在托福閱讀中,，長(zhǎng)難句常常讓考生感到困惑,。本文將通過(guò)分析一則關(guān)于瑪雅人挖掘水庫(kù)的例子,，幫助考生掌握解析復(fù)雜句子的技巧。

Sentence Analysis

The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season.

本句的核心在于通過(guò)“is that”引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句展開(kāi)解釋,。句中包含多個(gè)動(dòng)詞：excavated（挖掘）,、modified（改造）、plugged up（堵?。?，這些動(dòng)作的目的在于create reservoirs（建立水庫(kù)）,。最后，which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的名詞reservoirs,。

Correct Answer

該句的正確答案是選項(xiàng)A: Southern Maya populations obtained the water they needed for the dry season by collecting and storing rainwater in sealed depressions. 其他選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤原因如下：

• Option B: The Maya are credited with creating methods for modifying natural rainwater and storing it. 這里提到的“modifying natural rainwater”并未出現(xiàn)在原句中,。
• Option C: Leaks in the karst caused difficulties in the creation of reservoirs, which were needed to store water for the dry season. 原句已提到通過(guò)涂灰泥解決了漏水問(wèn)題，因此不存在困難,。
• Option D: Southern Mayans were more successful at collecting rain than storing it during dry seasons. 選項(xiàng)中提到的“more successful”在原句中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn),。

Vocabulary Review

depression: 本意為“沮喪;蕭條”，此處指“低地”,。

excavate depressions: 意為“挖掘低地”,。

modify: 意為“修改”，在此表示“改造自然的低地”,。

plug up leaks: 意為“堵住漏水的地方”,。

karst: 指“喀斯特地貌”，由溶蝕作用形成的地貌,。

catchment basins: 指“集水盆地”,。

plaster: 作名詞意為“石膏”，作動(dòng)詞意為“涂以灰泥”,。

Translation of the Sentence

有一種解釋是瑪雅人挖掘或改造自然的低地,，然后通過(guò)在低地底部涂上灰泥來(lái)堵住喀斯特地貌所造成的漏水，這樣可以建立水庫(kù),，收集來(lái)自抹了灰泥的大型集水盆地的雨水,，并儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)以備旱季使用。

通過(guò)以上分析,，希望考生能夠掌握長(zhǎng)難句的解析技巧,，更加自信地面對(duì)托福閱讀中的挑戰(zhàn)。托福閱讀復(fù)雜易錯(cuò)長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：瑪雅人挖掘水庫(kù)的內(nèi)容,，不僅提高了考生的理解能力,，也為未來(lái)的考試做好了準(zhǔn)備。

在托?？荚囍?，閱讀部分常常包含一些復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句,。對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō),，掌握這些句子的解析技巧是提高閱讀理解能力的重要一步。本文將分享一些有效的策略,，幫助你更好地應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句,。

1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)

首先，要理解長(zhǎng)難句的基本結(jié)構(gòu),。長(zhǎng)句通常由多個(gè)從句組成,，包括主句,、從句和并列句。識(shí)別主句和從句是關(guān)鍵,。例如：

Although the weather was bad, we decided to continue our journey.

在這個(gè)句子中,，“Although the weather was bad”是一個(gè)從句，而“we decided to continue our journey”是主句,。了解這一點(diǎn)可以幫助你抓住句子的主要意思,。

2. 關(guān)注連接詞

連接詞在長(zhǎng)難句中起到至關(guān)重要的作用，它們幫助我們理解句子之間的關(guān)系,。常見(jiàn)的連接詞包括“however”,、“therefore”、“moreover”等,。例如：

The experiment was successful; however, the results were not as expected.

這里的“however”表示轉(zhuǎn)折,，提示我們注意實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與預(yù)期之間的差異。

3. 分析修飾成分

長(zhǎng)難句中的修飾成分往往會(huì)使句子變得復(fù)雜,。要特別注意形容詞和副詞的使用,。例如：

The ancient tree, which had stood for centuries, was finally struck by lightning.

在這個(gè)句子中，“which had stood for centuries”是對(duì)“the ancient tree”的修飾,，幫助我們更好地理解這棵樹(shù)的背景信息,。

4. 多做練習(xí)

熟能生巧。通過(guò)不斷練習(xí),，你會(huì)逐漸適應(yīng)長(zhǎng)難句的結(jié)構(gòu),。可以選擇一些托福閱讀材料,，嘗試自己解析其中的長(zhǎng)難句,。以下是一個(gè)練習(xí)題：

Despite the challenges faced by the team, they managed to complete the project ahead of schedule.

• What is the main idea of this sentence?
• Identify the main clause and any subordinate clauses.

5. 使用工具輔助學(xué)習(xí)

現(xiàn)在有很多在線工具和應(yīng)用程序可以幫助你分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。利用這些工具可以快速提高你的閱讀能力,。例如,，Grammarly和Hemingway App等工具都能幫助你理解句子的構(gòu)成。

6. 參加模擬考試

參加模擬托?？荚嚳梢詭椭闶煜た荚囆问胶蜁r(shí)間壓力,。在模擬考試中，特別關(guān)注閱讀部分的長(zhǎng)難句,，努力提高你的解題速度和準(zhǔn)確性,。建議每周至少進(jìn)行一次模擬測(cè)試。

7. 保持積極心態(tài)

最后,，保持積極的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度是非常重要的,。遇到困難時(shí)，不要?dú)怵H,。每個(gè)考生在備考過(guò)程中都會(huì)遇到挑戰(zhàn),，關(guān)鍵是要堅(jiān)持下去,。?

通過(guò)以上方法，相信你能逐步克服托福閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句難題,，提高你的閱讀理解能力,。祝你在托福考試中取得理想的成績(jī),！??

As a TOEFL test taker, understanding various topics can significantly enhance your reading comprehension and overall performance. One intriguing subject that often appears in academic texts is the ancient Maya civilization and their advanced water management systems. This article will delve into the topic of "Maya Water Reservoirs" and provide useful tips for tackling related reading passages on the TOEFL exam. ??

Understanding the Topic

The Maya civilization, known for its impressive architectural achievements and complex societal structures, developed sophisticated methods for managing water resources. Their water reservoirs were crucial for sustaining agriculture and supporting urban populations, especially in regions with seasonal rainfall. By familiarizing yourself with this topic, you can improve your comprehension skills and be better prepared for questions related to it.

Key Vocabulary ??

When preparing for the TOEFL, it's essential to build a robust vocabulary. Here are some key terms related to Maya water reservoirs:

• Reservoir: A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
• Agriculture: The practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for growing crops.
• Infrastructure: The basic physical systems of a community, including transportation, communication, and water supply.
• Hydraulic: Relating to the movement of water.
• Sustainable: Capable of being maintained over the long term without depleting resources.

Sample Reading Passage

Here’s an example of a reading passage you might encounter on the TOEFL exam:

The ancient Maya constructed extensive water reservoir systems that allowed them to thrive in the challenging environments of Mesoamerica. These reservoirs collected rainwater during the wet season, which was then used to irrigate crops and supply drinking water during the dry months. The hydraulic engineering techniques employed by the Maya demonstrate their advanced understanding of water management and sustainability.

Practice Questions ?

After reading a passage like the one above, you might face questions such as:

• What was the primary purpose of the Maya water reservoirs?
• How did the Maya manage their water resources effectively?
• What does the passage suggest about the importance of hydraulic engineering in Maya society?

Strategies for Success

To excel in the reading section, consider these strategies:

• Skim the Passage: Quickly read through the passage to get a general idea of the content before diving into details.
• Highlight Key Information: As you read, underline or highlight important facts and concepts that relate to the questions.
• Practice Time Management: Allocate your time wisely. Aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on each reading passage and its questions.

Additional Resources ??

Utilize online platforms and TOEFL preparation books that focus on reading comprehension. Websites like ETS.org offer sample questions and practice tests that can help you become familiar with the format and style of the exam.

New Topics to Explore ??

While preparing for the TOEFL, consider researching other related topics such as:

• The role of agriculture in ancient civilizations.
• Comparative water management systems in different cultures.
• Modern implications of ancient engineering techniques.

By immersing yourself in the fascinating world of the Maya and their water reservoirs, you not only expand your knowledge but also enhance your ability to tackle complex reading passages on the TOEFL. Good luck with your studies! ??

在準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨倪^(guò)程中，閱讀部分常常讓考生感到困惑,，尤其是易錯(cuò)句的理解和分析,。為了幫助大家更好地應(yīng)對(duì)這一部分，我們將分享一些常見(jiàn)的易錯(cuò)句實(shí)例,，并給出解析和建議,。??

1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性

很多考生在遇到復(fù)雜句時(shí)容易迷失方向。例如：

"Although the results of the study were inconclusive, they provided valuable insights into the problem."

在這個(gè)句子中,，“Although”引導(dǎo)的從句可能會(huì)讓人忽視主句的核心信息,。理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)鍵，建議考生在閱讀時(shí)劃分出主句和從句,，幫助理清思路,。

2. 否定詞的使用

否定詞往往使句子意思變得更加復(fù)雜。例如：

"The findings do not suggest that there is no link between the two variables."

這里的“雙重否定”可能會(huì)讓人產(chǎn)生誤解,?？忌枰⒁饩渥拥倪壿嬯P(guān)系，可以嘗試將句子轉(zhuǎn)化為正向表達(dá),，以便更好地理解其含義,。

3. 同義詞的混淆

托福閱讀中，常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義詞替換的情況,，這可能導(dǎo)致誤解,。例如：

"The author argues that the phenomenon is significant, which means it holds considerable importance."

在這種情況下，考生需要關(guān)注“significant”和“considerable”之間的細(xì)微差別,，確保理解作者的真實(shí)意圖,。

4. 語(yǔ)境的理解

有時(shí)候，句子的意思依賴于上下文,。例如：

"The experiment yielded results that were unexpected, given the prior research."

這里,，“unexpected”一詞的理解需要結(jié)合前面的研究背景?？忌陂喿x時(shí)應(yīng)注重上下文的聯(lián)系,，避免孤立地理解某個(gè)句子。

5. 細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題

托福閱讀中,，細(xì)節(jié)題常?？疾榭忌鷮?duì)特定信息的把握。例如：

"The data collected from the survey indicates that most respondents prefer option A over option B."

對(duì)于這樣的句子,，考生需要特別注意“most respondents”的含義,，確保不遺漏任何關(guān)鍵信息。

6. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的辨析

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的使用也可能引起誤解,。例如：

"The project was completed in 2020, which was earlier than anticipated."

這里的“earlier than anticipated”可能讓人誤以為項(xiàng)目原本計(jì)劃在2021年完成,。考生要仔細(xì)分析時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),，確保正確理解事件的時(shí)間順序,。

通過(guò)以上幾個(gè)方面的分析，考生可以更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀中的易錯(cuò)句,。在實(shí)際備考中,，建議多做練習(xí)，熟悉各種句型和表達(dá)方式,。此外,，利用模擬題進(jìn)行自我測(cè)試，能夠幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),，從而有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行提升,。??

最后，記得在閱讀時(shí)保持耐心,，遇到不懂的句子可以暫時(shí)跳過(guò),，先理解整體內(nèi)容，再回過(guò)頭來(lái)分析細(xì)節(jié),。祝愿每位考生在托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氲某煽?jī)！??