天抽出一定時間進(jìn)行練習(xí),，并定期回顧錯題，分析錯誤原因,，以便不斷改進(jìn),。

6. 培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣

在日常生活中，多接觸英文材料,，如新聞,、雜志和學(xué)術(shù)文章，有助于提高你的語言水平和閱讀能力,。盡量選擇不同主題的材料,，以增加你的詞匯量和理解能力。??

7. 參考范文與題目

在備考過程中,，可以參考一些優(yōu)秀的說明文范文,。以下是一個示例題目及其參考答案：

Sample Question: What is the main purpose of the passage?

Reference Answer: The main purpose of the passage is to explain the benefits of renewable energy sources.

通過以上的方法，相信你能在托福說明文閱讀中獲得更好的表現(xiàn),。保持積極的心態(tài),，持續(xù)努力，你將能夠克服這一挑戰(zhàn),，取得理想的成績,！??