托福閱讀加試是考生在備考過(guò)程中需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的部分，特別是經(jīng)典加試,。本文將為大家介紹托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試第8篇“鳥(niǎo)鳴”的內(nèi)容,，希望能幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對(duì)考試。

TOEFL Reading Classic Section 8: Bird Songs

Version One:

The article investigates whether the ability of birds to sing is inherited genetically or learned through experience, and it presents three experiments that yield different conclusions.

1. Overview: While all birds can sing, their melodies and tunes vary significantly. To explore whether their singing skills are a) genetically inherited or b) acquired through environmental factors, researchers have conducted numerous experiments.

2. In Experiment One, how did researchers treat the young chaffinch? Researchers first took a newly hatched chaffinch away from its nest, isolating it from other adult chaffinches so it could not hear their songs.

3. What were the results of Experiment One? The chaffinch still sang a song, but its melody exhibited regional variations, was simple, and disconnected. This demonstrated that the chaffinch has an innate ability to sing.

4. Was the white-necked crow isolated in Experiment Two? Researchers isolated a newly hatched white-necked crow from adult birds, preventing it from hearing their songs.

5. How did the white-necked crow learn to sing? During the first three months, before developing its own song, the young crow listened to recordings of other birds singing. It quickly learned the dialect from the recordings.

6. What were the findings of Experiment Two? The dialect of the white-necked crow was not genetically predetermined; rather, it was heavily influenced by its environment. Additionally, after four months, it could only sing its own tune and was unreceptive to new recordings, indicating that there is a time limit on learning.

7. Vocabulary: unreceptive - unable to accept.

8. What was the focus of Experiment Three? Another bird starting with 'F' was tested. It was found that if these birds did not hear their own sounds, they could only produce fragmented syllables and could not form complete songs. They must hear their own vocalizations to sing properly.

9. Vocabulary: ultimately - finally.

10. Vocabulary: reinforce - to strengthen.

11. Vocabulary: proliferate - to reproduce rapidly.

12. Vocabulary: superb - excellent.

13. Vocabulary: optimal - best.

14. Vocabulary: blur - to make unclear.

Version Two:

Although all birds can sing, their melodies and tunes differ greatly. To investigate whether their singing abilities are genetically inherited or learned, researchers have conducted various experiments focusing on chaffinch and North American white X crow (X may refer to necked, winged, billed, etc.) chicks.

In Experiment One, researchers isolated a newly hatched chaffinch from its nest and other adult chaffinches, preventing it from hearing their songs. After three months, when the male was ready to court, it was returned to nature to observe its song. The results showed that the chaffinch still sang, though its melody exhibited variations and was simplistic and disconnected, confirming its innate singing ability.

In Experiment Two, a newly hatched white X crow was isolated similarly. During the first three months, it listened to recordings of other birds singing before developing its own song. It quickly adapted its tune to match the recordings. This study indicated that its dialect was largely influenced by environmental factors rather than genetics. Furthermore, after four months, it could only sing its own tune and was unreceptive to new recordings, highlighting the time constraints of learning.

In Experiment Three, another bird beginning with 'F' was studied. It was observed that if these birds did not hear their own sounds, they could only produce fragmented syllables and could not create complete songs. Hearing their own vocalizations was essential for proper singing.

For vocabulary practice: ultimately, reinforce, proliferate/proliferation, superb, optimal, blur.

The final question is quite challenging! It consists of three columns:

①What chaffinch can do that sparrow cannot.

②What sparrow can do that chaffinch cannot.

③What neither can do.

以上就是關(guān)于托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試第8篇“鳥(niǎo)鳴”的詳細(xì)解析,，希望考生們能夠從中獲得啟發(fā),，提升自己的備考效率，順利通過(guò)托?？荚?，取得理想的成績(jī)。

對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨目忌鷣?lái)說(shuō),，托福閱讀加試是一個(gè)不可忽視的部分。盡管它不是計(jì)入總分,，但它對(duì)考生的整體備考策略有著重要影響,。在這篇文章中，我將分享一些有效的技巧和經(jīng)驗(yàn),，幫助你更好地應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀加試,。

1. 了解加試的形式 ??

托福閱讀加試通常包含一篇額外的閱讀文章，考生在完成正式閱讀部分后會(huì)遇到,。加試的文章與正式部分相似,，通常涉及學(xué)術(shù)性話(huà)題。因此,，熟悉加試的形式和內(nèi)容是非常重要的,。

2. 提高閱讀速度 ??

在托福閱讀中，時(shí)間管理至關(guān)重要,。練習(xí)快速閱讀可以幫助你在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)獲取更多信息,。建議每天進(jìn)行一定量的閱讀訓(xùn)練，逐漸提高你的閱讀速度和理解能力,。你可以選擇一些學(xué)術(shù)文章或英文新聞來(lái)練習(xí),。

3. 學(xué)會(huì)抓住關(guān)鍵詞 ??

在閱讀時(shí)，注意尋找關(guān)鍵詞和短語(yǔ),，這些往往是問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵所在,。通過(guò)關(guān)注標(biāo)題、段落首句和結(jié)尾句,，你可以快速把握文章的主旨,。此外，記下每段的主題句也能幫助你在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)更快找到相關(guān)信息,。

4. 熟悉不同題型 ??

托福閱讀加試中的題型通常包括：

• Detail Questions
• Inference Questions
• Vocabulary Questions
• Sentence Insertion Questions

了解每種題型的特點(diǎn)和解答技巧,，可以幫助你在考試中更有效地作答。例如,，對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題,，要回到文章中找到具體的句子,；而推理題則需要結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行分析,。

5. 做好筆記 ??

在閱讀時(shí)，做簡(jiǎn)要的筆記可以幫助你更好地理解和記憶文章內(nèi)容,。你可以使用縮寫(xiě)和符號(hào)來(lái)提高記錄的速度,。同時(shí),，筆記也可以在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)提供參考，減少回頭查找的時(shí)間,。

6. 模擬考試環(huán)境 ??

在備考過(guò)程中，模擬真實(shí)的考試環(huán)境是非常有幫助的,。你可以定時(shí)完成幾篇閱讀理解，按照實(shí)際考試的時(shí)間限制來(lái)練習(xí),。這樣不僅能夠提高你的時(shí)間管理能力，還能讓你適應(yīng)考試的緊張氛圍,。

7. 復(fù)習(xí)錯(cuò)誤 ?

在練習(xí)之后,，認(rèn)真分析自己的錯(cuò)誤是提高的關(guān)鍵。找出錯(cuò)題的原因,，無(wú)論是理解錯(cuò)誤還是粗心大意，及時(shí)調(diào)整自己的學(xué)習(xí)策略,?？梢钥紤]整理一個(gè)錯(cuò)題本，定期復(fù)習(xí),，確保類(lèi)似錯(cuò)誤不再發(fā)生,。

8. 保持積極心態(tài) ??

最后，保持積極的心態(tài)非常重要,。即使面對(duì)加試的壓力,，也要相信自己的能力,。適當(dāng)?shù)姆潘珊托菹⒖梢詭椭阍诳荚囍邪l(fā)揮得更好,。記住，加試只是一個(gè)額外的挑戰(zhàn),，不必過(guò)于焦慮,。

通過(guò)以上這些技巧，相信你在托福閱讀加試中會(huì)更加從容不迫,。祝你備考順利,，取得理想的成績(jī)！

在準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨倪^(guò)程中,，許多考生對(duì)“托福鳥(niǎo)鳴”這一話(huà)題感到困惑。今天,，我將分享一些關(guān)于如何解析和應(yīng)對(duì)與“鳥(niǎo)鳴”相關(guān)的文章和聽(tīng)力材料的經(jīng)驗(yàn),，希望能幫助你更好地準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚒??

一,、理解題目和主題

當(dāng)你遇到與“鳥(niǎo)鳴”相關(guān)的托福閱讀或聽(tīng)力材料時(shí),，首先要明確題目中的關(guān)鍵詞。例如,，假設(shè)題目為：“What is the significance of bird songs in nature?” 這個(gè)問(wèn)題要求你關(guān)注鳥(niǎo)鳴的生態(tài)意義,。??

二、分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)

在閱讀文章時(shí),，注意其結(jié)構(gòu)通常包括引言,、主體和結(jié)論。引言部分可能會(huì)介紹鳥(niǎo)鳴的基本概念,，而主體部分則會(huì)深入探討鳥(niǎo)鳴的功能,，如吸引配偶,、領(lǐng)地宣示等,。在結(jié)論中，作者可能會(huì)總結(jié)鳥(niǎo)鳴對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性,。

三,、提取關(guān)鍵信息

在閱讀時(shí)，可以使用高亮筆標(biāo)記出關(guān)鍵句子和詞匯,。例如,，以下是一些可能出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞：

• Communication - 交流
• Mating - 求偶
• Territorial - 領(lǐng)土性
• Ecosystem - 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

這些詞匯不僅有助于理解文章內(nèi)容，也可能會(huì)在后續(xù)的選擇題中出現(xiàn),。??

四,、聽(tīng)力材料的應(yīng)對(duì)策略

在托福聽(tīng)力部分，關(guān)于鳥(niǎo)鳴的內(nèi)容可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在講座或?qū)υ?huà)中,。建議在聽(tīng)之前先瀏覽題目,，例如：“How do birds use songs to communicate?” 在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中，記下重要信息和細(xì)節(jié),，尤其是數(shù)字和例子,，因?yàn)檫@些往往是考點(diǎn)所在。??

五,、練習(xí)樣題

為了更好地掌握這一主題,，可以嘗試以下樣題：

• Reading Comprehension: “Discuss the various functions of bird songs as mentioned in the passage.”
• Listening Comprehension: “What examples does the speaker give to illustrate how birds use songs?”

通過(guò)練習(xí)這些樣題，你可以提高對(duì)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解能力,。??

六,、參考答案解析

在回答上述問(wèn)題時(shí)，可以參考以下答案：

• For the reading comprehension, you might say: “Bird songs serve multiple functions including attracting mates and establishing territory.”
• In response to the listening comprehension, a good answer could be: “The speaker mentions that certain species of birds sing at dawn to mark their territory.”

這樣的答案不僅清晰明了，還展示了你對(duì)文章或聽(tīng)力材料的深入理解,。??

七,、預(yù)測(cè)新題和話(huà)題

在備考過(guò)程中，可以關(guān)注一些與鳥(niǎo)鳴相關(guān)的新題和話(huà)題,。比如,，研究鳥(niǎo)鳴對(duì)環(huán)境變化的反應(yīng)，或鳥(niǎo)鳴在城市化進(jìn)程中的適應(yīng)性,。這些都是潛在的考點(diǎn),，值得深入研究。??

希望以上分享能幫助你在托?？荚囍懈玫貞?yīng)對(duì)與“鳥(niǎo)鳴”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,。通過(guò)不斷的練習(xí)和分析，相信你一定能夠取得理想的成績(jī),！加油,！??

對(duì)于每位準(zhǔn)備參加托福考試的考生來(lái)說(shuō),，閱讀理解部分是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié),。為了幫助大家更好地備考，以下是一些經(jīng)典閱讀材料推薦,，希望對(duì)你們有所幫助,！??

1. Academic Journals

學(xué)術(shù)期刊是提高閱讀理解能力的絕佳資源。推薦的期刊包括：

• Nature - 這是一本涵蓋自然科學(xué)的國(guó)際性期刊,，文章的語(yǔ)言較為正式,，非常適合提高專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯。
• National Geographic - 這本雜志以其豐富的圖文并茂的內(nèi)容著稱(chēng),，可以幫助考生在享受閱讀的同時(shí)提高理解能力,。

2. Online Resources

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供了豐富的閱讀材料，以下是一些推薦的網(wǎng)站：

• BBC News - 提供全球新聞,，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)潔明了,，有助于提高時(shí)事相關(guān)的閱讀能力。
• TED Talks - 雖然主要是視頻,，但許多演講都有文字稿,，適合練習(xí)聽(tīng)力和閱讀結(jié)合。

3. Practice Tests

通過(guò)做模擬測(cè)試來(lái)熟悉考試形式也是非常有效的方法,。可以參考以下材料：

• Official TOEFL iBT Tests - 這是ETS官方出版的模擬試卷,，包含真實(shí)的閱讀題目,。
• Kaplan’s TOEFL Prep Plus - 書(shū)中提供了大量的練習(xí)題和解答，幫助考生熟悉考試題型。

4. Sample Topics

以下是一些托福閱讀的常見(jiàn)話(huà)題,，可以作為練習(xí)的方向：

• Environmental Science - 例如,，articles discussing climate change and its effects.
• Cultural Studies - Such as the impact of globalization on local cultures.
• Technology - For instance, articles about the advancements in artificial intelligence.

5. Vocabulary Building

在閱讀過(guò)程中，積累詞匯是非常重要的,。以下是一些常見(jiàn)的托福詞匯：

• Analyze - to examine something in detail.
• Contribute - to give something (such as money, time, or effort) to help achieve or provide something.
• Significant - having meaning; important.

6. Recommended Reading Texts

以下是一些具體的閱讀文本推薦：

• “The Great Gatsby” by F. Scott Fitzgerald - A classic novel that explores themes of wealth and society.
• “A Brief History of Time” by Stephen Hawking - This book provides insights into complex scientific concepts in an accessible way.

7. Listening Practice

為了提高整體的語(yǔ)言能力,，建議結(jié)合聽(tīng)力練習(xí)?？梢赃x擇：

• Podcasts - 如 “Stuff You Should Know” 或 “Radiolab”,，這些節(jié)目?jī)?nèi)容豐富，能夠提升聽(tīng)力和理解能力,。
• Audiobooks - 聽(tīng)書(shū)是一種愉快的學(xué)習(xí)方式,，可以幫助你在享受故事的同時(shí)提高語(yǔ)言能力。

8. New Questions and Predictions

在備考過(guò)程中,，了解可能出現(xiàn)的新題型也很重要,。根據(jù)最近的趨勢(shì)，考生可以關(guān)注以下類(lèi)型的問(wèn)題：

• Inference Questions - These require you to read between the lines.
• Main Idea Questions - Focus on understanding the overall message of the passage.

希望以上的材料和建議能夠幫助到每一位托?？忌?，提升你的閱讀理解能力，祝你們?cè)诳荚囍腥〉脙?yōu)異的成績(jī),！??