托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：加強(qiáng)雅典中央政府管理。在備考托福過程中,，閱讀理解部分常常包含一些復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句。本文將通過具體的例子幫助考生掌握如何分析和理解這些句子,，從而提高閱讀能力。

Analysis of Complex Sentences in TOEFL Reading

Original Sentence Example:

The Peisistratids strengthened Athenian central administration (as the succession of tyrants were called after the founder of the dynasty, Peisistratos) at the expense of the aristocracy (by appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals that tended to focus attention on Athens rather than on local villages of the surrounding region).

Vocabulary Explanation:

tyrant /'ta?r?nt/ n. - A ruler who wields absolute power, often in a cruel or oppressive manner.

aristocracy /?ær?'st?kr?s?/ n. - A class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially the nobility.

coinage /'k??n?d?/ n. - The system of money in general use in a particular country.

embellish /?m'bel??/ v. - To make something more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features.

Structural Breakdown:

The core of the sentence is:

The Peisistratids strengthened Athenian central administration

Modifier 1: (as the succession of tyrants were called (after the founder of the dynasty, Peisistratos)) - a clause

Modifier 2: (at the expense of the aristocracy) - a prepositional phrase

Modifier 3: (by appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals) - a prepositional phrase with three parallel gerunds:

appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals

Modifier 4: (that tended to focus attention on Athens rather than on local villages of the surrounding region) - a clause modifying festivals

Reference Translation:

Peisistratids—who are referred to as the successors of tyrants (after the dynasty's founder, Peisistratos)—strengthened the central administration of Athens at the cost of the aristocracy by appointing judges in the region, establishing Athens' first national coinage, and enhancing festivals that focused more on Athens than on the local villages surrounding it.

通過以上例子,，托?？忌梢愿玫乩斫夂头治鲩L(zhǎng)難句。掌握這些技巧,，將有助于在考試中取得更好的成績(jī),。希望大家在備考過程中能夠充分利用這些方法，提升自己的閱讀理解能力,。

在托?？荚囍校喿x部分常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些長(zhǎng)難句,，這些句子可能會(huì)讓考生感到困惑,。為了幫助大家更好地理解這些句子，本文將分享一些解析長(zhǎng)難句的技巧和方法,，同時(shí)附上一些例句和練習(xí),，幫助你提高閱讀能力。??

1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)

首先,，我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句通常包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分,。識(shí)別主句和從句是關(guān)鍵。主句是句子的核心,，而從句則提供了額外的信息,。例如：

"Although the research was conducted over a decade ago, the findings remain relevant in today's context."

在這個(gè)句子中，“Although the research was conducted over a decade ago”是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,，而“the findings remain relevant in today's context”是主句,。理解這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你快速把握句子的意思。??

2. 拆分長(zhǎng)句

當(dāng)面對(duì)一個(gè)特別復(fù)雜的句子時(shí),，可以嘗試將其拆分為幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子,。例如：

"The committee, which had been meeting for several months, finally reached a decision that would impact the entire community."

可以拆分為兩個(gè)句子：“The committee had been meeting for several months.” 和 “The committee finally reached a decision that would impact the entire community.” 這樣做有助于降低理解難度,。??

3. 注意連接詞

連接詞在長(zhǎng)難句中起著重要作用，它們幫助我們理解句子之間的關(guān)系,。例如：

"Despite the initial setbacks, the project, which involved numerous stakeholders, was completed on time."

在這個(gè)句子中,，“Despite”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，而“which involved numerous stakeholders”是對(duì)“the project”的補(bǔ)充說明,。了解這些連接詞的含義可以使句子的邏輯關(guān)系更加清晰,。??

4. 識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞

在閱讀長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助你抓住句子的主旨,。比如：

"The increase in global temperatures has led to a rise in sea levels, which poses a significant threat to coastal cities."

關(guān)鍵詞包括“increase,” “rise,” 和 “threat,。” 這些詞匯能夠指引你理解句子的主要信息,。??

5. 實(shí)踐與練習(xí)

理解長(zhǎng)難句的最佳方式是通過實(shí)踐,。以下是一些練習(xí)題，供你參考：

1. Read the following sentence and identify the main clause:

"While many people believe that technology enhances communication, others argue that it creates barriers."

答案：Main clause is "others argue that it creates barriers."

2. Break down this sentence into simpler parts:

"The novel, which was published in 1995, explores themes of identity and belonging through its complex characters."

答案：The novel was published in 1995. It explores themes of identity and belonging through its complex characters.

6. 參考資料

為了進(jìn)一步提高你的閱讀能力,，可以參考一些在線資源和書籍,，例如：

• Official TOEFL iBT Tests
• TOEFL Reading Practice Online
• Academic Vocabulary in Use

這些資料不僅提供了豐富的練習(xí)，還能幫助你熟悉考試的題型和要求,。??

通過以上的方法和技巧,，相信你能在托福閱讀中更好地應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的挑戰(zhàn)。不斷練習(xí),，提升自己的閱讀理解能力,，為你的托福考試做好充分準(zhǔn)備,！??

雅典中央政府管理托福閱讀實(shí)例 ???

對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨目忌鷣碚f，掌握閱讀部分的技巧至關(guān)重要,。本文將通過一個(gè)關(guān)于“雅典中央政府管理”的閱讀實(shí)例,，幫助考生更好地理解如何應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀題目。

Reading Passage:

The central government of Athens played a vital role in the administration of the city-state. It was responsible for decision-making, taxation, and the implementation of laws. The government was composed of various bodies, including the Assembly, which was open to all male citizens, and the Council of 500, which prepared the agenda for the Assembly. This structure allowed for a degree of direct democracy, as citizens could participate actively in governance.

Key Vocabulary: central government, administration, decision-making, taxation, Assembly, Council of 500, direct democracy

Example Questions:

• What was the primary role of the central government in Athens?
• Who could participate in the Assembly?
• How did the Council of 500 contribute to Athenian democracy?

在處理這些問題時(shí),，考生需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1. 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu) ??

雅典中央政府管理的文章通常會(huì)有清晰的結(jié)構(gòu),。了解每一段的主旨可以幫助你迅速找到答案。例如,，第一段可能概述了政府的角色,，而后面的段落則詳細(xì)說明了各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的功能。

2. 抓住關(guān)鍵詞 ??

在閱讀過程中,，注意關(guān)鍵詞和短語(yǔ),。這些詞通常是問題中的關(guān)鍵。例如,，“Assembly”和“Council of 500”都是理解問題的關(guān)鍵要素,。通過上下文來推測(cè)這些詞的意義,，可以幫助你更好地回答相關(guān)問題。

3. 練習(xí)時(shí)間管理 ?

托福閱讀部分時(shí)間有限,，因此考生需要學(xué)會(huì)快速閱讀和定位信息,。建議在練習(xí)時(shí)，設(shè)定時(shí)間限制,，以提高自己的閱讀速度和準(zhǔn)確性,。

4. 多做模擬題 ??

通過做大量的模擬題，考生可以熟悉題型和考試格式,。例如,，考生可以利用以下新題進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

New Question:

• Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Assembly and the Council of 500?
• According to the passage, what was one limitation of Athenian democracy?

通過這些模擬題，考生不僅能鞏固知識(shí),，還能提升解題能力,。

5. 聽力與閱讀結(jié)合 ????

托福考試中,，聽力和閱讀是兩個(gè)重要部分,。考生可以通過聽與雅典中央政府相關(guān)的講座或討論來增強(qiáng)理解能力,。這種結(jié)合有助于加深對(duì)材料的記憶和理解。

參考答案:

• The primary role of the central government in Athens was to manage decision-making and implement laws.
• Only male citizens could participate in the Assembly.
• The Council of 500 contributed by preparing the agenda for the Assembly.

總之,，通過以上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧,，考生可以更有效地準(zhǔn)備托福閱讀部分。希望每位考生都能在考試中取得理想的成績(jī),！加油,！??