托福閱讀中常見的13個詞根詞綴是考生備考的重要工具。掌握這些詞根詞綴不僅可以幫助你快速理解單詞的意義,，還能提升你的閱讀理解能力,。以下是一些常見的否定前綴以及它們的用法和例子。

1. a-ab- 主要加在形容詞和動詞前

例如：atypical (非典型性的),，abnormal (非正常的),；abuse (濫用、虐待),。

2. anti- 加在名詞和形容詞前

最常見的例子有：anti-Japanese (抗日的),，anti-social (反社會的)，antidote (解毒藥),。

3. counter- 加在名詞和動詞前

例如：counterstrike (反擊),，counteract (抵抗)，counterrevolution (反革命),。

4. de- 加在名詞和形容詞前

常見的詞有：decrease (減少),，deteriorate (惡化),，demobilize (遣散)。

5. dis- 主要加在名詞,、形容詞和動詞前

常見的例子有：disadvantage (缺點),，dishonorable (不光彩的)，

disagree (不同意),，disappear (消失),，disarm (解除武裝)。

6. il- 主要加在以l開頭的單詞前

例如：illegal (非法的),，illiterate (文盲的),，illogical (不合邏輯的)。

7. im- 加在字母m,，b,，p之前

例子包括：impossible (不可能的)，impolite (不禮貌的),。

8. in- 常加在形容詞和名詞前

如：incorrect (不正確的),，inability (無能)，inaccurate (不準確的),。

9. ir- 放在以r開頭的單詞前

例如：irregular (不規(guī)則的),，irresistible (不可抵抗的)。

10. mal- 主要加在形容詞和名詞前

例如：malfunction (功能障礙),，malicious (惡意的),。

11. mis- 加在動詞和名詞前

例子包括：misunderstand (誤解)，misjudge (誤判),。

12. non- 加在形容詞和名詞前

例子包括：non-existence (不存在),，non-essential (非必要的)。

13. un- 主要放在名詞,、形容詞和副詞前

常見的例子有：unfinished (未完成的)，undoubted (無疑的),。

掌握這些常見的詞根詞綴將極大地提高你在托福閱讀中的理解能力,。通過不斷的練習和記憶，你將能夠在考試中更加自信地應對各種題目,，取得理想的成績,。

Understanding TOEFL Reading Through Roots and Affixes

As a TOEFL candidate, mastering vocabulary is crucial for your reading comprehension. One effective strategy is to utilize roots and affixes to decode unfamiliar words. This method not only enhances your vocabulary but also boosts your confidence during the exam. ??

Why Focus on Roots and Affixes?

Roots are the core part of a word that carries its primary meaning. Affixes, which include prefixes and suffixes, are added to roots to modify their meanings. By understanding these components, you can often infer the meaning of new words without needing a dictionary. This skill is particularly useful in the TOEFL reading section, where time management is essential.

Common Prefixes and Their Meanings

Here are some frequently encountered prefixes:

• un-: means "not" (e.g., unhappy)
• re-: means "again" (e.g., redo)
• pre-: means "before" (e.g., preview)
• dis-: means "opposite of" (e.g., disagree)

Common Suffixes and Their Meanings

Suffixes can also provide valuable clues about the meaning of a word:

• -tion: indicates a process or state (e.g., creation)
• -able: means "capable of" (e.g., manageable)
• -ly: transforms an adjective into an adverb (e.g., quickly)
• -ness: denotes a state or quality (e.g., happiness)

Practice with Real TOEFL Examples

To illustrate how roots and affixes work, let’s consider a sample question from a TOEFL reading passage:

Passage Excerpt: "The inaccessible mountain peak has always drawn adventurers."

Question: What does the word "inaccessible" mean in the context of the passage?

Answer Choices:

• A) Easily reachable
• B) Not able to be reached
• C) Dangerous to climb
• D) Frequently visited

By breaking down "inaccessible," we see that the prefix "in-" means "not," and "accessible" refers to being reachable. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Not able to be reached. ???

Tips for Mastering Roots and Affixes

Here are some practical tips to improve your skills:

• Create Flashcards: Write down common roots and affixes, along with example words.
• Read Widely: Engage with various texts to encounter new vocabulary in context.
• Practice with Sample Questions: Use TOEFL practice materials to apply your knowledge.
• Join Study Groups: Discussing words and their meanings with peers can reinforce your learning.

Conclusion

Utilizing roots and affixes is a powerful strategy for tackling the TOEFL reading section. By understanding the building blocks of words, you can enhance your comprehension and improve your performance on test day. Remember, consistent practice will lead to mastery! ???

對于許多托福考生而言,，提升詞匯量是成功的關(guān)鍵之一,。詞匯不僅是語言的基礎(chǔ)，也是理解閱讀材料和聽力內(nèi)容的核心,。以下是一些有效的技巧,，幫助你在托福考試中提升詞匯量。??

1. 制定學習計劃

首先,，你需要制定一個合理的學習計劃,。每天花費一定的時間專注于詞匯學習，例如30分鐘到1小時,。在這個時間段內(nèi),，可以選擇學習10到15個新單詞。使用記憶卡片（flashcards）是一種很好的方法,，可以幫助你快速回顧和鞏固記憶,。??

2. 利用上下文學習單詞

僅僅記住單詞的意思是不夠的。你還需要了解它們在句子中的用法,。嘗試閱讀一些托福相關(guān)的文章或書籍,，并注意生詞的使用。例如,，當你遇到“inevitable”這個詞時,，可以記住它的意思是“不可避免的”，并在句子中看到它的用法：“It is inevitable that technology will continue to evolve.” 通過這種方式,，你可以更好地掌握單詞的語境,。??

3. 進行詞匯分類

將單詞進行分類可以幫助你更系統(tǒng)地學習。例如,，可以按照主題（如環(huán)境,、科技、教育等）或詞性（名詞,、動詞,、形容詞等）來組織單詞。這樣的分類方法能夠幫助你在特定話題下更快地回憶起相關(guān)詞匯,。??

4. 使用在線資源

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供了豐富的學習資源,。你可以使用一些專門為托福考生設(shè)計的網(wǎng)站和應用程序,，如Quizlet,、Memrise等。這些平臺通常提供互動式的學習工具,，幫助你通過游戲和測驗加深對詞匯的理解,。??

5. 多做練習題

在托福考試中,，詞匯的運用是貫穿各個部分的,。因此，做一些托福模擬題可以幫助你熟悉考試形式,，同時檢驗自己的詞匯水平,。例如,，閱讀理解部分常常會出現(xiàn)諸如“predominantly”和“convey”這樣的詞匯。通過做題,，你可以在實際情境中學習這些詞匯,。??

6. 參與討論和寫作

與他人討論或者寫作是鞏固詞匯的有效方法。你可以加入一些托福備考小組,，分享自己的學習經(jīng)驗和心得,。寫作時，盡量使用新學的單詞,，這樣不僅能提高你的表達能力,，還能加深對詞匯的印象。??

7. 復習與鞏固

定期復習是詞匯學習中不可忽視的一環(huán),。每周安排一次復習,，回顧之前學習的單詞?？梢酝ㄟ^測試自己或與朋友互相問答的方式來鞏固記憶,。這樣一來，你的詞匯量將不斷增加,，且會更加牢固,。??

總之，提升托福詞匯量需要耐心和堅持,。通過制定學習計劃,、利用上下文、分類學習,、使用在線資源,、做練習題、參與討論與寫作以及定期復習,，你將能夠有效地提升自己的詞匯水平,，為托福考試做好充分準備,。祝你好運,！??

Preparing for the TOEFL reading section can be daunting, especially when it comes to vocabulary. Understanding common words used in TOEFL passages is crucial for achieving a high score. Here, I will share some strategies and vocabulary that can help you excel. ??

Common TOEFL Vocabulary

Familiarizing yourself with common words can significantly enhance your reading comprehension. Here are some categories of words you might encounter:

• Academic Vocabulary: These words often appear in academic texts. Examples include analyze, interpret, and synthesize.
• Transition Words: These help connect ideas. Look out for words like however, moreover, and consequently.
• Descriptive Language: Words that describe or provide detail, such as significant, notable, and substantial.

Practice with Sample Questions

To effectively prepare, practice with sample questions. Here’s an example:

Reading Passage: "The rise of urban areas has led to increased demands on resources. Cities must adapt to these changes to sustain growth." ??

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer Choices:

1. A) Urban areas are declining.
2. B) Cities need to manage resources better. ?
3. C) Growth is not important.
4. D) Resources are unlimited.

Effective Study Techniques

Here are some techniques that have worked for many students:

• Flashcards: Create flashcards for new words. Include definitions and example sentences. This aids retention.
• Contextual Learning: Read articles or books in English. Note unfamiliar words and look them up in context.
• Practice Tests: Take full-length practice tests under timed conditions to simulate the exam experience.

New Vocabulary to Learn

Here are some new words to add to your vocabulary list:

• Comprehend: To understand something fully.
• Substantiate: To provide evidence to support a claim.
• Facilitate: To make a process easier or more achievable.

Predicted Topics for the TOEFL Reading Section

While the topics can vary, here are some areas that frequently appear:

• Environmental Science: Read about climate change, ecosystems, and conservation efforts.
• History: Expect passages related to significant historical events or figures.
• Technology: Stay updated on advancements and their societal impacts.

Final Tips

As you prepare for the TOEFL reading section, remember to:

• Stay organized with your study materials.
• Regularly review your vocabulary list.
• Practice reading diverse texts to build comprehension skills.

With consistent effort and the right strategies, you can improve your reading skills and vocabulary for the TOEFL exam. Best of luck on your journey! ??