托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試 9試達(dá)爾文進化論是許多考生在備考過程中常遇到的內(nèi)容,。本文將為您詳細(xì)解析達(dá)爾文的進化論及其在現(xiàn)代生物學(xué)中的應(yīng)用，幫助您更好地理解相關(guān)知識,，從而在托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氤煽儭?/p>

TOEFL Reading Classic Test 9: Darwin's Theory of Evolution

Darwin's concept of natural selection was originally thought to require a long time for evolution to be validated. However, recent studies have provided two relatively short examples that support this theory.

In the introduction, Darwin believed that natural selection occurs too slowly for humans to witness it directly. Nevertheless, modern findings show that certain species can evolve in a much shorter timeframe, allowing scientists to observe these changes. The article presents a hypothesis about the relationship between environmental conditions and species survival, supported by a study on a fish species.

The first example involves guppies, which exhibit different characteristics when living in pools with varying predator densities. In environments with many predators, guppies tend to reproduce more quickly and grow larger offspring. When transferred to a pool with fewer predators, their reproductive rates decline, and they produce fewer but larger eggs. This experiment lasted 11 years and demonstrated how environmental factors influence evolutionary traits.

The second example discusses finches and their beak sizes in response to drought conditions. During a severe drought, larger seeds became prevalent, leading to a higher mortality rate among birds with smaller beaks, as they could not access the food source. Conversely, those with larger beaks survived and reproduced, resulting in subsequent generations with larger beaks. When rainfall returned, the seed availability changed again, affecting beak size.

Key Points:

• 1. Darwin's belief that evolution is slow is challenged by modern observations.
• 2. The guppy experiment highlights how environmental conditions directly impact reproductive strategies.
• 3. Finch studies illustrate adaptive traits in response to changing food sources.
• 4. Natural selection can be observed in both short and long-term scenarios.

Common Questions:

1. Why did Darwin think natural selection required a long time? - Because he believed that evolutionary changes were not observable within a human lifespan.
2. What does "witness" mean in this context? - It means to observe.
3. What is the meaning of "offset"? - It refers to balancing effects.
4. What role does the guppy experiment play? - It serves as a demonstration of natural selection in action.
5. What is the significance of the finch study? - It shows how environmental changes can lead to rapid adaptations.

Answers:

• 1. a
• 2. a
• 3. d
• 4. a
• 5. c
• 6. b
• 7. c
• 8. a
• 9. a
• 10. b
• 11. a
• 12. b
• 13. b
• 14. a, c, d

以上是對托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試 9試達(dá)爾文進化論的詳細(xì)分析和解讀,。希望這些信息能夠幫助您在備考過程中更好地理解達(dá)爾文的理論與其實際應(yīng)用。祝愿所有考生在托?？荚囍腥〉脙?yōu)異成績,！

對于許多托福考生來說,，托福閱讀加試是一個不可忽視的部分,。雖然加試的內(nèi)容并不計入最終成績,，但它的重要性在于幫助考生熟悉考試形式和提高應(yīng)試能力。本文將分享一些關(guān)于托福閱讀加試的經(jīng)驗和解析,，希望能夠為你的備考提供幫助,！??

首先,，了解加試的形式是非常必要的。托福閱讀加試通常會包含一篇額外的閱讀材料,，考生在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成。這篇材料與正式考試的文章風(fēng)格相似,，可能涉及不同的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,，如歷史、科學(xué),、文學(xué)等,。因此，考生在備考時應(yīng)當(dāng)廣泛閱讀各種類型的文章,，以提高自己的理解能力和詞匯量。

其次,，考生在閱讀時要注意以下幾點：
1. 理解主旨：每篇文章都有其中心思想,，考生應(yīng)努力找出作者的主要觀點。
2. 抓住細(xì)節(jié)：在回答細(xì)節(jié)題時,，仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)段落,，確保準(zhǔn)確理解信息。
3. 理清結(jié)構(gòu)：了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有助于快速找到答案,。例如,，許多文章采用“問題-解決”或“對比-對照”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

接下來,，我們來看一個閱讀范文及其相關(guān)題目。
Reading Passage:
“The impact of climate change on polar bears is profound. As the ice caps melt, polar bears are forced to travel greater distances to find food, leading to decreased survival rates.”
Questions:
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
2. How does climate change affect polar bears’ hunting behavior?”

在準(zhǔn)備這類題目時,，考生可以使用一些策略來提高答題效率,。比如,，先瀏覽問題，再快速掃讀文章,，這樣可以幫助你在閱讀過程中更有針對性地尋找信息,。此外，做好時間管理,，確保在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成所有題目,。?

對于詞匯的積累,，考生可以通過以下方式提升：
1. 制定詞匯表：每天學(xué)習(xí)一定數(shù)量的新單詞,，并進行復(fù)習(xí)。
2. 語境記憶：通過閱讀文章理解單詞的用法,，而不僅僅是死記硬背,。
3. 使用應(yīng)用程序：利用手機應(yīng)用進行詞匯練習(xí)，隨時隨地都能學(xué)習(xí),。

此外,，考生還可以關(guān)注一些新題和預(yù)測，例如近年來熱門話題如“renewable energy”和“social media impact”,，這些主題可能會在加試中出現(xiàn),。提前了解這些趨勢有助于考生在考試中更加從容應(yīng)對。

最后,，保持良好的心理狀態(tài)也是成功的關(guān)鍵,。在加試中,，盡量不要過于緊張，保持專注,，認(rèn)真閱讀每一部分內(nèi)容,。??

希望這些經(jīng)驗?zāi)軒椭秸趥淇纪懈５哪悖o論加試的結(jié)果如何,，重在過程,，努力去學(xué)習(xí)和提高自己，才能在未來的托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氲某煽?！祝你好運！??

對于準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨目忌鷣碚f，掌握閱讀部分的技巧是非常重要的,。尤其是涉及到“Darwin's Theory of Evolution”這樣的主題時,，了解如何高效地閱讀和理解相關(guān)內(nèi)容將大大提高你的分?jǐn)?shù)。本文將分享一些關(guān)于達(dá)爾文進化論的托福閱讀技巧,，希望能幫助你在考試中取得更好的成績,！??

1. 理解背景知識 ??

在閱讀與達(dá)爾文進化論相關(guān)的文章之前，了解一些基礎(chǔ)背景知識是非常有幫助的,。例如,，知道達(dá)爾文提出的自然選擇理論及其對生物學(xué)的影響，可以幫助你更好地理解文章的主旨和細(xì)節(jié),。在托福閱讀中，常見的背景知識包括：

• Natural Selection
• Survival of the Fittest
• Adaptation

2. 注意關(guān)鍵詞 ??

在閱讀過程中,，注意文章中的關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助你抓住主要信息。例如,，以下是一些可能出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞：

• Evolution
• Species
• Genetic Variation
• Fossil Record

這些詞匯通常會在題目中被提及,，因此在閱讀時要特別留意。

3. 學(xué)會快速瀏覽 ??

托福閱讀時間有限,，因此快速瀏覽是一個重要的技巧,。在閱讀達(dá)爾文進化論相關(guān)的文章時，可以先快速掃視每一段的首句和末句,，這樣可以幫助你把握段落的主要思想。記住,，不必每個字都讀懂,，理解大意即可,。

4. 練習(xí)做題 ??

通過做過去的托福閱讀題目，你可以熟悉出題的方式和常見的考點,。以下是一個模擬題目,，你可以嘗試回答：

Sample Question: What is the main idea of Darwin's theory of evolution?

Answer Choices:

• A. All species are created equally.
• B. Species evolve over time through natural selection.
• C. Evolution is a random process.
• D. Humans are the most evolved species.

Correct Answer: B

5. 使用上下文線索 ??

在閱讀時，遇到不熟悉的單詞時,，不要慌張,。嘗試通過上下文來推測其意思,。這種方法不僅可以幫助你理解文章,，還能提升你的詞匯量,。例如,，如果文章提到“adaptation”并且描述了某種動物如何改變以適應(yīng)環(huán)境,，那么即使你不認(rèn)識這個詞,，你也可以推測它與“適應(yīng)”有關(guān),。

6. 注重細(xì)節(jié) ??

雖然抓住主旨很重要，但在托福閱讀中,，細(xì)節(jié)題同樣常見,。因此，在閱讀時要盡量記住一些具體的信息,，比如數(shù)據(jù),、例子和作者的觀點。這些細(xì)節(jié)往往會在后面的題目中被問到,。

7. 進行模擬測試 ?

最后,，建議你進行完整的模擬測試，以適應(yīng)考試的節(jié)奏和時間限制,。通過模擬測試,，你可以找到自己的弱點,，并加以改進,。確保在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)完成閱讀和答題,，這樣在真正的考試中才能保持冷靜,。

總之,，掌握以上技巧將有助于你在托福閱讀部分中更好地應(yīng)對與達(dá)爾文進化論相關(guān)的文章,。希望你在備考過程中能有所收獲，順利通過考試,！加油,！??

Preparing for the TOEFL reading section can be quite challenging, but familiarizing yourself with classic reading materials can significantly enhance your skills. Below are several recommended articles that have proven beneficial for many TOEFL test-takers. ??

1. “The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity”

This article discusses how climate change affects various species and ecosystems. It highlights the importance of biodiversity and the potential consequences of its loss. Key vocabulary includes:

• Biodiversity: The variety of life in the world or a particular habitat.
• Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Sample question: What is the main argument made by the author regarding biodiversity?

Reference answer: The author argues that biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability and resilience against climate change.

2. “The Evolution of Human Language”

This fascinating piece explores how language has developed over time and its significance in human society. It covers theories of language evolution and highlights the uniqueness of human communication. Important terms include:

• Syntax: The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.
• Phonetics: The study of sounds in human speech.

Sample question: According to the article, what role does syntax play in human language?

Reference answer: Syntax is essential for constructing meaningful sentences and facilitating complex communication.

3. “Technological Advancements in Medicine”

This article reviews recent innovations in medical technology, including telemedicine and robotic surgeries. It emphasizes how these advancements improve patient care and outcomes. Key vocabulary includes:

• Telemedicine: The remote diagnosis and treatment of patients through telecommunications technology.
• Robotic surgery: A surgical procedure performed using robotic systems.

Sample question: What benefits of telemedicine are highlighted in the article?

Reference answer: The article highlights improved access to healthcare and convenience for patients as primary benefits of telemedicine.

4. “The Role of Art in Society”

This insightful article examines how art influences culture and society. It discusses the power of art to provoke thought, inspire change, and foster community. Important terms include:

• Cultural expression: The way in which a culture expresses its values and beliefs through art.
• Social commentary: The act of using artistic work to comment on societal issues.

Sample question: How does the author describe the relationship between art and social change?

Reference answer: The author describes art as a catalyst for social change, providing a platform for voices that challenge the status quo.

5. “The Science of Happiness”

This article delves into psychological research on happiness, exploring factors that contribute to well-being. It presents findings from various studies and offers insights into achieving a fulfilling life. Key vocabulary includes:

• Well-being: The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.
• Positive psychology: A branch of psychology focused on the study of positive human functioning.

Sample question: What factors are identified as contributors to happiness in the article?

Reference answer: The article identifies relationships, gratitude, and mindfulness as key contributors to overall happiness.

Incorporating these articles into your study routine can help you become more comfortable with the types of texts you will encounter on the TOEFL reading section. Additionally, practicing comprehension questions based on these readings can further prepare you for the exam. Remember to focus on understanding the main ideas, supporting details, and the author's intent. Good luck! ??