托福聽力講座類話題學(xué)科詞匯分類整理：地理學(xué)/考古學(xué)詞匯羅列

在備戰(zhàn)托?？荚嚨倪^程中，掌握相關(guān)學(xué)科的詞匯是非常重要的,。本文將為考生提供一份關(guān)于地理學(xué)和考古學(xué)的專業(yè)詞匯分類整理,，幫助大家在聽力部分更好地理解相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

Geography Vocabulary

altitude - Height above sea level

Antarctic (Antarctica) - The continent surrounding the South Pole

Arctic - The region around the North Pole

basin - A natural depression in the surface of the land

canyon - A deep valley with steep sides

cavern (cave) - A large underground chamber

channel (strait) - A narrow body of water between two land masses

coastland - Areas near the coast

continent - One of the Earth's main landmasses

continental drift - The theory that continents move over geological time

continental island - An island that is part of a continental shelf

continental shelf - The submerged border of a continent

coral island - An island formed from coral reefs

elevation - The height of a place above sea level

equator - An imaginary line equidistant from the poles

evaporation - The process of turning from liquid into vapor

expedition - A journey undertaken for a specific purpose

fieldstone - Stones found in their natural state

formation - The process of being formed or shaped

frigid - Extremely cold temperatures

frost heaving - The upward movement of soil due to freezing

geographer - A person who studies geography

geography - The study of the Earth's physical features

horizon - The line where the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet

island - A piece of land surrounded by water

islet - A very small island

latitude - The distance north or south of the equator

longitude - The distance east or west of the prime meridian

lowland - An area of land that is lower than the surrounding land

meridian - A line of longitude

ocean bottom - The floor of the ocean

parallel - Lines of latitude

peninsular - Pertaining to a peninsula

plain - A large area of flat land

plateau - An area of high flat land

ranges - A series of mountains

remote-sensing - The acquisition of information from a distance

salinity - The amount of salt in water

sediment - Particles of organic or inorganic matter

subterranean - Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface

temperate latitudes - Regions between the tropics and polar circles

terrestrial heat - Heat from the Earth’s interior

terrestrial magnetism - The magnetic field of the Earth

temperate - Relating to moderate climate zones

terrain - The physical features of a tract of land

time zone - A region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time

topography - The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area

tropical - Relating to the tropics

tropics - Regions of Earth between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

valley - A low area of land between hills or mountains

volcanic island - An island formed by volcanic activity

Archaeology Vocabulary

ancestor - A person from whom one is descended

anthropologist - A scientist who studies human behavior

anthropology - The study of humans and human behavior

antique - An object that is old and valuable

antiquity - The ancient past, especially the period before the Middle Ages

archaeologist - A person who studies human history through excavation

archaeology - The study of ancient cultures through artifacts

artifact - An object made by a human being

Bronze Age - A historical period characterized by the use of bronze tools

cave man - A prehistoric human who lived in caves

clan - A group of related families

cluster - A group of similar things positioned closely together

cranial - Pertaining to the skull

Cultural relics - Objects from past cultures

dinosaur - A type of reptile that lived millions of years ago

ecological anthropologist - A specialist studying the relationship between humans and their environment

excavate - To dig out and remove earth

excavation - The act of digging up the ground to discover artifacts

fossil - Preserved remains of ancient organisms

hominid - A member of the biological family that includes humans

homogeneous - Of the same kind; alike

Iron Age - A historical period following the Bronze Age

Mesolithic - The middle part of the Stone Age

morphology - The study of the form and structure of organisms

Neolithic Age - The final stage of cultural evolution among prehistoric humans

Neolithic - Relating to the last phase of the Stone Age

origin - The point at which something begins

originate - To begin or arise from a source

paleoanthropologist - A scientist who studies ancient human species

paleoanthropology - The study of ancient humans and their relatives

Paleolithic Age - The earliest period of human culture

Paleolithic - Relating to the Old Stone Age

paleontology - The study of fossils and ancient life forms

prehistoric - Relating to the time before written records

psychological anthropologist - A specialist studying the psychological aspects of culture

relic - An object surviving from an earlier time

remains - The parts left over after something has been destroyed

rock painting - Ancient paintings on cave walls

ruins - The remains of a destroyed or decayed structure

skull - The bony structure of the head

Stone Age - The prehistoric period when stone tools were used

tribe - A social division in a traditional society

總結(jié)

以上整理的地理學(xué)和考古學(xué)詞匯將為托?？忌诼犃Σ糠值膶W(xué)習(xí)和備考提供極大的幫助,。掌握這些專業(yè)術(shù)語，將有助于提高聽力理解能力,，順利應(yīng)對托?？荚嚒?/p>

TOEFL Listening: Geography Vocabulary Tips for Test Takers

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering geography vocabulary can significantly enhance your listening comprehension skills. ?? Here are some essential tips and vocabulary that will help you excel in the listening section of the TOEFL exam.

Key Vocabulary Words

• Topography: The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
• Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
• Urbanization: The process by which rural areas become urbanized as a result of economic development.
• Climate Change: Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.
• Biodiversity: The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Listening Practice

To improve your listening skills, practice with audio materials related to geography. You can find podcasts, lectures, and documentaries that discuss geographical topics. ?? Here’s a sample listening exercise:

Listening Text: "The Amazon Rainforest is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. It covers over 5.5 million square kilometers and is home to millions of species of plants and animals. However, deforestation poses a significant threat to this vital ecosystem."

Questions:

1. What is the size of the Amazon Rainforest?
2. Why is deforestation a concern for the Amazon?

Reference Answers:

1. The Amazon Rainforest covers over 5.5 million square kilometers.
2. Deforestation poses a significant threat to the ecosystem.

Practice with Sample Questions

Familiarize yourself with the types of questions you might encounter in the TOEFL listening section. Here’s a sample question based on geography:

Question: "Listen to the following lecture about climate change and answer the question that follows."

New Question: How does climate change affect sea levels?

Predicted Answer: Climate change causes ice caps to melt, leading to rising sea levels.

Engaging with Geography Topics

While preparing for the TOEFL, engage with various geography-related topics. Read articles, watch videos, and participate in discussions that cover themes such as:

• Sustainable Development: Understanding how societies can grow while preserving the environment.
• Natural Disasters: Learning about earthquakes, hurricanes, and their impact on human populations.
• Cultural Geography: Exploring how culture shapes and is shaped by geographic environments.

Utilizing Resources

Make use of online resources and apps that focus on TOEFL preparation. Websites like ETS, Quizlet, and various YouTube channels offer valuable content that can help you understand geography vocabulary better. ??

Final Thoughts

Incorporating geography vocabulary into your study routine can greatly aid your performance on the TOEFL listening section. By practicing regularly and engaging with diverse materials, you will build a solid foundation that will serve you well on test day. Good luck! ??

在備戰(zhàn)托?？荚嚨倪^程中,，聽力部分常常讓許多考生感到困惑和挑戰(zhàn)。尤其是當(dāng)涉及到考古學(xué)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容時(shí),，理解復(fù)雜的專業(yè)術(shù)語和概念顯得尤為重要,。以下是一些實(shí)用的聽力技巧，希望能幫助你在托?？荚囍腥〉酶玫某煽?。

1. 熟悉考古學(xué)相關(guān)詞匯 ??

考古學(xué)的聽力材料通常包含許多專業(yè)術(shù)語，如“artifact”（文物）,、“excavation”（挖掘）和“stratigraphy”（地層學(xué)）,。建議考生提前準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)詞匯表，定期復(fù)習(xí)這些詞匯,。通過不斷接觸這些術(shù)語,，你會在聽力考試中更容易識別和理解它們。

2. 多聽相關(guān)材料 ??

為了提高聽力理解能力,，考生可以利用各種資源,，例如TED Talks、YouTube視頻和播客,，尋找與考古學(xué)相關(guān)的主題,。例如，收聽題目如“Ancient Civilizations and Their Artifacts”或“Recent Discoveries in Archaeology”可以幫助你熟悉聽力材料的風(fēng)格和內(nèi)容,。

3. 練習(xí)抓住關(guān)鍵詞 ??

在聽取講座或?qū)υ挄r(shí),，盡量抓住關(guān)鍵詞。這些關(guān)鍵詞通常是問題的答案或核心概念,。在聽力考試中,，考生需要快速識別出重要信息，避免被細(xì)節(jié)所干擾,。練習(xí)時(shí),，可以嘗試在聽的同時(shí)做筆記，記錄下你認(rèn)為重要的信息,。

4. 學(xué)會推測上下文 ??

有時(shí)候,，考生可能會遇到不熟悉的詞匯或短語。在這種情況下,，學(xué)會根據(jù)上下文推測其含義是非常重要的,。例如，在聽到“the excavation revealed a series of artifacts from the Bronze Age”時(shí),，即使不認(rèn)識“Bronze Age”,，也可以通過“artifacts”和“excavation”來推測出這是與歷史有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。

5. 模擬考試環(huán)境 ??

參加模擬考試可以幫助你適應(yīng)真實(shí)考試的壓力和節(jié)奏,?？梢允褂霉俜降耐懈Ｂ犃毩?xí)材料，設(shè)置時(shí)間限制,，模擬考試環(huán)境,。這樣可以提高你的自信心，并幫助你更好地管理時(shí)間,。

6. 復(fù)習(xí)錯(cuò)題 ??

在練習(xí)后,，認(rèn)真分析自己的錯(cuò)誤是非常重要的。找出錯(cuò)題的原因,，比如是因?yàn)槁牪欢硞€(gè)詞匯,，還是沒有抓住重點(diǎn)。通過復(fù)習(xí),，可以避免在未來的考試中犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤,。

7. 保持積極的心態(tài) ??

最后，保持積極的心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵,。聽力部分可能會讓人感到沮喪,，但要相信自己能夠克服這些困難。通過不斷的努力和練習(xí),，你一定能夠在托福聽力部分取得理想的成績,。

希望以上技巧能夠幫助你在托福考試中更自信地面對考古學(xué)的聽力材料,。祝你備考順利,，取得優(yōu)異的成績！