在托福寫作中,，掌握一些常用詞匯對于提升寫作水平至關(guān)重要,。本文將為考生們整理出與社會(huì)發(fā)展相關(guān)的詞匯,，幫助大家在考試中更好地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),。

1. 生活節(jié)奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated

疲勞 fatigue(n)

抑郁癥 depression

失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia(n)

導(dǎo)致人與人之間疏遠(yuǎn) create(vt) alienation(n) between people

過于功利的 materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping(adjs)

追求最大限度利潤 pursue(vt) maximum profit

交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock（最后一個(gè)是不可數(shù)名詞）

阻礙(v) impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)

讓人擔(dān)心的 worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting(adjs)

危害，破壞(v) undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth/ruin/imperil/endanger/jeopardise(BrE)（都是vts）

危害,，破壞(n) harm/damage/destruction/devastation

惡化(v) worsen(vi,vt)/deteriorate(vi)

導(dǎo)致某種問題更加惡化 amplify(vt)/magnify(vt)/exacerbate(vt)/aggravate(vt) a problem

緩解 ease/alleviate/mitigate(vts)

2. 有特殊審美價(jià)值的老房子 old building of special aesthetic value（注意審美觀的說法是aesthetic values復(fù)數(shù)）

有特殊歷史意義的老房子 building of historic significance

居民 vernacular dwellings

讓城市更美觀 beautify(vt) the cities/better(vt) the cityscape

破舊的（房子) decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated(adjs)

拆除 tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building

高樓 high-rise buildings

摩天樓 skyscrapers

城市化 urbanisation(n)

城鄉(xiāng)差距 the disparity(n) between the city and the countryside

城市的 urban

鄉(xiāng)村的 rural

搬遷 relocate(vi,vt)

通過掌握這些與社會(huì)發(fā)展相關(guān)的詞匯,，托福考生們可以在寫作中更加準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn),，從而提高寫作成績,。希望這份整理能夠幫助大家在備考中取得更好的效果！

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering vocabulary related to social development can significantly enhance your writing skills. In this article, we will explore essential vocabulary, provide sample topics, and share tips on how to effectively use these words in your essays. ??

Key Vocabulary for Social Development

• Sustainable Development: This refers to development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• Urbanization: The process by which more of a population comes to live in urban areas, often leading to various social changes.
• Inequality: The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different groups within society.
• Social Justice: The concept of fair and just relations between individuals and society, including issues like equality and human rights.
• Community Engagement: The process of working collaboratively with community members to address issues affecting their well-being.

Sample Essay Topics

1. Discuss the impact of urbanization on social relationships in modern cities.
2. How does inequality affect access to education in developing countries?
3. What role does community engagement play in promoting social justice?

Example Essay Structure

When writing your essay, it is crucial to have a clear structure. A typical format includes:

• Introduction: Introduce the topic and state your thesis.
• Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph should focus on a specific point supporting your thesis. Use examples and relevant vocabulary.
• Conclusion: Summarize your main points and restate the importance of the topic.

Using Vocabulary Effectively

Incorporating the above vocabulary into your writing can make your arguments more compelling. For instance, when discussing urbanization, you might write:

"Urbanization has not only transformed physical landscapes but has also reshaped social dynamics, leading to increased inequality in access to resources."

This sentence effectively uses vocabulary to convey a complex idea clearly and concisely. Remember to practice using these words in various contexts to become more comfortable with them. ??

Practice Questions

To prepare for the writing section, consider practicing with the following questions:

• How can sustainable development initiatives reduce social inequality?
• What challenges do urban areas face in achieving social justice?
• In what ways can community engagement improve local governance?

Listening and Reading Texts

Engaging with listening and reading materials on social development can help reinforce your vocabulary. Look for articles, podcasts, or documentaries that discuss:

• The effects of climate change on vulnerable communities.
• Case studies of successful community engagement projects.
• Interviews with activists advocating for social justice.

Final Tips

1. Read Widely: Explore different sources on social development to familiarize yourself with various viewpoints and vocabulary.

2. Practice Writing: Regularly write essays on the provided topics to build confidence and fluency.

3. Seek Feedback: Share your essays with peers or teachers to receive constructive criticism.

4. Stay Updated: Follow current events related to social development to incorporate real-world examples into your writing. ??

By focusing on these strategies and vocabulary, you can enhance your TOEFL writing skills and express your ideas more effectively. Good luck! ??

對于許多托?？忌鷣碚f,，寫作部分常常是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。掌握一些常用表達(dá)不僅可以提升你的寫作能力,，還能幫助你在考試中獲得更高的分?jǐn)?shù),。以下是一些實(shí)用的表達(dá)和技巧，希望能為你的托福寫作提供幫助,！??

1. 引言段落的表達(dá)

在引言段落中,，你需要清晰地提出論點(diǎn)?？梢允褂靡韵卤磉_(dá)：

• It is widely acknowledged that... (人們普遍承認(rèn)...)
• There is a growing concern about... (人們對...越來越關(guān)注)
• This essay will discuss... (本文將討論...)

例如,，題目是：“Do you agree or disagree that technology has made our lives more complicated?” 你可以這樣開始：

It is widely acknowledged that technology has significantly transformed our daily lives. However, there is a growing concern that it has also made our lives more complicated.

2. 論證段落的連接詞

在論證段落中，使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞可以使文章更加流暢,。以下是一些常用的連接詞：

• Firstly, ... (首先,，...)
• In addition, ... (此外，...)
• On the one hand,... On the other hand,... (一方面,，...另一方面,，...)
• Furthermore, ... (進(jìn)一步地，...)
• For instance, ... (例如,，...)

例如,，在論證過程中,，可以這樣寫：

Firstly, technology has revolutionized communication. For instance, we can now connect with anyone around the world in seconds.

3. 反駁觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)

在寫作中，考慮到反對意見是很重要的,。你可以使用以下表達(dá)來引入反對觀點(diǎn)：

• Some may argue that... (有人可能會(huì)爭辯說...)
• However, this perspective overlooks... (然而,，這種觀點(diǎn)忽視了...)
• Despite these arguments, ... (盡管有這些論點(diǎn)，...)

例如：

Some may argue that technology simplifies life by providing easy access to information. However, this perspective overlooks the overwhelming amount of information available, which can lead to confusion.

4. 結(jié)尾段落的總結(jié)表達(dá)

在結(jié)尾段落中,，總結(jié)你的觀點(diǎn)非常重要,。可以使用以下表達(dá)：

• In conclusion, ... (總之,，...)
• To sum up, ... (總結(jié)來說,，...)
• Ultimately, ... (最終，...)

例如：

In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly improved many aspects of our lives, it is essential to recognize its potential to complicate our lives as well.

5. 常見話題與預(yù)測

在托福寫作中,，一些常見話題包括教育,、科技、環(huán)境和社會(huì)問題,。你可以提前準(zhǔn)備一些相關(guān)的表達(dá)和例子,。例如：

• Education: The importance of critical thinking in education.
• Technology: The impact of social media on communication.
• Environment: The role of individuals in combating climate change.
• Social Issues: The effects of urbanization on community life.

通過熟悉這些主題，你可以在考試中更加自信地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),。??

最后,，練習(xí)是提高寫作能力的關(guān)鍵。建議你定期進(jìn)行寫作練習(xí),，并請老師或同學(xué)給予反饋,。希望這些表達(dá)和技巧能夠幫助你在托福寫作中取得好成績！祝你好運(yùn),！??

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering vocabulary related to social development can significantly enhance your writing and speaking scores. In this article, we will explore essential vocabulary, provide sample prompts, and share tips on how to effectively use these words in your essays. ??

Key Vocabulary for Social Development

• Sustainability: The ability to maintain or support an activity or process over the long term.
• Equity: Fairness or justice in the way people are treated.
• Empowerment: The process of gaining freedom and power to do what you want or to control what happens to you.
• Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society.
• Innovation: The introduction of new ideas, products, or methods that can improve social conditions.
• Community Engagement: The process of working collaboratively with community members to address issues that affect their well-being.
• Social Justice: The view that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities.

Sample Essay Prompt

"Discuss the importance of community engagement in promoting social development." ???

Structure Your Essay Effectively

When writing your essay, it’s crucial to have a clear structure. Here’s a simple outline you can follow:

• Introduction: Introduce the topic and state your thesis clearly.
• Body Paragraph 1: Discuss the concept of community engagement and its relevance to social development.
• Body Paragraph 2: Provide examples of successful community engagement initiatives.
• Body Paragraph 3: Analyze the challenges faced in community engagement and propose solutions.
• Conclusion: Summarize your key points and restate the importance of community engagement in social development.

Example of Body Paragraph

Community engagement plays a pivotal role in promoting social development as it fosters collaboration between various stakeholders. For instance, local governments can partner with non-profit organizations to address issues such as poverty and education. By involving community members in the decision-making process, these initiatives not only empower individuals but also ensure that the solutions implemented are relevant and effective. This collaborative approach leads to more sustainable outcomes, as it aligns with the needs and aspirations of the community. ??

Useful Phrases to Enhance Your Writing

• "It is essential to recognize that..."
• "One significant aspect of..."
• "This highlights the importance of..."
• "In conclusion, it is evident that..."
• "Moreover, the impact of..."

Practice with New Topics

Here are some new topics you can practice with:

• "How does innovation contribute to social development?"
• "What role does education play in achieving social equity?"
• "Discuss the relationship between infrastructure and economic growth." ??

Listening and Reading Comprehension

To further improve your skills, engage with listening and reading materials related to social development. Look for articles, podcasts, and documentaries that discuss current social issues. This exposure will help you understand context and usage of key vocabulary in real-life situations. ??

By incorporating these strategies into your preparation, you can enhance your vocabulary and writing skills, making you more confident in tackling the TOEFL exam. Remember, practice makes perfect! Good luck! ??