托福：科學(xué)美國(guó)人聽力原文——科學(xué)家或揭開人們追尋記憶味道的奧秘

在托福備考中，聽力材料的選擇至關(guān)重要,。《科學(xué)美國(guó)人》的“六十秒科學(xué)”提供了豐富的科學(xué)知識(shí)，幫助考生提升聽力理解能力,。以下是對(duì)一項(xiàng)關(guān)于食物記憶的研究的改寫，希望能為大家的學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)啟發(fā),。

Research Findings

In the classic novel Remembrance of Things Past by Marcel Proust, a single taste of a cake can trigger a cascade of memories. Recent research has revealed that the strength of your memory associated with specific foods significantly influences your choices, regardless of the food’s actual appeal.

This intriguing study, published in the journal Neuron, involved 30 young participants who were asked to evaluate various snacks like potato chips and chocolate without any physical food present. Instead, these snacks were simply displayed on screens linked to different locations.

Methodology

After rating the snacks, participants were then instructed to select between two locations as stand-ins for the snacks. Surprisingly, the results indicated that participants preferred options tied to stronger memories over their initial taste ratings. This suggests that memory often outweighs taste when making food choices.

Neuroscience Insights

The researchers also discovered that this decision-making process enhanced communication between the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory, and the frontal lobe, responsible for decision-making. This finding may explain why familiarity tends to dominate our food choices, resulting in similar shopping lists week after week.

In conclusion, this study sheds light on how our memories of food influence our eating habits, providing valuable insights for anyone looking to understand their dietary preferences better. Understanding these dynamics could be particularly beneficial for students preparing for exams like the TOEFL, where comprehension of scientific concepts can enhance their overall performance.

在準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨倪^(guò)程中，聽力部分常常讓考生感到挑戰(zhàn),。為了幫助大家提高聽力理解能力,，以下是一些有效的記憶技巧和策略，希望能為你的備考之路提供一些幫助,！??

1. 理解聽力材料的結(jié)構(gòu)

托福聽力通常由對(duì)話和講座組成,。了解這些材料的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你更好地把握內(nèi)容。例如,，講座通常會(huì)有引言,、主體和結(jié)論。在聽的時(shí)候,，可以提前預(yù)測(cè)接下來(lái)可能討論的內(nèi)容,，這樣能夠更好地集中注意力。

2. 做好筆記

在聽的過(guò)程中,，記筆記是一項(xiàng)非常重要的技能,。嘗試使用縮寫和符號(hào)來(lái)快速記錄關(guān)鍵信息。比如：

• “&”代表“和”
• “→”表示因果關(guān)系
• “?”表示不確定或需要進(jìn)一步思考的問(wèn)題

通過(guò)這樣的方式,，你可以在聽完后快速回顧所聽到的內(nèi)容,。

3. 關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞

在聽力材料中，關(guān)鍵詞往往能夠幫助你抓住主要信息,。注意那些重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞匯和短語(yǔ),，它們通常是講者強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。此外,，留意轉(zhuǎn)折詞（如“however”,、“but”等），這些詞可以幫助你理解觀點(diǎn)的變化,。

4. 多進(jìn)行模擬練習(xí)

定期進(jìn)行模擬測(cè)試是提升聽力能力的有效方法,。你可以使用官方托福練習(xí)材料，或者在網(wǎng)上找到相關(guān)資源,。每次練習(xí)后,，仔細(xì)分析錯(cuò)誤的部分，找出自己薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。記得做題時(shí)要保持專注,，不要輕易放棄,！??

5. 提高背景知識(shí)

托福聽力的內(nèi)容涉及多個(gè)學(xué)科，包括科學(xué),、歷史和藝術(shù)等,。增加相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的背景知識(shí)，可以幫助你更好地理解聽力材料,。例如,，如果你知道一些關(guān)于生態(tài)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，那么在聽生態(tài)學(xué)相關(guān)的講座時(shí)就會(huì)更加得心應(yīng)手,。

6. 聽不同口音

托福聽力中可能會(huì)遇到各種口音,，因此建議你多聽不同地區(qū)的英語(yǔ)材料，比如美式英語(yǔ),、英式英語(yǔ)和澳大利亞英語(yǔ),。這樣不僅能提高你的聽力理解能力，還能幫助你適應(yīng)不同的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào),。

7. 定期復(fù)習(xí)

將聽到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)也是非常重要的,。選擇一些之前做過(guò)的聽力材料，重新聽一遍并嘗試不看筆記,，只憑記憶回答問(wèn)題,。這種方法能夠幫助你鞏固記憶,，提升信息提取的能力,。

8. 保持積極的心態(tài)

最后，保持積極的心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵,。面對(duì)困難時(shí),，不要?dú)怵H?？梢院推渌忌涣鹘?jīng)驗(yàn),，分享各自的學(xué)習(xí)方法?；ハ喙膭?lì),，形成一個(gè)良好的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍，對(duì)提高聽力水平大有裨益,！??

希望以上的技巧能幫助你在托福聽力部分取得更好的成績(jī),！祝你備考順利！??

As a TOEFL test taker, one of the most challenging sections is often the listening component. Among the various resources available, Scientific American offers excellent materials that can help you improve your listening skills effectively. Here’s how to make the most of these resources. ??

Understanding the Format

The TOEFL listening section typically includes conversations and academic lectures. Familiarizing yourself with the format is crucial. For instance, you might encounter a question like:

“What is the main idea of the lecture?”

This type of question assesses your ability to grasp the overall theme of the audio. ??

Utilizing Scientific American Materials

One effective way to practice is by using listening materials from Scientific American. They provide a variety of topics ranging from biology to technology. Here’s how to approach it:

• Choose Relevant Topics: Pick articles or podcasts that interest you. This will keep you engaged and motivated. ??
• Active Listening: Listen to the material without distractions. Focus on understanding the content rather than just hearing the words.
• Take Notes: While listening, jot down key points or new vocabulary. This will help reinforce your memory and comprehension.

Example Listening Material

Consider a podcast episode titled "The Future of Renewable Energy." During the listening session, pay attention to the following:

• Main Ideas: What are the key arguments presented? (E.g., benefits of solar energy)
• Supporting Details: What examples does the speaker use? (E.g., statistics on energy consumption)
• Vocabulary: Note any unfamiliar terms and look them up later.

Practice with Sample Questions

After listening, practice answering questions. For example:

“What are two advantages of renewable energy mentioned in the podcast?”

Answering such questions will help you prepare for the TOEFL exam format. ??

New Topics and Predictions

Stay updated with current scientific discussions. Topics like climate change or artificial intelligence are frequently discussed in various media. Practicing with these subjects can give you an edge in your TOEFL preparation. ??

Listening Strategies

Here are some strategies that can enhance your listening skills:

• Replay Difficult Sections: If you find a part challenging, don’t hesitate to listen again. Repetition aids comprehension.
• Discuss with Peers: Join study groups where you can discuss what you've listened to. Teaching others helps solidify your understanding.
• Use Transcripts: If available, read along with transcripts as you listen. This can help you connect spoken words with their written forms.

Vocabulary Building

Enhancing your vocabulary is essential for the TOEFL. Here are some useful words you might encounter:

• Innovative: introducing new ideas; original and creative in thinking.
• Viable: capable of working successfully; feasible.
• Mitigate: make less severe, serious, or painful.

By integrating these strategies into your study routine, you can significantly improve your listening skills for the TOEFL exam. Remember, consistency is key! Good luck with your preparation! ??