托福閱讀長難句分析

在托?？荚囍?，閱讀部分常常會出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的長難句，理解這些句子對考生來說至關(guān)重要,。以下是一個關(guān)于古代社會性別不平等的句子分析,。

原句案例：

Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.

詞匯講解：

inequality n. 不平等

pastoralist /'pæst?r?list/ n. 牧民,，畜牧者

steep /sti?p/ adj. 陡峭的，過高的

hierarchy /'ha??rɑ?k?/ n. 等級制度

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened (by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) (in most communities), and (also by the requirement) (that women acquire most of the skills of men), (including, often, their military skills).

這句話的核心是：“they seem to have been softened”,。

修飾一：(by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth)，介詞短語,，中文意思是“沒有嚴(yán)格的財富等級”,。

修飾二：(in most communities)，介詞短語,，中文意思是“在大多數(shù)社區(qū)中”,。

修飾三：(also by the requirement)，介詞短語,，“也由于需要”,。

修飾四：(that women acquire most of the skills of men),，從句，中文意思是“女性獲得男性的大部分技能”,。

修飾物：(including, often, their military skills),，介詞短語,，中文意思是“包括她們常用的軍事技能”。

參考翻譯：

性別不平等在牧民社會中也存在,，但在大多數(shù)社區(qū)中,，由于缺乏嚴(yán)格的財富等級制度以及女性需要掌握男性的大部分技能（常常包括軍事技能）,，這種不平等似乎得到了緩解,。

通過以上分析，考生可以更好地理解托福閱讀中的長難句,，提高解題能力,。在備考過程中,，掌握長難句的解析技巧將幫助你在考試中取得更好的成績,。

在備考托福的過程中,，閱讀部分常常讓考生感到困惑,，尤其是長難句的理解,。為了幫助大家更好地應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)，本文將分享一些有效的解析技巧和經(jīng)驗,，讓你在面對復(fù)雜句子時能夠游刃有余,。

一、理解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu) ???

在分析長難句之前,，首先要了解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),。一般來說，句子由主語,、謂語和賓語構(gòu)成,。在長難句中，這些成分可能會被插入的從句,、短語或修飾詞所打斷,。因此,，抓住句子的主干是理解的第一步。例如：

“The research conducted by scientists, which was published in a leading journal, suggests that climate change is accelerating.”

在這個句子中,，主語是“The research”,，謂語是“suggests”，賓語是“that climate change is accelerating”,。通過識別這些成分,，可以更容易地理解句子的意思,。

二,、識別從句和短語 ??

長難句中常常包含多個從句和短語,，這些成分可以提供額外的信息,，但也可能使句子變得復(fù)雜,。要有效解析這些句子，考生需要學(xué)會識別不同類型的從句,，比如定語從句,、狀語從句等,。比如：

“Although the theory was initially controversial, it has gained widespread acceptance among researchers who study the phenomenon.”

在這里,，“Although the theory was initially controversial”是一個狀語從句,，提供了背景信息，而“who study the phenomenon”是一個定語從句,，用來修飾“researchers”,。

三、注意連接詞的使用 ??

連接詞在長難句中起著重要作用,，它們通常指示句子之間的關(guān)系,。掌握一些常見的連接詞及其用法，可以幫助我們更好地理解句子的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu),。例如：

• However: 表示轉(zhuǎn)折
• Furthermore: 表示遞進(jìn)
• Because: 表示原因

例如：

“The experiment failed to produce the expected results; however, it provided valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms.”

在這個句子中,，“however”清楚地表明了前后兩部分之間的對比關(guān)系。

四,、練習(xí)與應(yīng)用 ??

最后,，建議考生多做一些長難句的練習(xí)，以提高自己的解析能力,?？梢酝ㄟ^閱讀學(xué)術(shù)文章,、參加模擬考試等方式來積累經(jīng)驗。此外,，使用在線資源和學(xué)習(xí)小組也是很好的選擇,，能夠幫助你及時解決疑問。

例如,，可以嘗試解析以下句子：

“Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, many companies have adapted quickly to the changing market conditions, which has led to unexpected growth in certain sectors.”

在解析時,，注意識別主干和從句，理解句子的整體意思,。

結(jié)尾提醒 ??

長難句的解析需要時間和耐心,，但只要掌握了方法，就一定能在托福閱讀中取得更好的成績,。希望以上分享能夠幫助到各位考生,，在接下來的復(fù)習(xí)中取得進(jìn)步！

Understanding Gender Inequality in Ancient Societies

Gender inequality has been a pervasive issue throughout history, particularly in ancient societies. This article aims to provide insights into how gender roles were constructed and maintained, and the implications of these roles for both men and women. ??

Historical Context

In many ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, social structures were heavily influenced by patriarchal norms. Men typically held positions of power, while women's roles were often confined to domestic spheres. The division of labor was clear: men were warriors and leaders, whereas women were expected to manage the household and raise children. ??

Social Implications

The implications of this gender inequality were profound. Women had limited access to education and political rights, which hindered their ability to influence societal change. For example, in ancient Greece, women could not participate in politics or own property, which restricted their autonomy and economic freedom. ??

Cultural Narratives

Cultural narratives also played a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Myths and stories often depicted women as subservient or morally weaker than men. These narratives reinforced the idea that men were natural leaders and protectors, while women were seen as caretakers. Such representations had long-lasting effects on societal views regarding gender roles. ??

Resistance and Change

Despite the prevailing norms, there were instances of resistance. Some women in ancient societies managed to break free from traditional roles. For instance, figures like Cleopatra and Boudica challenged the status quo and wielded power in ways that were uncommon for their time. Their stories remind us that even in oppressive environments, individuals can defy expectations. ??

Modern Reflections

Understanding the roots of gender inequality in ancient societies can help us address contemporary issues. Today's discussions around gender equality often reflect historical patterns, emphasizing the need for continued advocacy and awareness. As we strive for a more equitable society, recognizing the past is essential. ??

TOEFL Preparation Tips

For TOEFL exam takers, being familiar with topics like gender inequality can be beneficial for both reading and writing sections. Here are some tips:

• Read articles and books about historical gender roles to enhance your vocabulary. ??
• Practice summarizing key points to improve your comprehension skills. ??
• Engage in discussions about gender issues to develop your speaking abilities. ???

Sample Questions

Here are some potential questions you might encounter related to this topic:

• What were the main roles of women in ancient societies?
• How did cultural narratives shape gender roles?
• Can you provide examples of women who resisted traditional roles?

Vocabulary to Know

Familiarize yourself with the following terms:

• Patriarchy
• Autonomy
• Subservient
• Resistance
• Equity

Conclusion

By exploring the historical context of gender inequality, we can better understand its impact on modern society. This knowledge not only enriches our perspective but also prepares us for discussions in academic settings, including the TOEFL exam. Best of luck with your studies! ??