在托福寫作中，許多考生常常會因?yàn)橹惺接⒄Z而犯下各種語法錯誤。為了幫助大家更好地提升寫作能力，我們整理了一些常見的語法錯誤，希望大家在備考時能夠認(rèn)真對待,，避免在考試中出現(xiàn)這些失誤。

一.句子成分缺失

句子不完整是一個普遍問題,，很多考生不知道什么是完整的句子,。一個完整的句子至少需要有一個主語和一個謂語。例如：

“我愿意”=“I do”

這里的“I do”就是一個完整的句子,。若缺少主語或謂語,，句子則不完整。

a. 缺謂語

例如：The society develops rapidly. 這是一個完整的句子,。

錯誤示例：The society developing rapidly. 這個句子缺少謂語,。

正確寫法：The society develops rapidly. 或者 The society is developing rapidly.

b. 出現(xiàn)多個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

一個句子只能有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：“我干，他不干”的正確表達(dá)是：I do, but he does not. 常見錯誤寫法：I do, he does not. 這句話有兩個主語,，導(dǎo)致錯誤,。

正確寫法：Some people agree with the first statement. However, I disagree with it. 或者 Some people agree with the first statement, but I disagree with it.

二.主謂不一致

主謂不一致是考生們常犯的錯誤。在英語中,，不同的人稱動詞形式不同,。例如：

a. Intelligence leads to success.

錯誤示例：Intelligence lead to success.

b. The professor provides great opportunities for students to expand their horizons.

錯誤示例：The professor provide great opportunities for students…

三.平行結(jié)構(gòu)

使用逗號或連接詞（如：and，not only…but also…）連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)時,，左右兩邊的內(nèi)容需要保持形式一致,。例如：

a. Expensive handmade items are creative and artistic.

b. Working out and taking a rest are the best ways to maintain health.

錯誤示例：working out and take a rest… 這里的結(jié)構(gòu)不一致。

c. The media gives us information and tells us the truth.

錯誤示例：the media gives us information and telling us the truth.

以上是托福寫作中一些常見的語法錯誤,。除了上述問題外,，考生還需注意冠詞的使用及其他語法細(xì)節(jié)。希望大家在備考過程中認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí),，提高寫作水平,，避免這些常見錯誤。

As a TOEFL test taker, one of the most crucial aspects of your preparation is mastering grammar. Grammatical errors can significantly affect your writing score, so understanding common mistakes is essential. In this article, we will explore some typical grammar errors that students make in the TOEFL writing section and provide tips on how to avoid them. ??

1. Subject-Verb Agreement

One of the most frequent mistakes is the failure to ensure that the subject and verb agree in number. For instance, many students might write: "The list of items are on the table." This is incorrect because "list" is a singular noun, so it should be: "The list of items is on the table." Always identify whether your subject is singular or plural before choosing the correct verb form. ??

2. Verb Tense Consistency

Maintaining consistent verb tense throughout your essay is vital. Switching tenses can confuse the reader. For example, consider the sentence: "She was walking to the store and sees her friend." The correct form should be: "She was walking to the store and saw her friend." Make sure to keep your tenses aligned to maintain clarity. ??

3. Misuse of Articles

Articles (a, an, the) can be tricky for many non-native speakers. A common error is omitting articles when they are necessary. For example: "He is teacher." should be corrected to: "He is a teacher." Additionally, remember that "the" is used for specific nouns, while "a" or "an" is used for general ones. Understanding when to use each type of article will enhance your writing significantly. ??

4. Sentence Fragments

Sentence fragments occur when a group of words does not express a complete thought. For instance: "Although I studied hard." This is incomplete. A complete sentence would be: "Although I studied hard, I did not pass the exam." Ensure that every sentence has a subject and a verb to avoid fragments. ??

5. Run-On Sentences

On the other hand, run-on sentences occur when two or more independent clauses are joined without proper punctuation. For example: "I love to read I find it very relaxing." This should be corrected to: "I love to read, and I find it very relaxing." Using conjunctions or punctuation correctly can help you create clear and concise sentences. ???♂?

6. Incorrect Pronoun Usage

Using pronouns incorrectly can lead to confusion about what or whom you are referring to. For example: "Every student must submit their homework on time." While this is commonly accepted in informal writing, a more formal approach would be: "Every student must submit his or her homework on time." Pay attention to the antecedent of your pronouns to ensure clarity. ??

7. Lack of Parallel Structure

When listing items or actions, maintaining parallel structure is essential. For example: "I enjoy reading, to swim, and biking." This should be: "I enjoy reading, swimming, and biking." Ensure that all elements in a list share the same grammatical form for better readability. ??

8. Commonly Confused Words

Words like "affect" and "effect," or "their," "there," and "they're" often confuse students. It’s crucial to understand the meanings and uses of these words. For instance, "The weather will affect our plans." versus "The effect of the weather on our plans is significant." Familiarize yourself with commonly confused words to avoid mistakes. ??

In conclusion, being aware of these common grammar errors can significantly improve your TOEFL writing score. Practice makes perfect, so continually revise your work and seek feedback. Remember, clarity and correctness are key to effective communication. Good luck with your TOEFL preparation! ??

對于準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨目忌鷣碚f,，寫作部分常常是一個挑戰(zhàn)。掌握一些有效的寫作技巧與注意事項(xiàng),，可以幫助你在這一部分取得更好的成績,。以下是一些實(shí)用的建議和經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享,，希望能對你有所幫助,！??

1. 理解題目要求

在開始寫作之前,，確保你完全理解題目的要求,。通常,，托福寫作分為兩部分：Integrated Writing 和 Independent Writing,。對于 Integrated Writing，你需要在閱讀一段文本和聽一段講座后進(jìn)行寫作,；而 Independent Writing 則要求你根據(jù)給定的話題表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),。仔細(xì)閱讀題目，劃出關(guān)鍵詞，有助于明確你的寫作方向,。

2. 制定清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)

良好的結(jié)構(gòu)是成功的關(guān)鍵,。一般來說,，托福寫作 的基本結(jié)構(gòu)包括引言,、主體段落和結(jié)論,。在引言中簡要介紹你的觀點(diǎn)；主體段落中每一段專注于一個主要論點(diǎn),，并使用例證支持你的觀點(diǎn),；最后，在結(jié)論中重申你的觀點(diǎn)并總結(jié)主要論點(diǎn),。這樣可以使你的文章邏輯清晰，易于理解,。

3. 使用多樣的詞匯和句型

為了提高你的寫作評分,，盡量使用豐富的詞匯和多樣的句型,。避免重復(fù)使用相同的詞匯，可以嘗試替換成同義詞,。例如，使用 "beneficial" 替代 "good",，或 "significant" 替代 "important"。此外,，使用不同的句型,，如復(fù)合句和復(fù)雜句,，可以展示你的語言能力,。??

4. 練習(xí)時間管理

托福寫作的時間有限,，因此練習(xí)時間管理非常重要。建議在家模擬考試環(huán)境,，設(shè)置定時器，限制自己在每個部分的寫作時間,。一般來說,，Integrated Writing 建議控制在20分鐘內(nèi)，而 Independent Writing 約為30分鐘,。通過不斷練習(xí),，你將更好地掌握時間分配,。

5. 注意語法和拼寫

語法和拼寫錯誤會影響你的寫作分?jǐn)?shù),。在寫作過程中，盡量保持語法正確,，使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的拼寫。完成初稿后,，留出幾分鐘的時間進(jìn)行檢查,，修正可能的錯誤?？梢酝ㄟ^閱讀來提高你的語法水平，尤其是關(guān)注常見的錯誤和用法,。??

6. 多讀范文

閱讀高分范文是提升寫作技巧的有效方法。通過分析這些范文,，你可以學(xué)習(xí)到優(yōu)秀的結(jié)構(gòu)、論證方式和詞匯運(yùn)用,。以下是一個簡單的題目和參考答案示例：

Topic: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “It is better to work in a team than to work alone.”

Sample Answer: In today’s competitive world, teamwork has become increasingly important. Working in a team allows individuals to share ideas and collaborate effectively, leading to more innovative solutions. Moreover, teamwork fosters a sense of community and support, which can enhance motivation and productivity. However, it is also essential to recognize the benefits of working alone, such as independence and personal accountability. Ultimately, the choice between teamwork and individual work depends on the specific task at hand.

7. 保持積極心態(tài)

最后，保持積極的心態(tài)也是成功的關(guān)鍵,。托福考試可能會讓人感到壓力,，但相信自己的準(zhǔn)備和努力是非常重要的。適當(dāng)放松心情,，調(diào)整好狀態(tài),，才能在考試中發(fā)揮出最佳水平。??

希望這些寫作技巧和注意事項(xiàng)能幫助你在托福寫作部分取得理想的成績,！祝你好運(yùn)！??