Recent research has indicated that many young couples in the United States are hesitant to marry due to fears surrounding the potential trauma of divorce.

美國年輕情侶不愿意結(jié)婚的原因之一是對(duì)離婚可能帶來的創(chuàng)傷感到恐懼,。

With the rate of married adults in the U.S. at its lowest point in history, a study conducted by demographers from Cornell University and the University of Central Oklahoma sheds light on the reasons behind this trend: the fear of divorce is a significant factor.

當(dāng)前，美國已婚人士的比例降至歷史最低點(diǎn)，康奈爾大學(xué)與中央俄克拉荷馬大學(xué)的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家所做的研究揭示了這一趨勢背后的原因：離婚的恐懼是一個(gè)重要因素,。

The study revealed that over two-thirds of cohabiting couples expressed concerns regarding the social, legal, emotional, and financial repercussions of a possible divorce.

研究顯示，超過三分之二的同居情侶對(duì)離婚可能帶來的社會(huì),、法律,、情感和經(jīng)濟(jì)后果表示擔(dān)憂。

Published in the journal Family Relations, the study titled “The Specter of Divorce: Views from Working and Middle-Class Cohabitors” was co-authored by Sharon Sassler, a professor at Cornell, and Dela Kusi-Appouh, a doctoral student specializing in development sociology.

這項(xiàng)研究名為《離婚的陰霾：工人階層和中產(chǎn)階層同居者看婚姻》,，發(fā)表在《家庭關(guān)系》雜志上,，由康奈爾大學(xué)的政策分析與管理教授莎倫·薩斯勒和發(fā)展社會(huì)學(xué)方向的博士生德拉·庫西-阿坡共同撰寫。

Among the respondents, 67% shared their worries about the implications of divorce.

接受調(diào)查的參與者中,，有67%的人表達(dá)了對(duì)離婚影響的擔(dān)憂,。

Interestingly, middle-class individuals generally held a more positive view of marriage and considered cohabitation a natural progression towards it, unlike their working-class peers.

有趣的是，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的受訪者通常對(duì)婚姻持更積極的態(tài)度,，并將同居視為通往婚姻的自然進(jìn)程,，而工人階級(jí)的受訪者則不然。

Particularly among lower-income women, there was a pronounced concern about marriage being a “trap,” with fears that it might lead to increased domestic responsibilities without corresponding benefits.

尤其是在低收入女性中,，關(guān)于婚姻成為“牢籠”的擔(dān)憂尤為明顯,，她們害怕婚姻可能導(dǎo)致額外的家庭責(zé)任，卻沒有相應(yīng)的好處,。

The findings also indicated that working-class cohabiting couples often viewed marriage as “just a piece of paper,” feeling it did not significantly differ from their current relationship.

研究還表明,，工人階層的同居情侶常常將婚姻視為“只是一張紙”，認(rèn)為這與他們目前的關(guān)系并無太大區(qū)別,。

They were twice as likely to express fears of being trapped in a marriage, especially if they relied on their partner's income for survival.

如果依賴伴侶的收入來維持生計(jì),，他們對(duì)被困在婚姻中的恐懼感是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的兩倍。

The authors of the study hope that their insights can assist premarital counselors in addressing widespread fears of divorce and tailoring support to meet the needs of different socioeconomic groups.

作者希望他們的研究成果能夠幫助婚前咨詢師應(yīng)對(duì)人們普遍存在的離婚恐懼,，并根據(jù)不同社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)群體的需求進(jìn)行針對(duì)性指導(dǎo),。

綜上所述，這項(xiàng)研究為理解美國年輕情侶的婚姻觀提供了重要的背景資料，尤其是在面對(duì)離婚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí),，他們的心理和態(tài)度值得關(guān)注,。

在托福考試中,，了解這些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象和文化背景將有助于考生提升閱讀理解能力和寫作水平,。

In recent years, the concept of marriage in America has evolved significantly, reflecting changes in societal norms and individual values. For TOEFL candidates, understanding these shifts can be beneficial not only for the test but also for cultural awareness. ??

1. Historical Perspective

Traditionally, marriage in the United States was viewed as a lifelong commitment between a man and a woman, often influenced by religious beliefs. However, this perspective has shifted over time. In the past few decades, there has been a noticeable increase in the acceptance of various forms of relationships, such as cohabitation without marriage and same-sex marriages. This evolution indicates a broader acceptance of diverse lifestyles. ??

2. Changing Attitudes Towards Marriage

Many young Americans today view marriage as an option rather than a necessity. According to recent studies, a significant number of millennials and Generation Z individuals prioritize personal development and career goals over settling down. This shift suggests that marriage is no longer seen as the ultimate life goal but rather one of many paths individuals can take. ???

3. The Impact of Technology

Technology has also played a crucial role in shaping modern marriage views. Online dating apps have revolutionized how people meet and form relationships. These platforms allow individuals to connect with potential partners based on shared interests and values, which can lead to more compatible matches. Additionally, social media influences perceptions of relationships, often showcasing idealized versions of love and marriage. ??

4. Financial Considerations

Financial stability is another critical factor influencing marriage decisions. Many young adults are delaying marriage until they feel financially secure. This trend is partly due to the rising costs of living and student debt. As a result, couples may choose to live together before tying the knot, allowing them to share expenses and build a life together without the pressures of formal marriage. ??

5. Diverse Family Structures

The definition of family has also broadened in contemporary America. Blended families, single-parent households, and same-sex couples raising children are becoming increasingly common. This diversity reflects a more inclusive view of what constitutes a family unit, challenging traditional notions of marriage and parenthood. ???????????

6. Cultural Influences

Cultural background plays a significant role in shaping individuals' views on marriage. For instance, immigrant communities may hold onto traditional marriage customs, while younger generations may adopt more liberal attitudes. This blend of cultural influences creates a rich tapestry of beliefs surrounding marriage in America. ??

7. The Role of Education

Education is another important aspect affecting marriage views. Higher education levels often correlate with delayed marriage. Individuals pursuing advanced degrees may focus on their studies and careers first, leading to later marriage ages. Furthermore, educated individuals tend to have different expectations of marriage, often seeking partnerships based on equality and mutual respect. ??

In conclusion, the American perception of marriage is continuously evolving, influenced by historical shifts, technological advancements, financial considerations, and cultural backgrounds. For TOEFL candidates, recognizing these trends not only enhances language skills but also fosters a deeper understanding of societal dynamics. This knowledge can be invaluable in both academic and personal contexts.

對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備托福考試的考生來說,，閱讀部分是一個(gè)不可忽視的重要環(huán)節(jié),。通過合理的復(fù)習(xí)和練習(xí)，你可以有效提高自己的閱讀理解能力,。以下是一些關(guān)于托福閱讀素材的解析和經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享,，希望能幫助你更好地備考。

1. 理解托福閱讀結(jié)構(gòu) ??

托福閱讀通常包含三到四篇文章,，每篇文章約700-900詞,。這些文章涵蓋不同的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，如科學(xué),、歷史,、文學(xué)等。了解每種類型文章的特點(diǎn),，可以幫助你在閱讀時(shí)更快抓住重點(diǎn),。

2. 常見題型分析 ??

托福閱讀部分的題型主要有以下幾種：

• Main Idea Questions: 這些題目要求你找出文章的主旨或主題。通?？梢栽谖恼碌牡谝欢位蜃詈笠欢握业酱鸢?。
• Detail Questions: 這些題目關(guān)注文章中的具體細(xì)節(jié)，通常需要你仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)段落,。
• Inference Questions: 這類題目要求你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理,，答案往往不直接出現(xiàn)在文中。
• Vocabulary Questions: 這些題目測試你對(duì)特定單詞或短語的理解,，通常會(huì)給出上下文提示,。

3. 閱讀技巧與策略 ??

在備考過程中，掌握一些閱讀技巧是非常重要的：

• Skimming: 快速瀏覽文章,，抓住大意和結(jié)構(gòu),，特別是標(biāo)題和段落首句。
• Scanning: 針對(duì)特定信息進(jìn)行快速查找,，比如數(shù)字,、日期和專有名詞。
• Note-taking: 在閱讀時(shí)做簡要筆記,，幫助你記憶和理解文章內(nèi)容,。
• Practice Regularly: 定期做模擬題,，熟悉考試形式和時(shí)間限制。

4. 推薦的閱讀材料 ??

為了提高自己的閱讀能力,，考生可以參考以下材料：

• Academic Journals: 閱讀學(xué)術(shù)期刊可以幫助你熟悉專業(yè)術(shù)語和復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu),。
• News Articles: 關(guān)注國際新聞，提升對(duì)時(shí)事的理解,，同時(shí)練習(xí)快速閱讀,。
• TOEFL Practice Books: 使用官方的托福備考書籍，進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的練習(xí),。

5. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練與反饋 ??

在完成閱讀練習(xí)后,，及時(shí)檢查答案并分析錯(cuò)誤原因是非常重要的。以下是一個(gè)模擬題目供你練習(xí)：

Reading Passage:

“The process of photosynthesis is critical for life on Earth. Plants convert sunlight into energy, which they use to grow and produce oxygen.”

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer Choices:

• A. Plants need sunlight to grow.
• B. Photosynthesis is essential for life.
• C. Oxygen is produced by plants.
• D. Sunlight can be converted into energy.

Correct Answer: B. Photosynthesis is essential for life.

6. 心態(tài)調(diào)整與應(yīng)試技巧 ??

在考試過程中,，保持冷靜和專注是成功的關(guān)鍵,。建議考生在考試前進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)姆潘桑_保自己在最佳狀態(tài)下參加考試,。此外,，合理分配時(shí)間，確保每道題都有足夠的時(shí)間思考和回答,。

希望以上的閱讀素材解析能夠幫助你在托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氲某煽儯〖佑?！??

Cross-Cultural Views on Marriage

In today's globalized world, understanding cross-cultural marriage perspectives is essential, especially for students preparing for the TOEFL exam. ?? Different cultures have unique beliefs and traditions surrounding marriage, and recognizing these differences can enhance your communication skills and cultural awareness.

Cultural Differences in Marriage

Marriage is often viewed as a significant milestone in life, but the meaning and implications of marriage can vary widely across cultures. For instance, in many Western cultures, marriage is often seen as a romantic union based on love. ?? Couples typically choose their partners based on personal feelings rather than family arrangements. This perspective encourages individualism and personal choice.

In contrast, many Eastern cultures may prioritize family involvement in marriage decisions. In countries like India or China, arranged marriages are still quite common. Families play a crucial role in selecting partners, and the emphasis is often on compatibility of families rather than just the couple's feelings. This approach reflects a collective mindset, where familial bonds and societal expectations hold significant weight.

Marriage Rituals and Traditions

Each culture has its own unique rituals associated with marriage. For example, in Western weddings, it is common to have elaborate ceremonies with white dresses, floral arrangements, and a focus on the couple's love story. ?? On the other hand, traditional Chinese weddings might include a tea ceremony, where the couple serves tea to their elders as a sign of respect and gratitude. These rituals not only celebrate the union but also reinforce cultural values and heritage.

Challenges in Cross-Cultural Marriages

While cross-cultural marriages can be beautiful and enriching, they also come with challenges. Language barriers, differing family expectations, and cultural misunderstandings can create friction between partners. ??? It's crucial for couples in cross-cultural relationships to communicate openly and honestly about their backgrounds and expectations. This dialogue can help bridge gaps and foster mutual understanding.

For instance, one partner may expect certain traditions to be upheld during holidays or family gatherings, while the other may not be familiar with those customs. Finding a balance that respects both cultures can be a rewarding yet complex journey. Couples often need to negotiate their values and find common ground to create a harmonious relationship.

The Role of Education and Awareness

Education plays a vital role in fostering understanding in cross-cultural marriages. ?? Engaging in discussions about each other's cultures, attending workshops, or even learning a partner's native language can significantly enhance the relationship. This effort not only demonstrates commitment but also deepens the connection between partners.

Moreover, raising children in a cross-cultural environment presents an opportunity to instill a sense of appreciation for diversity. Parents can teach their children about both cultures, helping them develop a well-rounded worldview. ?? This exposure can prepare the next generation to navigate a multicultural society with confidence and respect.

Conclusion

In conclusion, cross-cultural marriage perspectives offer valuable insights into how love and partnership can transcend borders. As you prepare for the TOEFL, consider how these themes might appear in writing prompts or speaking tasks. For example:

• Writing Prompt: "Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-cultural marriages." ??
• Speaking Task: "Describe a traditional wedding ceremony from your culture." ??

By reflecting on these topics, you can enhance your understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity, an essential skill in today's interconnected world.