在托?？荚囍校喿x部分常常包含一些高難度的長(zhǎng)難句,，這些句子對(duì)考生的理解能力提出了挑戰(zhàn),。本文將通過分析一段關(guān)于冰川架結(jié)構(gòu)形成原理的文章，幫助考生掌握解析長(zhǎng)難句的技巧,。

TOEFL Reading: Analysis of Complex Sentences - The Formation of Ice Shelf Structures

Original Sentence Example:

Vocabulary Explanation:

penetrate /'pen?tre?t/ v. to enter or pass through something; to fill or pervade

compact /k?m'pækt/ v. to press (something) tightly together

Structural Breakdown:

The ice shelf cores, (with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)), were long enough (to penetrate through glacial ice) (which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles) (and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice) (formed from seawater) (that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice.)

In-depth Analysis:

Modifier 1: (with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)) - Prepositional phrase modifying "the ice shelf cores". This modifying element typically appears at the end.

Translation: 總長(zhǎng)為215米(705英尺)

Modifier 2: (to penetrate through glacial ice) - Non-finite verb phrase.

Translation: 穿透冰川冰

Modifier 3: (which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles) - Relative clause modifying "glacial ice".

Translation: 由壓縮的雪形成并且包含氣泡

Modifier 4: (to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice) - Non-finite verb phrase.

Translation: 繼續(xù)進(jìn)入清澈的,、沒有氣泡的冰

Modifier 5: (formed from seawater) - Non-finite verb phrase modifying "the clear, bubble-free ice".

Translation: 由海水形成

Modifier 6: (that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice.) - Relative clause modifying "seawater".

Translation: 凝固于冰川冰底部

Main Structure: The main clause "The ice shelf cores were long enough" is separated by the prepositional phrase "with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)".

Reference Translation:

總長(zhǎng)為215米(705英尺)的冰架核足以穿透由壓縮的雪形成且包含氣泡的冰川冰，并繼續(xù)進(jìn)入清澈,、無氣泡的冰,，這些冰是由凝固在冰川冰底部的海水形成的。

通過以上分析,，希望托?？忌軌蛴行д莆臻L(zhǎng)難句的解析技巧，輕松應(yīng)對(duì)閱讀部分的挑戰(zhàn),，取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù),。

Understanding the Formation Principles of Glacier Arch Structures ??

For students preparing for the TOEFL exam, grasping complex scientific concepts can be quite challenging. One fascinating topic worth exploring is the formation of glacier arch structures. In this article, we will delve into the principles behind these unique formations, breaking down the key concepts to make them more accessible.

1. The Basics of Glacier Formation ???

Glaciers are massive, slow-moving rivers of ice that form in areas where the accumulation of snow exceeds its melting over many years. The process begins with snowfall, which compresses into firn and eventually transforms into glacial ice. Understanding this foundational concept is crucial as it sets the stage for how glaciers develop various structures.

2. What Are Glacier Arch Structures? ???

Glacier arch structures are natural formations that occur when certain conditions within a glacier lead to the development of arches. These structures are typically formed in areas where the ice is under tension and experiences significant melting or fracturing. As the glacier moves, it can create these stunning and intricate shapes.

3. Factors Contributing to Arch Formation ??

Several factors contribute to the formation of glacier arches:

• Temperature Variations: Fluctuations in temperature can cause parts of the glacier to melt more rapidly, leading to structural changes.
• Ice Flow Dynamics: The movement of ice within the glacier plays a critical role. Areas under tension may stretch and form arches as the glacier advances.
• Topographical Influences: The underlying landscape can affect how the glacier flows and behaves, influencing where arches might form.

4. The Role of Erosion ???

Erosion also plays a significant role in shaping glacier arch structures. As the glacier moves, it erodes the bedrock beneath it, creating depressions and valleys. Over time, this erosion can lead to the formation of arches as sections of the glacier become unsupported and collapse inward, forming an arch shape.

5. Observing Glacier Arches ??

For TOEFL students, understanding glacier arches can also be enhanced through observation. Many regions around the world, such as Alaska and Iceland, offer opportunities to see these formations firsthand. Observing the interplay of light and ice can provide a deeper appreciation for the natural processes at work.

6. Importance of Conservation ??

As climate change continues to impact our planet, the study of glacier arch structures becomes increasingly important. These formations are indicators of environmental changes and can help scientists understand the broader implications of global warming. For students, recognizing the significance of these structures can enhance their understanding of climate science and conservation efforts.

7. Preparing for the TOEFL ??

When preparing for the TOEFL, consider incorporating scientific topics like glacier arch formation into your study routine. This not only broadens your knowledge base but also helps improve your reading comprehension and vocabulary. Familiarize yourself with relevant terms such as “glacier,” “erosion,” and “topography” to enhance your academic language skills.

In conclusion, the formation of glacier arch structures is a captivating subject that intertwines geology, climate science, and environmental awareness. By understanding the principles behind these formations, TOEFL students can enrich their knowledge and prepare more effectively for the exam.

對(duì)于許多托福考生來說,，閱讀部分的長(zhǎng)難句常常是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),。掌握一些有效的技巧可以幫助你更好地理解這些句子，從而提高你的閱讀分?jǐn)?shù),。以下是一些實(shí)用的策略和建議,，希望能幫助你在托福閱讀中游刃有余！???

1. 理解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

長(zhǎng)難句通常包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分,，因此,，理解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)至關(guān)重要,。首先，找出句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞,，這將幫助你把握句子的核心意思,。例如：

“Although the weather was inclement, the event, which had been planned for months, proceeded as scheduled.”

在這個(gè)句子中，主句是“the event proceeded as scheduled”,，而“Although the weather was inclement”是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句,。

2. 學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別從句

長(zhǎng)難句中的從句可能會(huì)讓人感到困惑。識(shí)別不同類型的從句（如定語從句,、狀語從句等）有助于理清句子的邏輯關(guān)系,。例如：

“The book that I borrowed from the library, which is located downtown, was fascinating.”

這里，“that I borrowed from the library”是定語從句,，而“which is located downtown”提供了額外信息。理解這些從句的功能,，可以幫助你更快地抓住句子的主旨,。

3. 注意連接詞的使用

連接詞在長(zhǎng)難句中起著橋梁作用，幫助我們理解句子之間的關(guān)系,。常見的連接詞包括“although”,、“because”、“however”等,。它們指示了因果關(guān)系,、對(duì)比關(guān)系等。例如：

“Despite the challenges, the researchers were able to conclude their study, which was published in a prestigious journal.”

在這個(gè)句子中,，“Despite the challenges”表明了一個(gè)對(duì)比關(guān)系,，強(qiáng)調(diào)了研究者的堅(jiān)韌。

4. 拆分句子

如果一個(gè)句子過于復(fù)雜,，不妨嘗試將其拆分為幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子,。這樣做可以幫助你逐步理解每個(gè)部分的意思。例如：

“The discovery of the ancient artifact, which was found during the excavation, has changed our understanding of history.”

可以拆分為：“The discovery of the ancient artifact has changed our understanding of history. The artifact was found during the excavation.”

5. 多做練習(xí)

熟能生巧,，長(zhǎng)期練習(xí)是提高閱讀能力的關(guān)鍵,。可以通過閱讀學(xué)術(shù)文章,、報(bào)紙或其他英文材料來增強(qiáng)自己的閱讀理解能力,。嘗試回答以下問題，以檢驗(yàn)?zāi)愕睦斫猓?/p>

“What impact did the discovery have on our understanding of history?”

通過不斷練習(xí),，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力逐漸提升,。????

6. 使用輔助工具

在備考過程中，借助一些工具也是非常有幫助的,。例如,，使用在線詞典或翻譯軟件可以幫助你理解不熟悉的單詞和短語,。此外，參加托福培訓(xùn)班或閱讀相關(guān)書籍也能為你提供更多的策略和技巧,。

希望以上的技巧能夠幫助你在托福閱讀中應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的挑戰(zhàn),！記得保持耐心和積極的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，你一定能夠取得理想的成績(jī),！??