考托專業(yè)詞匯核心之地質(zhì)篇,，地質(zhì)學是托?？荚囍幸粋€重要的知識領域。掌握相關的專業(yè)詞匯將有助于考生在閱讀理解和聽力部分取得更好的成績,。以下是一些與地質(zhì)學相關的核心詞匯，供大家參考和學習,。

Geology Vocabulary

crust - 地殼

mantle - 地幔

core - 地核

continental crust - 大陸地殼

oceanic crust - 海洋地殼

layer / stratum - 地層

stratigraphy - 地層學

fault - 斷層

fault plane - 斷層面

fault zone - 斷層帶

rift / crack / split - 斷裂

disintegration / decomposition - 分解

erosion - 腐蝕

fossil - 化石

igneous rock - 火成巖

sedimentary rock - 沉積巖

metamorphic rock - 變質(zhì)巖

limestone - 石灰?guī)r

granite - 花崗巖

marble - 大理石

lithosphere - 巖石圈

magma / molten lava - 巖漿

quartz - 石英

mineral - 礦物

ore - 礦石

deposit - 礦床

rubble - 碎石

debris - 殘骸

platinum - 白金/鉑金

silver - 銀

copper - 黃銅

aluminum - 鋁

tin - 錫

lead - 鉛

zinc - 鋅

nickel - 鎳

mercury - 汞/水銀

sodium - 鈉

gem - 寶石

diamond - 鉆石

emerald - 綠寶石

ruby - 紅寶石

glacier - 冰川

glacial - 冰川的

glacial epoch / age / period - 冰川期

glacial drift - 冰漬

moraines - 冰磧

iceberg - 冰山

volcano - 火山

active volcano - 活火山

extinct volcano - 死火山

dormant volcano - 休眠火山

(sloping) shield volcano - 盾狀火山(平緩)

(steep-sided) cone volcano - 錐狀火山(陡峭)

eruption - 火山噴發(fā)

crater - 火山口

caldera - (開口較大的)火山口

depression - 洼地,，凹陷處;盆地

lava - 火山巖漿

volcanic dust - 火山塵

volcanic ash - 火山灰

geyser - 間歇噴泉

hot spring - 溫泉

earthquake / quake / tremor / seism - 地震

seismic - 地震的

seismology - 地震學

magnitude - 震級

seismic intensity scale - 震烈度

seismic wave - 地震波

transverse wave - 橫波

longitudinal wave - 縱波

epicenter - 震中

epicentral distance - 震中距

aftershock - 余震

cataclysm - 災變

tsunami / tidal force - 海嘯

undersea landslide - 海底山崩

melt global warming - 全球逐漸變暖

aquifer - 蓄水層

swamp - 沼澤

peat bog - 泥炭沼澤

Great Canyon - 大峽谷

Nile River - 尼羅河

Colorado River - 科羅拉多河

crumples zones - 地質(zhì)緩沖地帶

bedrock - 巖床

bulge - 凸起物

通過對以上地質(zhì)學詞匯的學習，考生可以提升自己的專業(yè)術語理解能力,，從而在托?？荚囍懈佑稳杏杏唷ＯＭ@些詞匯能幫助到大家,，祝愿每位考生都能取得優(yōu)異的成績,！

Preparing for the TOEFL can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to mastering specialized vocabulary in fields like geology. Understanding key terms not only helps you in the reading section but also enhances your ability to comprehend lectures and write essays. Here are some essential geology-related vocabulary words and tips to help you excel in the TOEFL exam. ??

1. Essential Vocabulary Words

• Strata: Layers of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish them from other layers.
• Erosion: The process by which natural forces like water, wind, or ice wear away rocks and soil.
• Fossils: Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms, often found in sedimentary rocks.
• Magma: Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface that can form igneous rocks when cooled.
• Tectonic Plates: Massive slabs of the Earth’s lithosphere that move and interact at their boundaries, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity.

2. Tips for Learning Geology Vocabulary

To effectively learn these terms, consider the following strategies:

• Flashcards: Create flashcards with the word on one side and its definition and an example sentence on the other. This method aids in memorization and recall.
• Visual Aids: Use diagrams and images that relate to geological processes. Associating words with visuals can enhance your understanding.
• Practice in Context: Read articles or textbooks related to geology. Try to identify the vocabulary words in context, which will help reinforce their meanings.
• Group Study: Join a study group with fellow TOEFL candidates. Discussing terms and concepts can deepen your understanding and make learning more engaging.

3. Sample Reading Passage

Here’s a short reading passage that includes some of the vocabulary words:

The Earth’s crust is composed of various strata, each representing different geological periods. Over millions of years, erosion has shaped the landscape, revealing layers of fossils that provide insight into past life forms. Beneath the surface, magma can accumulate, leading to volcanic eruptions when pressure builds. The movement of tectonic plates plays a significant role in shaping the Earth's features, causing both destruction and creation.

4. Writing Practice

When preparing for the writing section, practice using geology vocabulary in your essays. Here’s a sample prompt:

Discuss the impact of erosion on geological formations. Provide examples and use relevant vocabulary.

Here’s a brief outline to help you structure your response:

• Introduction: Define erosion and its significance in geology.
• Body Paragraph 1: Explain how erosion affects rock layers (strata).
• Body Paragraph 2: Provide examples of famous geological formations shaped by erosion.
• Conclusion: Summarize the importance of understanding erosion in the study of geology.

5. Listening Practice

Improving your listening skills is crucial for the TOEFL. Here’s a sample listening text:

“Today we will explore the concept of tectonic plates. These massive slabs float on the semi-fluid layer of the mantle. The interactions at their boundaries can lead to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Understanding this process is vital for predicting geological hazards.”

6. Additional Resources

Consider using online platforms like Quizlet for vocabulary practice or watching educational videos on YouTube that cover geology topics. Engaging with multiple resources can help solidify your understanding and prepare you for the exam. ??

By incorporating these geology vocabulary words into your study routine, you’ll find yourself better equipped to tackle the TOEFL exam. Remember, consistency is key! Good luck! ??

Preparing for the TOEFL exam can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to mastering specialized vocabulary. For students focusing on geology, having a solid grasp of relevant terminology is crucial. In this article, we will explore a TOEFL Geology Vocabulary List that can help you excel in both the reading and listening sections of the test. ??

Key Geology Terms:

• Sediment: Particles of organic or inorganic matter that accumulate in a loose, unconsolidated form.
• Erosion: The process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by natural processes such as wind or water flow.
• Lithification: The process through which sediments compact under pressure and gradually become solid rock.
• Plate Tectonics: The theory explaining the movement of the Earth's plates and how they interact with each other.
• Fossil: The preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms, often found in sedimentary rocks.

Understanding these terms will not only aid your comprehension but also enhance your ability to express complex ideas during the speaking and writing sections. Here’s a sample question you might encounter:

Sample Question: Describe the process of erosion and its impact on geological formations. Provide examples to support your answer.

Your response could look like this:

Sample Answer: Erosion is a natural process that involves the removal of soil and rock from one location to another. This process can significantly alter geological formations over time. For instance, rivers can erode their banks, creating valleys, while glaciers can carve out landscapes, forming features like fjords. An example of erosion's impact is the Grand Canyon, which was formed primarily through the erosive forces of the Colorado River. ??

In addition to vocabulary, practicing your listening skills is equally important. You might hear a lecture about geological processes. Here’s a potential listening text:

Listening Text Example: "Today, we will discuss the concept of plate tectonics. This theory posits that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle. The interactions between these plates can lead to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountain ranges. Understanding these processes is vital for predicting geological events." ??

After listening, you may be asked:

Listening Comprehension Question: What are the consequences of plate tectonics mentioned in the lecture?

A good answer would include points like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, demonstrating your understanding of the material. ??

Tips for Mastering Geology Vocabulary:

• Create Flashcards: Write down the term on one side and its definition on the other. This method helps reinforce your memory.
• Use the Words in Context: Try to incorporate new vocabulary into your daily conversations or writing exercises. This practice will help solidify your understanding.
• Engage with Multimedia Resources: Watch documentaries or read articles related to geology. This exposure will familiarize you with how these terms are used in real-world contexts.

As you prepare for the TOEFL, remember that consistent practice and exposure to geology-related materials will greatly benefit your performance. By focusing on specialized vocabulary, you’ll be better equipped to tackle both the reading and listening sections effectively. Good luck with your studies! ??

Preparing for the TOEFL can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to mastering subject-specific vocabulary. For students interested in geosciences, understanding geological terms is essential not only for the exam but also for future studies. In this article, we will explore some important geological vocabulary that can enhance your TOEFL performance and provide tips on how to effectively learn these terms. ??

1. Key Geological Vocabulary

Here are some crucial terms you should familiarize yourself with:

• Plate Tectonics: The theory explaining the movement of the Earth's plates and how they interact at their boundaries.
• Erosion: The process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by natural processes such as wind or water flow.
• Igneous Rock: A type of rock formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
• Metamorphic Rock: Rock that has undergone transformation due to heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids.
• Fossil: Remains or traces of ancient life preserved in rock.

2. Practice with Sample Questions

To help you prepare, here are some sample TOEFL questions related to geology:

Question 1: What is the main cause of plate tectonics?

Answer: The main cause of plate tectonics is the heat from the Earth's core, which creates convection currents in the mantle that drive the movement of tectonic plates.

Question 2: Describe the process of erosion and its effects on landscapes.

Answer: Erosion is the removal of soil and rock by natural forces, which can lead to the formation of valleys, cliffs, and other landscape features.

3. Tips for Learning Geological Vocabulary

Here are some effective strategies to help you learn and retain geological vocabulary:

• Flashcards: Create flashcards with the term on one side and its definition on the other. This method helps reinforce memory through repetition. ??
• Contextual Learning: Read articles or textbooks about geology to see how terms are used in context. This can help you understand their meanings better.
• Practice Writing: Write short essays or summaries using the new vocabulary. This will help solidify your understanding and improve your writing skills.
• Group Study: Join a study group where you can discuss geological concepts and quiz each other on vocabulary. Collaboration can enhance learning.

4. Listening and Reading Practice

In addition to vocabulary, practicing listening and reading comprehension is vital. Here’s a short reading text related to geology:

Reading Text: "The Earth's crust is divided into several large and small tectonic plates. These plates float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. Their movements can cause earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains." ???

After reading, consider the following question: What are the consequences of tectonic plate movement?

5. Incorporating Geology into Your Study Routine

Make geology a part of your daily study routine. Dedicate a few minutes each day to review geological terms, practice sample questions, and engage with relevant content. By integrating these activities into your schedule, you will find that your understanding deepens over time.

Learning geological vocabulary for the TOEFL is not just about memorizing words; it's about understanding concepts that will serve you well in your academic journey. By utilizing these strategies and resources, you can boost your confidence and performance on the exam. Good luck with your studies! ??