托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：大量物種周期性滅絕假說(shuō)

在托?？荚囍?，閱讀部分往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句,，這些句子不僅考查考生的語(yǔ)言理解能力,，還能反映出考生對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)內(nèi)容的掌握程度,。本文將通過(guò)一個(gè)關(guān)于“周期性滅絕假說(shuō)”的例子,，幫助考生更好地理解和解析長(zhǎng)難句。

原句案例：

The possibility (that mass extinctions may recur periodically) has given rise to such hypotheses as that (of a companion star)(with a long-period orbit) (deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits), (making some of them fall to Earth as meteors) and (causing widespread devastation upon impact).

詞匯講解：

• recur /r?'k??/ v. 再發(fā)生,，復(fù)發(fā)
• periodically adv. 定期地,，周期性發(fā)生地
• hypothesis /ha?'pɑθ?s?s/ n. 假說(shuō)，假設(shè)
• deflect /d?'fl?kt/ v. 使某物運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向;使某人改變?cè)瓉?lái)的計(jì)劃
• meteor /'mi?t??/ n. 流星
• devastation /?dev?'ste??n/ n. 毀壞,，荒廢
• impact /?m'p?kt/ n. 撞擊,，沖擊;影響
• such sth as/that...：像后面提及的那樣的, 這樣的

結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

The possibility (that mass extinctions may recur periodically) has given rise to such hypotheses as that (of a companion star) (with a long-period orbit) (deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits), (making some of them fall to Earth as meteors) and (causing widespread devastation upon impact).

深度分析：

這個(gè)句子的主干比較簡(jiǎn)單：

The possibility has given rise to such hypotheses

這里的such sth as/that...表示“像后面提及的那樣的”，比如：

Such a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before.

修飾一：(that mass extinctions may recur periodically),，從句,，解釋possibility，中文意思為“大量物種滅絕可能會(huì)周期性發(fā)生”,。

修飾二：(of a companion star),，介詞短語(yǔ)，意為“一顆伴星”,。

修飾三：(with a long-period orbit),，介詞短語(yǔ)，意為“有長(zhǎng)周期軌道”,。

修飾四：(deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits),，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“使其它天體偏離正常軌道”,。

修飾五：(making some of them fall to Earth as meteors),，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“使一些天體作為流星落入地球”,。

修飾六：(causing widespread devastation upon impact),，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“在撞擊時(shí)造成大范圍破壞”,。

參考翻譯：

大量物種滅絕可能會(huì)周期性發(fā)生的可能性引起了像這樣一個(gè)假說(shuō)：一顆有長(zhǎng)周期的伴星使其它天體偏離正常軌道,，使一些天體作為流星落入地球，并在撞擊時(shí)造成大范圍破壞,。

通過(guò)以上的分析,，我們可以看到,，長(zhǎng)難句雖然復(fù)雜，但只要我們逐步拆解,，明確每個(gè)部分的意思，就能夠輕松理解其含義,。希望這篇文章能幫助托?？忌鷤?cè)陂喿x中取得更好的成績(jī)。

托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：大量物種周期性滅絕假說(shuō)

在備考托福的過(guò)程中,，許多考生會(huì)對(duì)閱讀部分的長(zhǎng)難句感到困惑,。長(zhǎng)難句不僅影響理解，還可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的答案選擇,。本文將分享一些解析長(zhǎng)難句的技巧,，幫助你更好地應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀。

1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)

首先,，了解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)鍵,。長(zhǎng)難句通常包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分。例如：

“Although the research was conducted in a limited environment, it provides valuable insights into the behavior of the species.”

在這個(gè)句子中,，“Although the research was conducted in a limited environment”是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,，而“it provides valuable insights into the behavior of the species”是主句。通過(guò)識(shí)別從句和主句,，可以更清晰地理解句子的意思,。

2. 尋找關(guān)鍵詞

在閱讀長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，尋找關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們抓住句子的核心信息,。例如：

“The discovery of ancient artifacts, which were found in a remote area, has changed our understanding of early human civilization.”

在這個(gè)句子中,，關(guān)鍵詞包括“discovery”、“ancient artifacts”和“understanding”,。這些詞匯能夠幫助我們快速把握句子的主題,。

3. 分段閱讀

對(duì)于特別復(fù)雜的句子，可以嘗試將其分段閱讀,。例如：

“Despite the fact that many scientists have expressed skepticism about the results, the study has been widely accepted in the academic community.”

可以將其拆分為兩部分：“Despite the fact that many scientists have expressed skepticism about the results”和“the study has been widely accepted in the academic community”,。這樣有助于減少信息負(fù)擔(dān)，更容易理解句子的含義,。

4. 練習(xí)常見(jiàn)句型

托福閱讀中常見(jiàn)的一些句型可以通過(guò)練習(xí)來(lái)加深記憶,。例如：

• Complex Sentences: “While some researchers argue that climate change is a hoax, others provide evidence to the contrary.”
• Passive Voice: “The theory was proposed by several scholars in the early 20th century.”
• Conditional Sentences: “If the hypothesis is correct, we may need to rethink our approach.”

5. 多做閱讀練習(xí)

最后，多做閱讀練習(xí)是提高理解能力的有效方法,。推薦使用一些托福閱讀材料進(jìn)行模擬練習(xí),，并嘗試分析長(zhǎng)難句。例如：

“Researchers have found that, although the initial results were inconclusive, further studies indicate a strong correlation between diet and health outcomes.”

在練習(xí)中,，注意標(biāo)記出句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵詞,，這樣可以幫助你在考試中快速反應(yīng),。

6. 使用在線資源

現(xiàn)在有很多在線資源可以幫助你提高托福閱讀能力，例如：

• Online forums where you can discuss difficult sentences with peers.
• Websites offering practice tests and explanations for complex sentences.
• YouTube channels dedicated to TOEFL preparation.

通過(guò)以上方法,，你可以逐步提高自己對(duì)托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力,。記住，耐心和持續(xù)的練習(xí)是成功的關(guān)鍵,！??

在托?？荚囍校忌３Ｐ枰鎸?duì)各種各樣的話題,，其中“周期性滅絕假說(shuō)”是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜但又非常有趣的主題,。對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備托福的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，理解這一概念并能夠在寫(xiě)作和口語(yǔ)中自如運(yùn)用,，將大大提升你的得分潛力,。??

什么是周期性滅絕假說(shuō)？

周期性滅絕假說(shuō)（Periodic Extinction Hypothesis）認(rèn)為,，地球上的生物滅絕事件并不是隨機(jī)發(fā)生的,，而是遵循一定的周期。這一理論的提出者認(rèn)為,，地球在歷史上經(jīng)歷了多個(gè)滅絕事件,，這些事件可能與天體運(yùn)動(dòng)、氣候變化等因素有關(guān),。??

相關(guān)的托福寫(xiě)作題目

在托福寫(xiě)作部分,，你可能會(huì)遇到類(lèi)似以下的題目：

• Some people believe that extinction events are part of a natural cycle. Discuss the implications of this belief.
• Do you agree or disagree with the idea that human activity is accelerating extinction? Provide reasons for your answer.

寫(xiě)作技巧分享

在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，建議考生遵循以下幾點(diǎn)：

• 明確觀點(diǎn)：在開(kāi)頭段落清晰表達(dá)自己的立場(chǎng),。例如,，如果你支持周期性滅絕假說(shuō)，可以寫(xiě)：“I believe that extinction events are indeed part of a natural cycle, influenced by various factors.”
• 使用實(shí)例：引用歷史上的滅絕事件,，如恐龍滅絕,，來(lái)支持你的論點(diǎn)。這不僅能增強(qiáng)論據(jù)的說(shuō)服力,，還能展示你的知識(shí)廣度,。
• 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰：確保每一段都有一個(gè)中心思想，并通過(guò)合理的過(guò)渡句連接各個(gè)段落,，使文章流暢易讀,。

詞匯與表達(dá)

在討論此類(lèi)話題時(shí)，使用一些專業(yè)詞匯會(huì)使你的文章更加出色,。以下是一些推薦的單詞和短語(yǔ)：

• Extinction (滅絕)
• Natural selection (自然選擇)
• Climate change (氣候變化)
• Biodiversity (生物多樣性)
• Catastrophic events (災(zāi)難性事件)

閱讀與聽(tīng)力材料

在準(zhǔn)備托福時(shí),，閱讀和聽(tīng)力部分同樣重要?？梢詫ふ遗c周期性滅絕假說(shuō)相關(guān)的材料進(jìn)行練習(xí),。例如：

• Reading Text: "The Role of Asteroids in Mass Extinctions" - This article discusses how asteroid impacts have historically led to significant loss of species.
• Listening Text: "Understanding Extinction: Theories and Evidence" - A lecture that explores different extinction theories, including periodic extinction.

新題預(yù)測(cè)與話題

在未來(lái)的托?？荚囍校赡艹霈F(xiàn)與生態(tài)保護(hù),、氣候變化相關(guān)的新題目,。考生應(yīng)關(guān)注這些主題,，因?yàn)樗鼈兣c周期性滅絕假說(shuō)密切相關(guān),。例如，可能會(huì)問(wèn)到：

• How does climate change impact biodiversity and extinction rates?
• What measures can be taken to prevent further extinction events?

總之,，理解周期性滅絕假說(shuō)不僅對(duì)托福考試有幫助,，也能讓你更好地理解自然界的復(fù)雜性,。通過(guò)不斷練習(xí)寫(xiě)作、閱讀和聽(tīng)力,，相信你會(huì)在考試中取得理想的成績(jī),！??