在托福閱讀中,,長難句的理解往往是考生們的一大挑戰(zhàn),。面對復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu),很多考生可能會感到無從下手,。然而,,掌握邏輯關(guān)系能夠幫助你快速理清句子之間的聯(lián)系,從而提高閱讀理解能力,。在此,,我們將介紹四種常見的邏輯關(guān)系,幫助考生們在備考托福閱讀時更有效地運用這些技巧,。
1. 因果關(guān)系
因:because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with
果:so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly
因果關(guān)系不僅包括顯性的因果表達,,還包括隱性因果。例如:
隱性因果:
A. 導(dǎo)致(因-果):cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, push, stimulate, spark, fuel, produce, be responsible for
例如:“The increased pressures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.”
B. 由……而來(果-因):result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be related to, be attributable to
例如:“The extreme severity of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.”
C. 反映,,體現(xiàn)(果-因):reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show
D. 考慮到:given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to
E. 依賴于:rely on, depend on, resort to
F. 條件關(guān)系:when, once, as soon as, as long as
G. 分詞短語,,不定式做狀語:Failing in the final exam, she cried.
2. 對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
A. 對比:while, whereas, on the other hand
B. 轉(zhuǎn)折:but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however
對比與轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系在托福閱讀中非常重要,掌握這些詞匯能幫助考生快速理解句間的關(guān)系,。
3. 比較關(guān)系
A. 同級比較:as…as
B. 比較級:more…than, -er than, less…than
C. 變化:change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain
D. 差異:different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable
4. 否定關(guān)系
顯性否定:no, not, never, nor, none, neither
隱形否定:fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of
否定前綴:a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non-, un-
否定前綴是托福詞匯題中的常見考點,,掌握它們可以幫助考生理解生詞。
雙重否定:not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable
雙重否定在英語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),,理解這一點對提高閱讀理解能力至關(guān)重要,。
通過掌握以上四大邏輯關(guān)系,考生們可以在托福閱讀中更加游刃有余,。邏輯詞的運用不僅能幫助你理解句子,,還能讓你在遇到難題時迅速排除錯誤選項。因此,,在備考托福時,,務(wù)必重視邏輯詞的學(xué)習與應(yīng)用。
學(xué)會使用邏輯詞備戰(zhàn)托福閱讀,,能夠讓你在考試中事半功倍,。希望每位考生都能通過邏輯思維提高閱讀理解能力,順利取得理想的托福成績,!
Understanding TOEFL Reading Logic Vocabulary
As a TOEFL test taker, mastering reading comprehension is crucial for achieving a high score. One of the key elements in this section is understanding logical vocabulary. These words and phrases help connect ideas and clarify relationships between different parts of a text. In this article, we will explore some common logical vocabulary used in TOEFL reading passages and provide tips on how to effectively utilize them. ??
Common Logical Vocabulary
Here are some frequently encountered logical words and phrases that you might find in TOEFL reading passages:
Tips for Using Logical Vocabulary
To improve your comprehension and performance in the TOEFL reading section, consider the following strategies:
Sample Passage and Questions
Here’s a sample reading passage to illustrate how logical vocabulary is used:
"Recent studies indicate that urbanization has led to both economic growth and environmental challenges. Moreover, cities have become centers of innovation. However, the rapid expansion often strains resources and infrastructure. Consequently, city planners must balance development with sustainability."
Questions based on the passage might include:
Predicted Topics
When preparing for the TOEFL reading section, consider focusing on topics that frequently appear in past tests. Here are some predicted themes:
Final Thoughts
By familiarizing yourself with logical vocabulary and practicing its application, you can enhance your reading comprehension skills for the TOEFL exam. Remember, understanding the connections between ideas is just as important as grasping the content itself. Good luck with your preparation! ??
對于許多托??忌鷣碚f,閱讀理解部分常常是一個挑戰(zhàn),。為了幫助你更好地應(yīng)對這一部分,,本文將分享一些實用的技巧和策略,讓你在考試中游刃有余,。??
1. 理解題型
首先,,了解托福閱讀的題型是非常重要的,。一般來說,托福閱讀包括以下幾種主要題型:
了解每種題型后,,你可以針對性地進行練習。??
2. 提高閱讀速度
托福閱讀的時間限制使得提高閱讀速度變得尤為重要,。你可以通過以下方法來提升你的閱讀速度:
3. 做筆記與標記
在閱讀過程中,,適當做筆記和標記可以幫助你更好地理解和記憶文章內(nèi)容。你可以:
4. 熟悉學(xué)術(shù)英語
托福閱讀材料通常涉及學(xué)術(shù)性較強的內(nèi)容,,因此熟悉學(xué)術(shù)英語的表達方式是非常重要的,。你可以通過以下途徑提高自己的學(xué)術(shù)英語水平:
5. 模擬考試環(huán)境
最后,,模擬真實的考試環(huán)境可以幫助你緩解緊張情緒,并提高你的應(yīng)試能力,。你可以:
希望以上技巧能幫助你在托福閱讀理解部分取得更好的成績,。記住,持續(xù)的練習和良好的心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵,!??