在雅思閱讀中,，流程圖填空題是一種常見(jiàn)的題型，考生需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容填寫(xiě)合適的詞匯或短語(yǔ),。本文將圍繞“BAKELITE”這一主題,，為考生提供詳細(xì)的解析和示例。

BAKELITE

The birth of modern plastics

In 1907, a Belgian scientist named Leo Hendrick Baekeland, working in New York, invented and patented a groundbreaking synthetic material called ‘Bakelite’. This invention was crucial for technology and marked the beginning of the modern plastics industry.

The word ‘plastic’ is derived from the Greek term plassein, which means ‘to mould’. Plastics can be categorized into three types: natural, semi-synthetic (created through chemical reactions on natural substances), and fully synthetic, which are engineered from coal or oil. Some plastics are ‘thermoplastic’, meaning they can be reshaped when heated, while others are ‘thermosetting’, like eggs, which cannot return to their original form once set. Bakelite was the first completely synthetic thermosetting plastic.

The journey of modern plastics began with the creation of semi-synthetic thermoplastics in the mid-19th century. Several factors contributed to this development: significant advancements in chemistry, cultural shifts, and the urgent need for alternatives to dwindling luxury materials like tortoiseshell and ivory.

Baekeland's fascination with plastics started in 1885 during his studies in Belgium, where he researched phenolic resins, sticky substances formed when phenol reacts with aldehyde. He initially abandoned this topic but returned to it years later. By 1905, Baekeland had become wealthy from his invention of a new photographic paper. During his absence, progress had been made in plastic development, leading to the patenting of the first semi-synthetic thermosetting material suitable for industrial production. Baekeland’s key contribution was not merely discovering Bakelite but developing a method to control the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde, enabling commercial production. On July 13, 1907, he patented this preparation method, which remains relevant today.

The original patent detailed a three-stage process. First, phenol and formaldehyde were combined under vacuum in an egg-shaped kettle, resulting in a resin called Novalak, which became malleable when heated. After cooling, the resin hardened, was broken into pieces, and ground into powder. Fillers like wood flour and catalysts were added to enhance strength and moisture resistance. The mixture was then cooled again, ground a second time, producing raw Bakelite, ready for manufacturing. Finally, the heated Bakelite was poured into molds and subjected to high heat and pressure, permanently setting its shape.

True Question Analysis:

Long Sentence Practice:

1. In purely scientific terms, Baekeland's major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis.

Reference Translation: 從科學(xué)的角度看,，Baekeland對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的主要貢獻(xiàn)并不是他命名的材料的實(shí)際發(fā)現(xiàn),，而是控制苯酚與甲醛之間反應(yīng)的方法，從而使其能夠在商業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行制備,。

Key Points:

雅思閱讀流程圖填空技巧是很多雅思考生在備考過(guò)程中十分關(guān)注的一個(gè)話題,。流程圖填空題型通常要求考生根據(jù)閱讀材料中的信息來(lái)完成圖示，這不僅考驗(yàn)了考生的理解能力,，也考驗(yàn)了他們的細(xì)節(jié)捕捉能力,。本文將分享一些實(shí)用的技巧，幫助考生更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)這一題型,。

1. 理解流程圖的結(jié)構(gòu)???

在開(kāi)始做題之前,，首先要對(duì)流程圖的結(jié)構(gòu)有清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。流程圖通常由多個(gè)步驟組成,，每個(gè)步驟可能會(huì)有不同的輸入和輸出,。在閱讀材料中，考生需要找到與這些步驟相關(guān)的信息,。建議考生在閱讀之前,，先快速瀏覽一下流程圖，了解每個(gè)部分代表的內(nèi)容,。這種預(yù)先的了解能夠幫助考生在閱讀時(shí)更有針對(duì)性,。

2. 關(guān)鍵詞的提取??

在雅思閱讀中，關(guān)鍵詞的提取至關(guān)重要,。考生應(yīng)該在流程圖的每個(gè)空白處標(biāo)注出可能的關(guān)鍵詞,，并在閱讀材料時(shí)尋找這些關(guān)鍵詞的同義詞或相關(guān)信息,。例如，如果流程圖中提到的是“water filtration”,，那么在閱讀材料中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)“purification”或者“cleaning”等詞匯,。通過(guò)這種方式，考生能夠更快地定位到相關(guān)信息,。

3. 注意邏輯關(guān)系??

流程圖往往涉及到因果關(guān)系,、時(shí)間順序或其他邏輯關(guān)系。在閱讀時(shí),，考生需要特別留意這些關(guān)系,，以便正確理解信息的流動(dòng),。例如，如果一個(gè)步驟是“Add chemicals”,，那么下一個(gè)步驟很可能是“Remove impurities”,。理解這些邏輯關(guān)系可以幫助考生更準(zhǔn)確地填空。

4. 進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)測(cè)??

在閱讀前,，考生可以嘗試對(duì)流程圖中的空白部分進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),。這不僅能提高考生的推理能力，還能幫助他們?cè)陂喿x材料時(shí)更加專注于尋找相關(guān)信息,。比如,，在看到一個(gè)步驟是“Start process”，考生可以預(yù)測(cè)下一個(gè)步驟可能是“Prepare materials”或“Gather resources”,。這種預(yù)測(cè)能力在考試中非常有用,。

5. 多做練習(xí)??

最后，實(shí)踐是提升技能的最佳方式,?？忌梢酝ㄟ^(guò)做歷年真題和模擬題來(lái)熟悉流程圖填空題型。以下是一個(gè)練習(xí)示例：

Example Question:

Fill in the blanks in the flowchart below based on the reading passage.

Flowchart Steps:

• Step 1: __________ (Input)
• Step 2: __________ (Process)
• Step 3: __________ (Output)

Reading Passage Excerpt:

The process begins with gathering raw materials, which are then subjected to a series of treatments to remove impurities before the final product is obtained.

參考答案:

• Step 1: Gather raw materials
• Step 2: Subject to treatments
• Step 3: Obtain final product

通過(guò)以上的練習(xí),，考生可以逐步提高自己的解題能力和信心,。記得在練習(xí)后進(jìn)行自我評(píng)估，總結(jié)出自己在流程圖填空中的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱項(xiàng),。

總之,，掌握雅思閱讀流程圖填空技巧需要時(shí)間和耐心，但只要合理運(yùn)用上述策略,，考生一定能夠在考試中取得理想的成績(jī),。加油！??

Introduction to BAKELITE Material in IELTS Reading ??

As an IELTS candidate, familiarizing yourself with various materials and their applications can enhance your reading comprehension skills. One such material is BAKELITE, a synthetic polymer that holds significant historical and practical importance. Understanding its properties and uses can help you tackle related reading passages effectively.

What is BAKELITE? ??

BAKELITE is one of the first synthetic plastics, invented by Leo Baekeland in 1907. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin, which means it hardens permanently when heated. This unique property makes BAKELITE resistant to heat and electricity, making it suitable for various applications.

Applications of BAKELITE ??

BAKELITE's versatility is evident in its wide range of applications:

• Electrical Insulation: Due to its excellent insulating properties, BAKELITE is often used in electrical components like switches and sockets.
• Household Items: BAKELITE was popular for making kitchenware, such as utensils and handles, due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
• Automotive Industry: It is used in car parts like dashboards and knobs, contributing to both functionality and design.

Importance in IELTS Reading ??

In the IELTS reading section, you may encounter passages discussing materials like BAKELITE. Here are some tips on how to approach such texts:

• Skim for Keywords: Look for keywords related to materials, their properties, and applications. This will help you grasp the main ideas quickly.
• Understand Context: Pay attention to how BAKELITE is presented within the passage. Understanding its historical significance and modern relevance can provide context that aids comprehension.
• Practice with Sample Questions: Familiarize yourself with question types that may appear in relation to materials. For example:

Sample Question: What are the primary properties of BAKELITE that make it suitable for electrical insulation? ??

Answer: BAKELITE's resistance to heat and electricity makes it an ideal choice for electrical insulation applications.

New Topics and Predictions ??

As the IELTS exam evolves, new topics may emerge related to materials science. Candidates should be prepared for questions on:

• The environmental impact of synthetic materials like BAKELITE.
• Comparative advantages of traditional vs. synthetic materials.
• Innovations in material science and their implications for industries.

Enhancing Listening Skills ??

Listening practice is equally important. You might hear discussions about BAKELITE in lectures or conversations. Here’s a sample listening exercise:

Listening Text: “BAKELITE revolutionized the way we think about materials. Its durability and resistance to heat made it a favorite in the early 20th century, especially in the electrical and automotive industries.”

Question: Why was BAKELITE favored in the early 20th century? ??

Answer: BAKELITE was favored for its durability and resistance to heat, making it suitable for various applications.

Conclusion ??

Understanding materials like BAKELITE not only enriches your vocabulary but also prepares you for potential questions in the IELTS reading and listening sections. By practicing with sample texts and questions, you can improve your comprehension skills and boost your confidence for the exam ahead.

雅思閱讀填空題解題方法是雅思考試中一個(gè)重要的部分,，許多考生在面對(duì)這一類型的題目時(shí)感到困惑,。本文將分享一些實(shí)用的解題技巧，幫助你提高在這一部分的得分,。??

一,、了解填空題的類型

在雅思閱讀中，填空題主要分為兩種類型：“表格填空”和“段落填空”,。每種類型都有其特定的要求和格式,。例如，表格填空通常會(huì)提供一段信息和一個(gè)表格,，你需要根據(jù)信息填寫(xiě)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,。而段落填空則是在一段文字中缺少某些單詞，你需要從上下文中推斷出正確的答案。

二,、仔細(xì)閱讀題干

在開(kāi)始解答之前,，一定要仔細(xì)閱讀題干，了解所需填入的內(nèi)容類型,。注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1. 數(shù)量限制：有些題目會(huì)明確要求填入一個(gè)單詞或兩個(gè)單詞,，務(wù)必遵循這個(gè)要求。

2. 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)：填入的單詞需要與句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)相符,，例如,，如果句子需要一個(gè)名詞，就不要填動(dòng)詞,。??

三,、快速定位信息

在閱讀文章時(shí)，迅速找到與填空題相關(guān)的信息是關(guān)鍵,?？梢允褂靡韵路椒ǎ?br>

- 關(guān)鍵詞搜索：在題干中找出關(guān)鍵詞，然后在文章中進(jìn)行搜索,。

- 同義替換：雅思閱讀中常常會(huì)用同義詞替換原文中的詞匯,，因此要注意理解不同表達(dá)方式。??

四,、理解上下文

填空題的答案往往依賴于上下文的理解,。通過(guò)分析句子前后的內(nèi)容，可以更好地推斷出所需的單詞,。例如,，如果句子提到“the increase in temperature”，而后面又提到“causes melting”,，那么可以推斷出可能需要填入“ice”或“glaciers”,。

五、注意拼寫(xiě)和語(yǔ)法

在填寫(xiě)答案時(shí),，確保拼寫(xiě)正確且符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,。錯(cuò)誤的拼寫(xiě)會(huì)導(dǎo)致失分，因此建議在答題時(shí)留意自己的書(shū)寫(xiě),?？梢栽诰毩?xí)中多加注意，培養(yǎng)良好的拼寫(xiě)習(xí)慣,。??

六、練習(xí)與模擬測(cè)試

進(jìn)行大量的練習(xí)是提高填空題解題能力的有效方法,?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)以下途徑進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

- 真題練習(xí)：通過(guò)做雅思真題，熟悉考試的題型和難度,。

- 模擬測(cè)試：設(shè)置定時(shí)的模擬測(cè)試,，提升在壓力下的解題能力,。??

七、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)

在每次練習(xí)后,，花時(shí)間總結(jié)自己的錯(cuò)誤和不足之處,，記錄下哪些類型的填空題最容易出錯(cuò)，以及如何改進(jìn),。這種反思將有助于你在未來(lái)的考試中表現(xiàn)得更好,。

通過(guò)以上的技巧和方法，希望能幫助到每一位雅思考生在面對(duì)閱讀填空題時(shí)更加從容自信,。記住,，持續(xù)的練習(xí)和總結(jié)是提高成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵！??