托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實(shí)例解析：荷蘭人開發(fā)優(yōu)良港口,。在備考托福的過程中,，長難句的理解和分析是提升閱讀能力的重要環(huán)節(jié),。本文將通過對一段關(guān)于荷蘭人如何開發(fā)優(yōu)良港口的句子進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解析,，幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對類似的長難句,。

TOEFL Reading Long and Complex Sentence Analysis: The Dutch Develop Excellent Ports

Original Sentence:

The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

Vocabulary Explanation:

mercantile /'m??k(?)nta?l/ adj. pertaining to trade or commerce.

exceptional /?k's?p??nl/ adj. unusual or extraordinary; outstanding.

Structural Breakdown:

The people of the Netherlands, (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping), had difficulty (in developing good harbors suitable for steamships): eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, (with exceptional results) (for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) and (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

In-depth Analysis:

Modifier 1: (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping) - a prepositional phrase modifying "The people of the Netherlands".

Translation: 擁有漁業(yè)和商業(yè)航運(yùn)長期傳統(tǒng)的荷蘭人

Modifier 2: (in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) - a prepositional phrase.

Translation: 在建設(shè)適合蒸汽船的良好港口方面

Modifier 3: (with exceptional results) - a prepositional phrase.

Translation: 取得了卓越的成果

Modifier 4: (for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) - a prepositional phrase.

Translation: 因?yàn)榕c德國及中歐的過境貿(mào)易

Modifier 5: (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) - a prepositional phrase.

Translation: 加工海外食品和原材料

Reference Translation:

有著漁業(yè)和商業(yè)航運(yùn)悠久傳統(tǒng)的荷蘭人,，在發(fā)展適合蒸汽船的良好港口上遇到了困難：最終他們在Rotterdam和Amsterdam成功建立了這樣的港口，并因?yàn)榕c德國及中歐的貿(mào)易以及加工海外食品和原材料（如糖,、煙草,、巧克力、谷物,，最終還有油）而取得了顯著的成果,。

通過以上的分析，我們可以看到,，理解長難句的關(guān)鍵在于抓住句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和修飾成分,。希望這篇解析能幫助托福考生在面對復(fù)雜句子時更加自信,，提高閱讀理解能力,。

Understanding Long Sentences in TOEFL Reading ??

As a TOEFL test taker, one of the challenges you may face is interpreting long and complex sentences in the reading section. These sentences often contain multiple clauses and intricate structures that can confuse even the most prepared students. In this article, we will explore effective strategies for breaking down these lengthy sentences, enhancing your comprehension skills. ??

1. Identify Key Components ??

When you encounter a long sentence, your first step should be to identify its key components. Look for the main subject and verb, as they form the backbone of the sentence. For example:

Example Sentence: The study conducted by researchers at Harvard University, which focused on the effects of climate change on marine life, revealed significant declines in fish populations.

In this sentence, the main subject is "the study" and the main verb is "revealed." Recognizing these elements helps you understand the core message of the sentence.

2. Break It Down into Smaller Parts ??

Next, try to break the sentence into smaller, more manageable parts. You can do this by identifying subordinate clauses and phrases. Using the previous example, we can break it down:

• Main clause: The study revealed significant declines in fish populations.
• Subordinate clause: conducted by researchers at Harvard University.
• Additional information: which focused on the effects of climate change on marine life.

This technique allows you to focus on one part at a time, making it easier to grasp the overall meaning.

3. Look for Transition Words ??

Transition words and phrases can provide clues about how different parts of a sentence relate to each other. Words like "however," "therefore," and "in addition" signal relationships between ideas. For instance:

Example Sentence: Although many species are adapting to changing environments, some, such as the polar bear, are facing severe threats due to habitat loss.

The word "although" indicates a contrast, helping you understand the relationship between adaptation and threat.

4. Practice with Sample Questions ??

To improve your skills, practice with sample questions from TOEFL preparation materials. Here’s an example question based on a long sentence:

Reading Text: The rapid advancement of technology, particularly in artificial intelligence, has transformed industries, leading to both increased efficiency and ethical dilemmas.

Question: What are the two outcomes of technological advancement mentioned in the text?

In this case, the answer would be "increased efficiency" and "ethical dilemmas." Practicing with these types of questions will help you become more comfortable with complex sentence structures.

5. Utilize Online Resources ??

There are numerous online resources and forums where you can find additional practice materials and tips. Websites like ETS and various TOEFL preparation platforms offer valuable insights and exercises specifically designed for reading comprehension. Engaging with these resources can significantly enhance your understanding of long sentences.

6. Take Notes While Reading ???

During your practice sessions, take notes on the main ideas and supporting details as you read. This technique not only reinforces your understanding but also helps you retain information better. Summarizing what you've read in your own words can clarify complex ideas and improve your overall comprehension.

Conclusion

Mastering long sentences in TOEFL reading requires practice and strategy. By identifying key components, breaking sentences down, and utilizing transition words, you can enhance your reading skills. Remember to practice regularly and utilize available resources to further improve your comprehension. Good luck with your TOEFL preparation! ??

TOEFL High-Difficulty Reading Practice

As a TOEFL test taker, you might have noticed that the reading section can be quite challenging. ?? To help you prepare effectively, I will share some tips and practice methods that can enhance your reading skills and boost your confidence on test day.

Understanding the Format

First, it is essential to understand the format of the reading section. You will encounter:

• 3 to 5 passages that vary in length (usually around 700 words each).
• 12 to 14 questions per passage, testing your comprehension, inference, and vocabulary skills.
• Time limit of about 60 to 80 minutes for all passages.

Developing Reading Strategies

To tackle high-difficulty reading passages, consider the following strategies:

• Skimming and Scanning: Quickly skim through the passage to get a general idea of the topic and structure. Look for keywords and phrases that stand out. ??
• Active Reading: Engage with the text by highlighting or taking notes. This helps retain information and improves focus.
• Context Clues: Use surrounding sentences to infer the meaning of unfamiliar words. This skill is crucial for answering vocabulary questions. ??

Practice with Sample Questions

Here’s a sample passage and questions to practice with:

Passage: The concept of "cognitive dissonance" refers to the mental discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs or attitudes. For instance, a person who values health but smokes may feel a sense of unease. This discomfort often leads individuals to change their beliefs or behaviors to reduce the inconsistency.

Questions:

1. What does "cognitive dissonance" mean?
2. Give an example of cognitive dissonance as mentioned in the passage.
3. How might someone resolve cognitive dissonance?

Answers:

1. Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
2. An example is a person who values health but smokes.
3. They might change their behavior (e.g., quitting smoking) or adjust their beliefs (e.g., downplaying the health risks of smoking).

Expanding Vocabulary

A strong vocabulary is vital for success in the reading section. Here are some effective ways to expand your vocabulary:

• Read Widely: Explore various topics such as science, history, and literature. This exposure helps you encounter new words in context.
• Use Flashcards: Create flashcards for new words, including their definitions and example sentences. Review them regularly. ??
• Engage with Online Resources: Websites like Quizlet or Memrise offer interactive vocabulary exercises tailored for TOEFL preparation.

Predicting Topics

Based on recent trends, here are some topics that frequently appear in TOEFL reading passages:

• Environmental Issues
• Technological Advances
• Cultural Studies
• Historical Events

Familiarizing yourself with these subjects will help you anticipate content and improve comprehension.

Listening Practice

In addition to reading, listening can greatly enhance your understanding of complex texts. Listen to academic lectures or podcasts related to potential reading topics. Try to summarize what you hear, as this will help reinforce your comprehension skills. ??

Final Thoughts

Remember, consistent practice is key to mastering the TOEFL reading section. Utilize the strategies mentioned above, engage with diverse materials, and practice regularly. Good luck with your preparations! ??