在托福寫(xiě)作中,，語(yǔ)法的掌握對(duì)于提升分?jǐn)?shù)至關(guān)重要,。本文將為大家介紹“托福寫(xiě)作中語(yǔ)法的13條原則”，幫助考生們?cè)诳荚囍懈玫剡\(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí),，提升寫(xiě)作能力,。

1. 主題思想原則 (根據(jù)C部分預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)，重視主題)

A. 原詞回答(針對(duì)開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾問(wèn)題)

1) 開(kāi)頭原詞：本次主題,，當(dāng)前討論

2) 結(jié)尾原詞：下次主題,，后續(xù)內(nèi)容

B. Jerry十大信號(hào)詞

Part C開(kāi)頭題選項(xiàng)： the+信號(hào)詞+of sth。

C. 導(dǎo)語(yǔ)與首尾原則

1) 開(kāi)頭句型：

Let“s now focus on……

I”d like to begin today“s lecture by……

Today we”ll talk about/discuss/centre on……

Following our discussion last time,， we will discuss……

2) 結(jié)尾句型：

Next time we meet ,， we will discuss……

We will continue our discussion next time……

Finally,， at last， all in all,， in short,， in a nut shell

2. 順序?qū)?yīng)原則 (關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)題：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),、人物)

3. 重復(fù)原則 (抓住高頻重復(fù)的詞匯作答)

4. 觀點(diǎn)原則

he + claim/ argue/ appointment/ maintain/ believe/ state +that……

in one“s opinion,， from his point of view

5. 建議原則

A. 注意段落結(jié)尾處的建議

B. 常見(jiàn)段落結(jié)尾的三種建議句型

1) Jerry十大常規(guī)建議句型

2) Just+動(dòng)原 (祈使句表建議)

3) maybe,， perhaps， probably引導(dǎo)的委婉建議

C. 建議句型的三種最新變化

1) if從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣表建議

2) 同B 3)

3) 同B 2)

6. 比較原則

as……as,， similar to,， different from， original,， compare to,， contrast

7. 因果原則

A. 段落開(kāi)頭幾句中的原因

B. 常用的因果關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)

Because， because of,， as a result of,， the reason is， consequently

8. 轉(zhuǎn)折原則 (Jerry十大轉(zhuǎn)折詞)

but,， however,， while， to be honest,， frankly

9. 強(qiáng)調(diào)原則

A. 語(yǔ)義強(qiáng)調(diào)(important,， emphasis， especially,， only)

1) 解釋性說(shuō)明

that is,， that means， which means,， that is to say,，

let”s put it this way， in other words

2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(老師套話)

just remember,， once again,， you should……， let me repeat,，

let me also point out,，

the first……is……， it is……that……,， make sure to do,， don“t forget

3) ad. 最高級(jí)表強(qiáng)調(diào)(most)

4) 結(jié)論性強(qiáng)調(diào)

In short， In conclusion,， All in all,， In a nut shell， Generally speaking,，

We may conclude that,， the conclusion that

B. 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)調(diào)

1) 重讀強(qiáng)調(diào)

2) 慢讀強(qiáng)調(diào)(聽(tīng)到什么選什么)

3) 停頓強(qiáng)調(diào)

C. 舉例強(qiáng)調(diào)(掌握例子所驗(yàn)證的理論)

D. (難詞后面的)解釋原則

Which means， that is to say,， in other words

10. 數(shù)字原則

A. 時(shí)間 (時(shí)間感覺(jué))： Jerry六組?？紩r(shí)間副詞

B. 頻率,、次數(shù)、數(shù)字及其修飾的概念

11. 人名原則

A. 職業(yè)

B. 貢獻(xiàn)

12. 自我原則 (陳述某人的觀點(diǎn),，必為考點(diǎn))

As far as I am concerned……

According to my understanding……

To my knowledge……

13. 承接原則 (平行結(jié)構(gòu))

firstly,， secondly， ……lastly

以上是“托福寫(xiě)作中語(yǔ)法的13條原則”的詳細(xì)介紹,，希望考生們?cè)趥淇歼^(guò)程中能夠靈活運(yùn)用這些原則,，從而提升自己的寫(xiě)作水平，取得理想的托福成績(jī),。

對(duì)于許多托?？忌鷣?lái)說(shuō)，寫(xiě)作部分可能是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的,。掌握語(yǔ)法技巧是提高寫(xiě)作分?jǐn)?shù)的關(guān)鍵之一,。在這篇文章中，我將分享一些實(shí)用的語(yǔ)法技巧,，幫助你在托福寫(xiě)作中取得更好的成績(jī)。??

1. 了解句子結(jié)構(gòu)

首先,，理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)非常重要,。英語(yǔ)句子通常由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)組成,。確保你的句子有一個(gè)明確的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),。例如：

“The study shows that students who practice regularly score higher on tests.”

在這個(gè)句子中，“The study”是主語(yǔ),，“shows”是謂語(yǔ),。這種清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你更有效地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。

2. 使用多樣的句型

在托福寫(xiě)作中,，使用多樣的句型可以使你的文章更加生動(dòng),。嘗試結(jié)合簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句和復(fù)雜句,。例如：

“Although many students prefer to study alone, group study can also be beneficial.”

這種句型的變化可以展示你的語(yǔ)言能力,，并增加文章的可讀性。

3. 注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致性

時(shí)態(tài)的一致性對(duì)于保持文章的連貫性至關(guān)重要,。如果你在一段中使用過(guò)去時(shí),，就不要突然轉(zhuǎn)換為現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：

“Many researchers found that early education impacts future success.”

在這個(gè)例子中,，過(guò)去時(shí)“found”和現(xiàn)在時(shí)“impacts”之間的切換會(huì)讓讀者感到困惑,。

4. 避免常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤

一些常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤包括主謂不一致、代詞使用不當(dāng)?shù)?。檢查你的句子,，確保主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致,。例如：

“The team is winning their games.”

這里的“team”是單數(shù)，但“their”是復(fù)數(shù),。應(yīng)改為“its”,。

5. 使用連接詞增強(qiáng)邏輯性

連接詞可以幫助你清晰地表達(dá)邏輯關(guān)系。使用“however”,、“moreover”,、“in addition”等詞匯，可以使你的論點(diǎn)更加有力,。例如：

“Moreover, regular exercise improves mental health.”

通過(guò)使用連接詞,，你可以讓你的文章更加流暢，邏輯更加清晰,。

6. 實(shí)踐與反饋

最后,，實(shí)踐是提高寫(xiě)作技能的關(guān)鍵。嘗試定期寫(xiě)作,，并請(qǐng)老師或同學(xué)給予反饋,。你可以選擇以下題目進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to work in a team than to work independently.”

在寫(xiě)作后，仔細(xì)檢查你的語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu),，尋找改進(jìn)的地方,。??

7. 參考范文

閱讀高分范文也是一種很好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。例如,，一篇關(guān)于教育的范文可以是：

“Education plays a crucial role in shaping an individual’s future. It not only provides knowledge but also develops critical thinking skills.”

通過(guò)分析這些范文,，你可以學(xué)習(xí)到如何有效組織文章和使用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法。

希望這些語(yǔ)法技巧能夠幫助你在托福寫(xiě)作中取得更好的成績(jī),。記住,，練習(xí)和不斷改進(jìn)是成功的關(guān)鍵！??

Common Grammar Mistakes in TOEFL Writing

As you prepare for the TOEFL exam, one of the most crucial sections to focus on is the writing portion. Many students encounter common grammar mistakes that can negatively impact their scores. Here, I will share some of these frequent errors and tips on how to avoid them. ??

1. Subject-Verb Agreement

One of the most common errors is the lack of agreement between the subject and the verb. Remember that singular subjects require singular verbs, while plural subjects need plural verbs. For example:

Incorrect: The list of items are on the table.

Correct: The list of items is on the table.

Always pay attention to the subject of your sentence, especially when it comes to phrases that may confuse you, like "a group of" or "a number of." ??

2. Misuse of Tenses

Another area where students often struggle is with verb tenses. It’s essential to maintain consistency throughout your writing. For instance:

Incorrect: Yesterday, I go to the store and buy some groceries.

Correct: Yesterday, I went to the store and bought some groceries.

Make sure to choose the correct tense based on the context of your sentence. If you are describing a past event, stick to past tense. ?

3. Sentence Fragments

A sentence fragment occurs when a group of words does not express a complete thought. This can happen when you have a dependent clause that is not connected to an independent clause. For example:

Incorrect: Although I studied hard.

Correct: Although I studied hard, I did not pass the exam.

To avoid fragments, ensure that every sentence has at least one independent clause. ??

4. Run-On Sentences

On the flip side, run-on sentences occur when two or more independent clauses are improperly joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunctions. For example:

Incorrect: I love reading I find it very relaxing.

Correct: I love reading; I find it very relaxing.

To fix run-ons, use commas, semicolons, or conjunctions to separate your ideas clearly. ??

5. Incorrect Use of Articles

Articles (a, an, the) can be tricky for many learners. A common mistake is using them incorrectly or omitting them altogether. For instance:

Incorrect: I want to be doctor.

Correct: I want to be a doctor.

Pay attention to whether you need a definite article (the) or an indefinite article (a/an) based on the noun you are describing. ??

6. Preposition Errors

Prepositions can also cause confusion. Many students misuse them or choose the wrong one. For example:

Incorrect: She is good in math.

Correct: She is good at math.

Familiarize yourself with common prepositional phrases to improve your accuracy. ??

7. Pronoun Reference Errors

Finally, be cautious with pronoun references. Ensure that your pronouns clearly refer back to a specific noun. For example:

Incorrect: When Sarah met Jessica, she was excited.

Correct: When Sarah met Jessica, Sarah was excited.

Clarifying your pronouns can help prevent confusion in your writing. ??

By being aware of these common grammar mistakes, you can enhance the clarity and effectiveness of your writing. Practice makes perfect, so take the time to review your essays for these errors before submitting them. Good luck with your TOEFL preparation! ??