托福語法筆記之改錯——謂語動詞是每位考生在備考過程中必須掌握的內(nèi)容。本文將重點(diǎn)解析主謂一致,、時態(tài)及語態(tài)等相關(guān)知識，以幫助考生在考試中避免常見錯誤，提高寫作和口語表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性,。

一、主謂一致

1. 主謂的分隔原則

S, ---, VO

主謂之間可以通過定語從句或省略形式的定語從句進(jìn)行分隔,。

* 注意：主謂一致與主語同位語無關(guān),。

2. 定語從句中的主謂一致

...noun.+that/which+V

* that和which不反映單復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 復(fù)V,，the only one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 單V,。

3. 隨前一致

together with, as well as, with, including, of等短語不影響主謂一致。

4. 隨后一致

not 單n. but 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V

not only 單n. but also 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V,。

5. 就近一致

單n. or 復(fù)n.

either 單n. or 復(fù)n.

neither 單n. nor 復(fù)n.,。

6. 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的搭配

可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞搭配時用復(fù)數(shù)動詞；不可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞搭配時也用復(fù)數(shù)動詞,。

例外：war and peace is/was, black and white is/was, bread and butter is/was, to love and to be loved is/was,。

7. 百分比結(jié)構(gòu)

most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent

__+of+n.+V 由名詞決定動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

8. 倒裝句中的主謂一致

There be...

between, among 等介詞位于句首,，引起倒裝,。

例如：Between ...+ be + noun.，Among...+ be + noun.,。

9. The+ adj.

a. 表示“一類人”用復(fù)數(shù)V

The rich are ridiculous,。

b. 表示某一抽象概念

The good is attractive。

10. 特定結(jié)構(gòu)

one of + 復(fù)數(shù)noun. + 單V

more than one 單數(shù)noun. + 單數(shù)V

many a + 單noun. + 單V

a + 單noun. or + two + 單V: a day or two,。

news 單數(shù),，measles 不可數(shù)，the series 用is/are根據(jù)上下文判斷。

二,、時態(tài)

1. 時間表達(dá)

in + 過去某一時間,，用一般現(xiàn)在時。

2. 時間點(diǎn)

before + 過去年份,，用過去完成時,。

3. for/since的使用

for后跟時間段，可用現(xiàn)在完成和一般過去時,；since 后跟時間點(diǎn),，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時。

例如：I have been a teacher for 3 years. I have been a teacher since 1996. I was a teacher for 3 years,。

4. 自然現(xiàn)象與真理描述

使用一般現(xiàn)在時,，避免時態(tài)混用。

三,、語態(tài)

1. 證明

prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.

prove(vt) + sth./that +句子,。

例如：my advice proved to be wrong。

2. 位于

locate 永遠(yuǎn)考被動,，situate 的主動與被動意義不同,。

3. 需要

need, want, require的使用：

need + doing (表主動)；

require + to be done (表被動),。

4. 情感表達(dá)

please, annoy, surprise, move等詞的用法要注意主語與賓語的關(guān)系,。

例如：I am pleased. The news is pleasing。

綜上所述,，托福語法筆記之改錯——謂語動詞的知識點(diǎn)涵蓋了主謂一致,、時態(tài)及語態(tài)等方面?？忌趥淇紩r應(yīng)注重理解和運(yùn)用這些規(guī)則,，以提升自己的語言表達(dá)能力，從而在托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氤煽?。

對于托福考生來說,，語法改錯是考試中一個重要的部分。掌握一些技巧可以幫助你在這一部分取得更好的成績,。以下是一些實(shí)用的托福語法改錯技巧,，希望能為你提供幫助。??

1. 理解常見的語法錯誤類型

在備考過程中,，首先要了解常見的語法錯誤類型,。以下是幾種常見的錯誤：

• Subject-Verb Agreement: 確保主語和動詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
• Tense Consistency: 時態(tài)的一致性也很重要,，特別是在長句中,。
• Pronoun Reference: 代詞的指代要明確,，避免模糊不清。
• Sentence Fragments: 確保每個句子都是完整的,，有主語和謂語,。

2. 多做練習(xí)題

通過做大量的練習(xí)題來提高你的語法水平是非常有效的?？梢酝ㄟ^以下方式進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

• 使用托福官方指南中的練習(xí)題,。
• 訪問在線學(xué)習(xí)平臺，尋找專門的語法練習(xí),。
• 定期參加模擬考試,，檢驗(yàn)自己的進(jìn)步。

3. 學(xué)會標(biāo)記錯誤

在練習(xí)時,，嘗試用不同的顏色標(biāo)記出你認(rèn)為有錯誤的部分,。這不僅能幫助你集中注意力，還能提高你對語法規(guī)則的敏感度,。例如,，使用紅色標(biāo)記時態(tài)錯誤，藍(lán)色標(biāo)記主謂不一致等,。??

4. 關(guān)注上下文

在改錯時,，理解句子的上下文非常重要。有時候,，某個單詞或短語在特定的上下文中可能是正確的,，而在另一個上下文中則可能是錯誤的。確保你在審閱句子時考慮到整個句子的意義,。??

5. 學(xué)習(xí)常見的搭配

英語中有許多固定搭配和常用表達(dá),，了解這些搭配可以幫助你更好地判斷句子的正確性。例如：

• make a decision (而不是 do a decision)
• take a break (而不是 have a break)

6. 參考范文

閱讀一些高分的托福寫作范文,，可以幫助你理解語法在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的重要性,。以下是一個簡單的范文示例：

Topic: The Importance of Education
Education is one of the most important aspects of life. It not only provides knowledge but also helps in developing critical thinking skills. In today's fast-paced world, having a good education can open many doors for individuals. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize education and strive for academic excellence.

7. 定期復(fù)習(xí)

語法知識需要定期復(fù)習(xí)才能鞏固。在每周的學(xué)習(xí)計劃中,，留出時間專門復(fù)習(xí)語法規(guī)則和練習(xí)題,。可以使用閃卡或者在線測驗(yàn)工具來幫助記憶,。??

8. 尋求反饋

如果條件允許,，可以請教老師或同學(xué)，尋求他們對你語法使用的反饋,。他們的意見可以幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己未曾注意到的錯誤,。??

通過以上技巧的練習(xí)與應(yīng)用，相信你能夠在托福語法改錯部分取得更好的成績。祝你備考順利,！

Understanding the Use of Verbs in TOEFL

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering the use of verbs is crucial for both the writing and speaking sections. Verbs are the backbone of sentences, conveying action and linking ideas. In this article, we will explore key aspects of verb usage that can enhance your performance on the TOEFL exam. ??

1. Types of Verbs

There are several types of verbs you should be familiar with:

• Action Verbs: These express physical or mental actions (e.g., run, think).
• Linking Verbs: These connect the subject to additional information (e.g., is, seem).
• Auxiliary Verbs: Also known as helping verbs, they assist the main verb (e.g., have, will).

2. Subject-Verb Agreement

One common area where students struggle is subject-verb agreement. It’s essential to ensure that the verb matches the subject in number and person. For example:

• She runs every morning.
• They run every morning.

Pay attention to tricky subjects like collective nouns (e.g., team, group) which may take singular or plural verbs depending on context.

3. Verb Tenses

Understanding verb tenses is vital for conveying the correct time frame of your actions. Here are the primary tenses you should focus on:

• Present Simple: I study every day.
• Past Simple: I studied yesterday.
• Future Simple: I will study tomorrow.

Using the correct tense not only clarifies your meaning but also demonstrates your grammatical proficiency to the evaluators.

4. Active vs. Passive Voice

Another important aspect is the choice between active and passive voice. In most cases, using the active voice makes your writing clearer and more direct. For instance:

• Active: The researcher conducted the experiment.
• Passive: The experiment was conducted by the researcher.

However, the passive voice can be useful when the doer is unknown or less important than the action itself.

5. Practice with Sample Questions

To solidify your understanding, practice with sample TOEFL questions. Here’s an example:

Question: Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence: "She _____ to the store yesterday." (go)

Answer: "She went to the store yesterday."

6. Writing and Speaking Practice

Incorporate varied verb forms into your writing and speaking practice. When preparing for the speaking section, try to use a mix of tenses and voices to showcase your grammar skills. For example:

Task: Describe a memorable event.

Response: "Last summer, I visited my grandparents, and we had a wonderful time together."

7. Resources for Improvement

Utilize online resources and practice tests to enhance your verb usage. Websites like ETS offer sample questions and practice materials tailored for TOEFL preparation. ??

In conclusion, mastering verb usage is essential for excelling in the TOEFL exam. Focus on understanding the types of verbs, ensuring subject-verb agreement, practicing verb tenses, and using active voice effectively. With consistent practice, you’ll improve your writing and speaking skills significantly. Good luck! ??