每年,，普利策獎的頒發(fā)都吸引了公眾的廣泛關(guān)注,，特別是在新聞報道領(lǐng)域。2023年,，哥倫比亞大學(xué)在美國揭曉了第99屆普利策獎,，表彰了在地方災(zāi)難和國際危機(jī)報道方面的杰出表現(xiàn)。這些獎項被認(rèn)為是美國新聞界最具聲望的榮譽,。

The New York Times received three Pulitzer Prizes, notably including two for its comprehensive coverage of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Additionally, the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service was awarded to The Post and Courier from Charleston, South Carolina, for its impactful series on domestic violence.

The Wall Street Journal earned a prize in investigative reporting for its revealing series "Medicare Unmasked," marking the first time the newspaper has won a Pulitzer since 2007. Meanwhile, The St. Louis Post-Dispatch was recognized for its powerful photographic documentation of the riots in Ferguson, Missouri.

主要獎項獲獎名單：

Pulitzer for breaking news: The Seattle Times staff

Pulitzer for investigative reporting: The Wall Street Journal with The New York Times

Pulitzer for explanatory reporting: Bloomberg News Zachary R. Mider

Pulitzer for national reporting: The Washington Post Carol D. Leonnig

Pulitzer for international reporting: The New York Times staff

Pulitzer for feature writing: Los Angeles Times Diana Marcum

Pulitzer for feature photography: The New York Times freelance photographer Daniel Berehulak

Pulitzer for fiction: All the Light We Cannot See Anthony Doerr

Vocabulary

calamity: disaster, misfortune

prestigious: esteemed, respected

domestic violence: violence within the home

breaking news: urgent news reports

通過對普利策獎的關(guān)注,，考生不僅可以提升自己的閱讀理解能力,，還能更好地了解當(dāng)前的社會熱點和新聞報道的價值。希望這篇文章能夠幫助托?？忌趥淇歼^程中,，掌握重要的信息和詞匯，提高他們的閱讀水平,。

托福閱讀背景知識的重要性

在準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚂r，很多考生往往忽視了閱讀部分的背景知識,。然而,，這對于提升閱讀理解能力至關(guān)重要。掌握相關(guān)背景知識不僅能幫助你更好地理解文章內(nèi)容,，還能提高你的答題速度和準(zhǔn)確率,。??

什么是背景知識？

背景知識是指我們在某個領(lǐng)域或主題上所積累的知識和經(jīng)驗,。在托福閱讀中,，考生需要對一些常見話題有基本了解，例如：

• History（歷史）
• Science（科學(xué)）
• Culture（文化）
• Environment（環(huán)境）

這些領(lǐng)域的知識可以幫助你在閱讀時更快地理解文章的主旨和細(xì)節(jié),。??

如何提高背景知識,？

1. 廣泛閱讀：選擇不同主題的英文書籍、文章和研究報告,。例如,，閱讀關(guān)于climate change（氣候變化）的文章，可以讓你了解這一話題的現(xiàn)狀及其影響,。

2. 觀看紀(jì)錄片：通過觀看關(guān)于歷史,、科學(xué)或文化的紀(jì)錄片，你可以在視覺和聽覺上同時獲取信息,，這有助于加深你的理解,。

3. 參加討論：與他人討論相關(guān)話題，可以幫助你從不同角度理解問題,，并加深記憶。

實戰(zhàn)演練

在備考過程中,，進(jìn)行模擬測試是非常重要的,。以下是一個典型的托福閱讀題目示例：

Reading Passage: "The impact of climate change on polar bears is significant. As the ice melts, their hunting grounds diminish, leading to a decline in their population."

Question: What is one consequence of climate change mentioned in the passage?

Answer Choices:

• A) Increased hunting grounds
• B) Decline in polar bear population
• C) Improved climate conditions
• D) More food sources

在這個例子中，如果考生對climate change有背景知識,，就能迅速理解并選出正確答案：B) Decline in polar bear population. ?????

詞匯積累

在閱讀中,，遇到不認(rèn)識的單詞是很常見的。建議考生在學(xué)習(xí)背景知識的同時,，積累相關(guān)詞匯,。例如：

• habitat - 棲息地
• endangered - 瀕危的
• conservation - 保護(hù)
• ecosystem - 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

這些詞匯在閱讀文章時會頻繁出現(xiàn),，掌握它們有助于提高理解能力。??

預(yù)測新題型

根據(jù)近年來的趨勢,，托福閱讀可能會出現(xiàn)一些新題型,，例如：

• Comparative Questions - 比較類問題
• Inference Questions - 推理類問題

考生應(yīng)提前做好準(zhǔn)備，了解如何解答這些新題型,，以增加考試時的自信心,。??

最后的建議

在備考托福閱讀時，重視背景知識的積累是非常重要的,。通過多種方式提高自己的背景知識,，不僅能夠幫助你在閱讀中更加游刃有余，還能在整個托?？荚囍斜憩F(xiàn)得更好,。祝你好運！??

Analyzing Pulitzer Prize-Winning Works: A Guide for TOEFL Test Takers

As a TOEFL test taker, you may wonder how to improve your reading and writing skills. One effective way is to analyze Pulitzer Prize-winning works. These pieces not only showcase exceptional writing but also delve into significant social issues. This article will guide you through the process of analyzing these works, helping you enhance your understanding and performance on the TOEFL exam. ??

What is the Pulitzer Prize? ??

The Pulitzer Prize is an esteemed award in the field of journalism and literature, recognizing outstanding contributions. Winning this prize indicates that the work has met high standards of quality and impact. For TOEFL candidates, studying these works can provide valuable insights into effective writing styles and persuasive arguments.

Key Elements of Pulitzer Prize-Winning Works ??

• Research and Depth: These works often involve thorough research and present well-supported arguments. When analyzing, pay attention to how the author backs up their claims with evidence.
• Storytelling: A compelling narrative is crucial. Notice how the author engages readers through storytelling techniques, making complex topics accessible.
• Language and Style: The choice of words, sentence structure, and overall tone contribute to the piece's effectiveness. Look for unique stylistic elements that enhance the message.
• Social Relevance: Many Pulitzer-winning works address pressing social issues. Consider how the author highlights these issues and prompts readers to reflect on them.

Example Analysis: "The New Jim Crow" by Michelle Alexander ??

In "The New Jim Crow," Michelle Alexander argues that mass incarceration in the United States functions as a contemporary system of racial control. To analyze this work, consider the following:

• Research and Depth: Alexander supports her claims with extensive data on incarceration rates and their socio-economic impact.
• Storytelling: She shares personal stories of individuals affected by the justice system, making the issue relatable.
• Language and Style: The author uses clear, impactful language to convey her message, making complex legal concepts understandable.
• Social Relevance: The book sheds light on systemic racism, encouraging readers to confront uncomfortable truths about society.

Tips for Analyzing Pulitzer Prize-Winning Works ??

1. Read Actively: Take notes while reading. Highlight key arguments and examples that stand out.
2. Discuss with Peers: Engaging in discussions can deepen your understanding. Share insights and differing interpretations.
3. Practice Writing: After analyzing, try writing a short essay summarizing the work's main points and your perspective on its significance.
4. Utilize Online Resources: Websites like JSTOR or Google Scholar can provide additional critiques and analyses of these works.

Sample TOEFL Writing Prompt Based on Pulitzer Analysis ??

Consider the following prompt: "Discuss the impact of a Pulitzer Prize-winning work on society. Use specific examples to support your answer." When responding, structure your essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Be sure to incorporate analysis similar to what we've discussed.

Vocabulary to Enhance Your Analysis ??

• Persuasive: Able to convince others of a point of view.
• Impactful: Having a strong effect on someone or something.
• Systemic: Relating to a system, particularly in terms of social or institutional structures.
• Rhetorical Devices: Techniques used by authors to persuade or inform, such as metaphors or analogies.

Conclusion: Embrace the Learning Process ??

By analyzing Pulitzer Prize-winning works, you can develop critical thinking and writing skills essential for the TOEFL exam. Approach each piece with curiosity and a desire to understand the deeper messages conveyed. Happy studying!