Complex Sentence Analysis Techniques for TOEFL Reading

Example 1

Sentence Structure Analysis: The subject is Scientists, the verb is felt, and the clause introduced by that serves as the object. The conjunction and connects two independent clauses, with they referring back to scientists. This whole sentence is a compound sentence.

Translation: Scientists feel that by determining the sedimentation time of a one-centimeter-thick layer of clay, they can know the time of extinction, and they believe that the sedimentation time can be obtained by determining the amount of the element lr in the clay.

Brief Introduction to Object Clauses: An object clause is essentially a sentence that serves as the object of a verb or preposition, connected by a conjunction. Common conjunctions include that and what. Here are examples:

(1) Verb Object Clause: He told me that I had to attend the meeting.

(2) Preposition Object Clause: The boss was satisfied with what the young man did.

Example 2

Sentence Structure Analysis: Hearing the stories acts as the subject, may lead is the verb, and the clause introduced by that modifies events. Here, that functions as the subject of the clause. The pronoun them refers to preschoolers, and the phrase they can access as adults is an essential part of the clause.

Translation: Hearing stories may lead preschoolers to encode events that allow them to form memories they can access as adults.

Brief Introduction to Relative Clauses: A relative clause acts as an adjective but is a full sentence. There are two types: restrictive (essential) and non-restrictive (non-essential). Restrictive clauses cannot be omitted without altering the meaning, while non-restrictive clauses can be removed without losing clarity. Examples:

Do you know the girl who is speaking with Mr. Wang?

Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a modern city.

Example 3

Sentence Structure Analysis: The structure begins with It is significant, where that introduces the true subject. The second that starts a relative clause modifying the earliest living thing, where it also serves as the subject. The phrase a phenomenon explains symbiosis, with another that introducing a clause about a principle.

Translation: It is significant that the earliest living things that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.

In conclusion, understanding complex sentences in TOEFL reading can significantly enhance comprehension. By breaking down sentence structures, students can improve their ability to tackle difficult texts effectively. Don't hesitate to practice these techniques!

在托福考試中,，閱讀部分常常包含一些復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句,，這對(duì)許多考生來(lái)說(shuō)是一大挑戰(zhàn)。掌握長(zhǎng)難句解析技巧能夠幫助你更好地理解文章內(nèi)容,，提高閱讀理解能力,。以下是一些實(shí)用的技巧和方法，幫助你應(yīng)對(duì)這些長(zhǎng)句,。

1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu) ???

長(zhǎng)難句通常由多個(gè)從句和短語(yǔ)組成,。首先，找出句子的主干,，即主語(yǔ),、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)?？梢允褂靡韵虏襟E：

- Identify the Subject: 找到句子的主語(yǔ),。

- Locate the Verb: 確定動(dòng)詞或謂語(yǔ)。

- Find the Object: 確認(rèn)賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ),。

例如,，在句子 “The discovery of the ancient ruins, which were hidden for centuries, has provided valuable insights into past civilizations.” 中，主語(yǔ)是 “The discovery”,，謂語(yǔ)是 “has provided”,，而 “valuable insights” 是賓語(yǔ)。

2. 識(shí)別從句和短語(yǔ) ??

長(zhǎng)難句中常常包含定語(yǔ)從句,、狀語(yǔ)從句等,。通過(guò)識(shí)別這些從句，可以更好地理解句子意思,。定語(yǔ)從句通常由“who”,、“which”、“that”等引導(dǎo),，而狀語(yǔ)從句則可能由“when”,、“because”、“although”等引導(dǎo)。

例如,，在句子 “Although the weather was bad, the event continued as planned.” 中,，狀語(yǔ)從句 “Although the weather was bad” 提供了背景信息。

3. 拆分句子 ??

如果句子太長(zhǎng),，可以嘗試將其拆分為多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,。這樣可以減少理解的難度。繼續(xù)使用上面的例子,，可以將其拆分為：“The weather was bad. The event continued as planned.” 這使得信息更加清晰,。

4. 使用上下文線索 ??

在閱讀時(shí)，要注意上下文提供的信息,。上下文可以幫助你推測(cè)生詞的意思或理解復(fù)雜句子的含義,。比如，句子 “The phenomenon observed in the experiment was unexpected, leading researchers to rethink their hypotheses.” 中,，結(jié)合上下文可以更好地理解 “phenomenon” 和 “hypotheses” 的含義,。

5. 多做練習(xí) ??

提高長(zhǎng)難句解析能力的最佳方法是多加練習(xí)?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)以下方式進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

- 閱讀學(xué)術(shù)文章或?qū)I(yè)書(shū)籍,，關(guān)注長(zhǎng)難句的結(jié)構(gòu)。

- 完成托福模擬題,，尤其是閱讀部分,。

- 參加線上討論，與他人分享解析技巧,。

以下是一個(gè)練習(xí)范文,，供你參考：

Sample Question: What are the main factors contributing to climate change?

Sample Answer: The main factors contributing to climate change include greenhouse gas emissions from industrial activities, deforestation, and agricultural practices that release carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere.

在托福閱讀中，遇到長(zhǎng)難句時(shí),，請(qǐng)記住以上技巧,。隨著時(shí)間的推移，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的閱讀理解能力有了顯著提升,。祝你在托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氲某煽?jī)！??

托福閱讀復(fù)雜句理解方法 ??

對(duì)于許多托?？忌鷣?lái)說(shuō)，閱讀部分常常是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),。尤其是面對(duì)復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),，理解起來(lái)可能會(huì)感到困難。本文將分享一些有效的方法,，幫助你在托福閱讀中更好地理解復(fù)雜句子,。

一、識(shí)別句子的核心結(jié)構(gòu) ??

首先，理解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)鍵,。大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)句子由主語(yǔ),、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)組成。試著找到這些核心成分,，可以幫助你抓住句子的主要意思,。例如：

Example sentence: "The research conducted by the scientists, which was funded by the government, revealed significant findings."

在這個(gè)句子中，核心結(jié)構(gòu)是“research revealed findings”,。其他部分是修飾成分,，雖然重要，但不是理解句子主旨的關(guān)鍵,。

二,、注意從句的使用 ??

復(fù)雜句子往往包含多個(gè)從句，如定語(yǔ)從句,、狀語(yǔ)從句等,。理解這些從句的作用可以幫助你更好地理解句子。例如：

Example sentence: "The book that I borrowed from the library is fascinating."

這里的定語(yǔ)從句“that I borrowed from the library”提供了關(guān)于“book”的額外信息,。理解從句的功能可以讓你迅速把握句子的意思,。

三、關(guān)注連接詞和過(guò)渡詞 ??

連接詞和過(guò)渡詞在復(fù)雜句中起著重要的作用,，它們指示句子之間的關(guān)系,。例如：

Example sentence: "Although the weather was bad, we decided to go hiking."

在這個(gè)句子中，“Although”表明了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,，理解這一點(diǎn)能幫助你更好地把握句子的邏輯,。

四、練習(xí)段落閱讀 ??

為了提高對(duì)復(fù)雜句的理解能力,，建議多做段落閱讀練習(xí),。選擇一些高質(zhì)量的托福閱讀材料，逐段分析,?？梢試L試以下步驟：

1. 通讀全文，了解大意,。
2. 逐句分析,，找出每個(gè)句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. 注意句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,。
4. 總結(jié)段落的主要觀點(diǎn),。

五、運(yùn)用詞匯和上下文猜測(cè)意義 ??

在遇到不熟悉的單詞時(shí),，不要慌張,?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)其意義。比如：

Example sentence: "The phenomenon was unprecedented, leading to a myriad of questions among the researchers."

即使不認(rèn)識(shí)“unprecedented”,，也可以通過(guò)“l(fā)eading to a myriad of questions”推測(cè)出該詞可能與“前所未有”相關(guān),。

六、定期模擬考試 ?

最后,，定期進(jìn)行托福閱讀的模擬考試也是非常重要的,。通過(guò)模擬考試，你可以熟悉考試的題型和時(shí)間限制,，同時(shí)鍛煉自己的快速閱讀和理解能力,。

在模擬考試中，注意記錄你在復(fù)雜句理解方面遇到的困難,，并針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí)和改進(jìn),。

希望這些方法能幫助你在托福閱讀中更好地理解復(fù)雜句，提升你的閱讀能力,。記住,，持續(xù)的練習(xí)和分析是提高的關(guān)鍵！??