在托福閱讀中,，句子簡化題是一種比較耗時的題型,，考生需要用不同的表達(dá)方式來傳達(dá)與原句相同的意思,。為了幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對這一題型，本文將通過實(shí)例解析提供一些備考建議,。

TOEFL Reading Sentence Simplification: Cave Art in Europe

The paintings primarily depict animals. They are found on bare walls without any backgrounds or environmental elements. It is possible that, similar to many modern societies, Upper Paleolithic individuals thought that creating a human image could lead to harm or death. If this was indeed their belief, it could clarify why human figures are seldom shown in cave art. Another theory for the emphasis on animals suggests that these early humans aimed to enhance their hunting success. This idea is supported by signs of damage on the painted figures, possibly from spears thrown at them. However, if enhancing hunting luck was their main goal, it remains puzzling why only a few paintings exhibit evidence of being targeted. It's plausible that these artworks were motivated by a desire to boost the availability of animals. The peak of cave art appears to have occurred toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic era, coinciding with a decline in game herds. (Cave Art in Europe)

Q: Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A:○ Upper Paleolithic individuals, like many modern people, believed that drawing a human figure in their cave art could result in harm or death.

○ Many modern societies believe that depicting a human figure can lead to harm or death, which is why, similar to Upper Paleolithic people, they rarely represented human figures in their cave art.

○ If Upper Paleolithic individuals, akin to many contemporary societies, thought that illustrating a human figure could cause death or injury, this belief might account for the rarity of human figures in cave art.

○ Although many contemporary societies hold that drawing a human figure can lead to harm or death, researchers find it challenging to explain why Upper Paleolithic individuals seldom depicted human figures in their cave art.

TOEFL Reading Sentence Simplification Answer: 3

通過以上的分析和示例,，考生可以更好地理解如何應(yīng)對托福閱讀中的句子簡化題。掌握這些技巧,，將有助于提升你的閱讀理解能力和考試成績,。

Understanding European Cave Art

European cave art is a fascinating subject that provides insight into the lives of early humans. This art form, found in various caves across Europe, dates back to the Upper Paleolithic period. The most famous sites include Lascaux in France and Altamira in Spain. ???

Key Features of Cave Art:

• Imagery: The cave paintings often depict animals such as horses, bison, and deer, which were crucial for survival.
• Techniques: Artists used natural pigments and applied them using their hands or primitive tools. ??
• Purpose: While the exact purpose remains unclear, theories suggest these artworks may have been part of hunting rituals or spiritual practices.

The significance of these artworks extends beyond mere aesthetics. They offer a glimpse into the cognitive and cultural development of early humans. The presence of complex symbols and representations indicates advanced thinking and communication skills. ??

Reading Comprehension Tips:

• Focus on contextual clues within the passage to understand the main ideas.
• Identify key terms related to the topic, such as "Paleolithic," "rituals," and "imagery."
• Summarize each paragraph in your own words to enhance retention.

For TOEFL test-takers, understanding the context and details of passages about cave art can be crucial. Here’s a sample question you might encounter:

Sample Question:

What are some theories regarding the purpose of cave art?

Sample Answer:

One theory suggests that cave art was part of hunting rituals, while another posits that it had spiritual significance for early humans.

In addition, here are some vocabulary words that are often associated with this topic:

• Paleolithic
• Symbolism
• Anthropology
• Archaeology
• Ritual

As you prepare for the TOEFL, consider practicing with new questions related to cave art:

New Question:

How does cave art reflect the social structure of early human communities?

Predicted Topics:

• Comparison of cave art across different regions
• The role of animals in early human culture
• The evolution of artistic expression over time

Lastly, listening comprehension is also vital. You may hear discussions about cave art in the listening section. Pay attention to the details and main ideas presented. Here’s an example of what you might hear:

Listening Text:

“The cave paintings found in Lascaux are remarkable for their detail and use of color. Researchers believe these artworks were created over 17,000 years ago, showcasing the deep connection between early humans and their environment.” ??

By familiarizing yourself with these aspects of European cave art, you’ll enhance both your reading and listening skills, preparing you effectively for the TOEFL exam. Good luck! ??

在備戰(zhàn)托福考試的過程中,，閱讀部分往往是許多考生感到棘手的環(huán)節(jié),。為了提高閱讀理解能力，掌握句子簡化技巧顯得尤為重要,。本文將分享一些有效的句子簡化方法,，幫助你更好地理解托福閱讀材料。??

1. 理解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

在簡化句子之前,，首先需要了解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),。通常，一個句子由主語,、謂語和賓語構(gòu)成,。識別這些成分可以幫助你抓住句子的核心意思。例如：

Original Sentence: The rapid advancement of technology has significantly changed the way we communicate.

Simplified Version: Technology has changed how we communicate.

通過去掉一些修飾詞和細(xì)節(jié),，我們可以更清晰地理解句子的主旨,。

2. 去除不必要的修飾詞

在閱讀中，很多句子包含了大量的修飾詞,，這些詞雖然豐富了句子的表達(dá),，但往往會使句子變得復(fù)雜。學(xué)會去除這些不必要的修飾詞,，可以幫助你更快地抓住句子的中心思想,。例如：

Original Sentence: The incredibly talented musician performed a breathtakingly beautiful piece of music at the concert.

Simplified Version: The musician performed a beautiful piece of music.

在這個例子中,，我們?nèi)サ袅恕癷ncredibly talented”和“breathtakingly”，使句子更加簡潔明了,。

3. 使用同義詞替換復(fù)雜詞匯

有時候,，句子中的某些詞匯可能比較復(fù)雜，使用簡單的同義詞可以幫助我們理解句子的意思,。例如：

Original Sentence: The phenomenon of climate change poses a significant threat to biodiversity.

Simplified Version: Climate change is a big threat to wildlife.

這里,，我們用“big”替換了“significant”，用“wildlife”替換了“biodiversity”,，使句子更容易理解,。

4. 拆分長句

長句往往會讓人感到困惑，適當(dāng)拆分長句可以幫助我們更好地理解其含義,。例如：

Original Sentence: Although many people believe that exercise is essential for maintaining good health, there are still some who prefer a sedentary lifestyle.

Simplified Version: Many people think exercise is important for health. However, some prefer not to exercise.

拆分后,，信息更加清晰，易于理解,。

5. 關(guān)注連接詞的使用

連接詞在句子中起著重要的作用，它們幫助我們理解句子之間的關(guān)系,。在簡化句子時,，注意連接詞的使用，可以幫助你更好地理解句子的邏輯,。例如：

Original Sentence: Because the weather was bad, the event was postponed.

Simplified Version: The event was postponed due to bad weather.

這里，我們將因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行了簡化,，使句子更加直接,。

6. 多做練習(xí)

掌握句子簡化技巧需要不斷的練習(xí)。你可以通過以下方式進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

• 閱讀托福真題,，嘗試對句子進(jìn)行簡化,。
• 與同伴討論，互相分享簡化后的句子,。
• 參加在線模擬考試,，提升自己的閱讀能力。

通過以上方法,，逐步提高你的句子簡化能力,，從而增強(qiáng)閱讀理解水平。記住,，簡化句子并不是削弱內(nèi)容,，而是幫助我們更清晰地理解信息。??