托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實(shí)例解析：哺乳動(dòng)物的崛起與發(fā)展。在備戰(zhàn)托?？荚嚂r(shí),，閱讀理解能力至關(guān)重要，特別是面對復(fù)雜的長難句,。本文將通過一個(gè)具體例子來幫助考生更好地理解和應(yīng)對這種類型的句子,。

TOEFL Reading Difficult Long Sentence Analysis: The Rise and Development of Mammals

Original Sentence Example:

However, no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and when, after over 200 million years, the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end about 65 million years ago, mammals began to flourish, evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species, including bats and whales, that we know today.

Vocabulary Explanation:

dramatic /dr?'m?t?k/ adj. striking; exciting and impactful

flourish v. /'fl?r??/ to thrive; to grow healthily

terrestrial /t?'restr??l/ adj. relating to land; earthbound

myriad /'m?r??d/ n. countless; a vast number

Structural Breakdown:

However, no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and (when, (after over 200 million years), the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end) (about 65 million years ago), mammals began to flourish, (evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species), (including bats and whales), (that we know today).

In-depth Analysis:

Main Clause:

no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and mammals began to flourish

Modifier 1: (after over 200 million years), prepositional phrase

Translation: 在二億年后

Modifier 2: (when the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end), subordinate clause

Translation: 當(dāng)恐龍時(shí)代突然結(jié)束

Modifier 3: (about 65 million years ago), prepositional phrase

Translation: 大約在六千五百萬年前

Modifier 4: (evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species), non-finite verb phrase

Translation: 從少數(shù)幾種小型陸生動(dòng)物逐漸發(fā)展到無數(shù)的各類物種

Modifier 5: (including bats and whales), parenthetical phrase

Translation: 包括蝙蝠和鯨魚

Modifier 6: (that we know today), subordinate clause

Translation: 我們現(xiàn)在所知道的

Reference Translation:

然而，沒有任何群體或物種能夠無限期地保持其統(tǒng)治地位,。在經(jīng)歷了超過兩億年后,，恐龍的時(shí)代在大約6500萬年前戛然而止，哺乳動(dòng)物開始繁榮,，從相對少數(shù)的小型陸生動(dòng)物演變?yōu)槲覀兘裉焖陌鸷亡L魚在內(nèi)的各種多樣物種,。

通過以上分析,，托福考生可以有效提升對長難句的理解能力,，幫助他們在考試中取得更好的成績,。掌握這些技巧，將使你在面對復(fù)雜句子時(shí)更加自信,。

托?？荚囍械拈喿x部分常常讓考生感到困惑，尤其是長難句的解析,。今天,，我們將分享一些實(shí)用的技巧，幫助你更好地理解這些句子,，從而提高你的閱讀能力和考試成績,。??

1. 理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)

長難句往往包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分，因此理解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)鍵,。首先,，找出主語和謂語，這是理解句子的基礎(chǔ),。例如,，在句子“The committee, which was formed in 1990, has made significant contributions to environmental research.”中，主語是“the committee”,，謂語是“has made”,。這樣我們就能抓住句子的核心意思。??

2. 注意從句的使用

從句是長難句的重要組成部分,。定語從句,、狀語從句和名詞性從句都可能出現(xiàn)在句子中。了解它們的功能可以幫助你更好地理解句子的意思,。例如,，在句子“The discovery of a new species, which was considered extinct, surprised scientists.”中，定語從句“which was considered extinct”提供了關(guān)于新物種的額外信息,。?

3. 注重關(guān)鍵詞的識(shí)別

在閱讀時(shí),，注意句子中的關(guān)鍵詞，如“however”,、“therefore”,、“although”等。這些詞通常指示句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,，有助于你理解作者的意圖,。例如，句子“Although the results were inconclusive, the researchers decided to publish their findings.”中，“Although”表明了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,，提示我們結(jié)果雖不明確,，但研究者仍選擇發(fā)表。??

4. 分段閱讀法

面對長難句,，不妨嘗試分段閱讀,。將句子拆分成幾個(gè)部分，逐一理解,。比如,，對于句子“The ancient Romans, known for their engineering skills, built aqueducts that supplied water to cities, which significantly improved public health.”，可以先理解“known for their engineering skills”的部分,，再理解“built aqueducts that supplied water to cities”,，最后再結(jié)合整體意思。??

5. 多做練習(xí)

通過不斷的練習(xí),，提升自己的解題能力,。可以參考一些托福閱讀材料,，特別是那些包含長難句的文章。以下是一個(gè)練習(xí)題目：

Reading Text: “The impact of climate change on polar bear populations, particularly in the Arctic regions, has raised concerns among scientists and conservationists alike.”

Question: What is the main concern regarding polar bears?

Reference Answer: The main concern is the impact of climate change on their populations in the Arctic regions. ??

6. 使用工具輔助學(xué)習(xí)

利用在線詞典和語法檢查工具,，可以幫助你更好地理解句子的構(gòu)造和含義,。多看看相關(guān)的托福資源，比如官方指南和模擬測試,。這樣,，你會(huì)逐漸適應(yīng)長難句的閱讀方式，提升自己的解題速度和準(zhǔn)確率,。???

通過以上的方法,，相信你能夠更有效地應(yīng)對托福閱讀中的長難句。記住,，理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系是提高閱讀能力的關(guān)鍵,。祝你在托福考試中取得理想的成績,！??

Preparing for the TOEFL exam can be a challenging yet rewarding journey. One interesting topic that often appears in reading and speaking sections is the rise and development of mammals. Understanding this topic not only helps you with your exam but also enriches your general knowledge. Let's delve into some effective strategies to tackle this theme while preparing for the TOEFL. ??

1. Familiarize Yourself with Key Vocabulary

Before diving into practice tests, it's crucial to build a solid vocabulary base related to mammals. Here are some essential words you should know:

• Mammals: Warm-blooded vertebrates with hair or fur, and females possess mammary glands.
• Evolution: The process through which species change over time.
• Adaptation: The process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment.
• Habitat: The natural environment in which an organism lives.
• Extinction: The end of an organism or group of organisms.

2. Practice Reading Comprehension

Reading passages about mammals can often appear in the TOEFL. Here’s a sample reading text you might encounter:

“Mammals first appeared around 200 million years ago during the Mesozoic era. They evolved from small reptilian ancestors. Early mammals were small and nocturnal, adapting to life in the shadows of dinosaurs. As the dinosaurs became extinct, mammals diversified and occupied various ecological niches.”

After reading, you could be asked questions like:

• What era did mammals first appear?
• How did early mammals adapt to their environment?

3. Enhance Listening Skills

Listening exercises are another vital component of the TOEFL. You might hear a lecture discussing mammalian evolution. Here’s a sample listening text:

“Today, we will explore the fascinating journey of mammals. From their humble beginnings as small creatures to the diverse range of species we see today, mammals have adapted remarkably to their environments. For instance, the development of fur allowed them to survive in colder climates.”

Typical questions after such a listening exercise may include:

• What adaptation helped mammals survive in colder climates?
• What is the significance of mammalian diversity?

4. Writing Practice

When it comes to the writing section, you may be asked to discuss the impact of mammals on ecosystems. Here’s a sample prompt:

“Discuss the role of mammals in maintaining ecological balance.”

Your response could include points about how mammals contribute to pollination, seed dispersal, and as predators that control populations of other species. Remember to structure your essay clearly with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

5. Speaking Preparation

In the speaking section, you may need to express your opinion on topics related to mammals. A possible question could be:

“Do you think the conservation of mammals is important? Why or why not?”

In your answer, consider mentioning biodiversity, ecosystem health, and ethical responsibilities towards other species. Use examples to support your viewpoint. ??

6. Practice with Sample Questions

To further enhance your preparation, try answering these new practice questions:

• What are some traits that distinguish mammals from other animal groups?
• How have human activities impacted mammalian populations?

By focusing on these aspects of mammalian evolution and development, you can improve your understanding and performance on the TOEFL exam. Remember to stay consistent with your study schedule and utilize various resources to cover all aspects of the test. Good luck with your preparation! ??

托福高難度閱讀技巧分享

在準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚂r(shí)，閱讀部分往往是考生們最感到棘手的部分之一,。尤其是在面對高難度的文章時(shí),，許多考生會(huì)感到無從下手。下面,，我將分享一些有效的閱讀技巧,，幫助你提升閱讀理解能力，順利通過托福考試,。??

1. 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)

高難度閱讀文章通常有明確的結(jié)構(gòu),，包括引言、主體和結(jié)論,。了解這一點(diǎn)可以幫助你更快地定位信息,。以下是一些常見的結(jié)構(gòu)類型：

• Chronological order（時(shí)間順序）
• Causal relationship（因果關(guān)系）
• Compare and contrast（比較與對比）

掌握這些結(jié)構(gòu)可以讓你在閱讀時(shí)迅速抓住重點(diǎn)，節(jié)省時(shí)間,。?

2. 關(guān)鍵詞和信號(hào)詞的識(shí)別

在閱讀過程中，注意關(guān)鍵詞和信號(hào)詞可以幫助你理解文章的主旨,。例如：“however”表示轉(zhuǎn)折,，“furthermore”表示添加信息。這些詞匯能夠引導(dǎo)你理解作者的邏輯思路,。??

3. 精讀與略讀結(jié)合

在高難度閱讀中,，精讀和略讀是兩種重要的閱讀方式。針對不同類型的問題,，你需要選擇合適的方式：

• 精讀：對于需要深入理解的段落,，仔細(xì)閱讀每一句話，確保理解其含義,。
• 略讀：對于一些不太重要的段落，可以快速瀏覽,，抓住大意即可,。

這種結(jié)合使用的方法可以提高你的閱讀效率。?

4. 多做模擬題

通過做大量的模擬題,，可以幫助你熟悉托福閱讀的題型和難度。以下是一個(gè)范文和題目示例,，供你練習(xí)：

Passage: “The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history. It began in the late 18th century and continued into the 19th century, leading to significant changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation.”

Question: What was one of the main impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer: It led to significant changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation.

通過這樣的練習(xí),，你不僅可以提高閱讀速度，還能增強(qiáng)對文章內(nèi)容的理解能力,。??

5. 學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)詞匯

托福閱讀中的文章涉及多個(gè)學(xué)科,，因此掌握一些專業(yè)詞匯是非常重要的。建議考生每天學(xué)習(xí)一定數(shù)量的新詞匯,，并嘗試在上下文中使用它們,。例如：

• Ecology: The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
• Economics: The study of how societies use scarce resources.

積累詞匯量將極大提升你的閱讀理解能力。??

6. 時(shí)間管理

托福閱讀部分時(shí)間有限,，因此合理的時(shí)間管理至關(guān)重要,。建議在每篇文章上花費(fèi)不超過20分鐘，確保留出足夠的時(shí)間回答問題?？梢試L試使用定時(shí)器進(jìn)行練習(xí),，以提高你的時(shí)間意識(shí)。??

7. 討論與交流

與其他考生交流經(jīng)驗(yàn),，討論閱讀技巧也是一種有效的學(xué)習(xí)方式,。你可以加入學(xué)習(xí)小組，分享彼此的理解和策略,，這樣不僅能加深記憶,，還能獲得新的視角。??

通過以上技巧的練習(xí)和應(yīng)用,，相信你能在托福高難度閱讀中取得更好的成績,。祝你備考順利！