在托?？荚囍校喿x部分常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些復(fù)雜的長難句,，這些句子不僅結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,，而且涉及到豐富的歷史和政治背景。本文將通過分析一段關(guān)于雅典貴族力量削弱的長難句,，幫助考生提升對(duì)長難句的理解能力,。

Example Sentence:

The strength of the Athenian aristocracy was further weakened (during the rest of the century) (by the rise of a type of government) (known as a tyranny), (which is a form of interim rule by a popular strongman) (not rule (by a ruthless dictator) (as the modem use of the term suggests to us)).

Vocabulary Breakdown:

tyranny /'t?r?ni/ n. 殘暴，專橫，專制

interim /'?nt?r?m/ adj. 臨時(shí)的,，暫時(shí)的

ruthless /'ru?θl?s/ adj. 無憐憫心的,，殘忍的

dictator /d?k'te?t?/ n. 獨(dú)裁者;霸道的人，愛發(fā)號(hào)施令者

rule n. 統(tǒng)治,，管理

Structure Analysis:

The main clause is:

The strength of the Athenian aristocracy was further weakened

Modifier One: (during the rest of the century), a prepositional phrase

Translation: 在這個(gè)世紀(jì)剩余的時(shí)間里

Modifier Two: (by the rise of a type of government), a prepositional phrase

Translation: 一種類型政府的崛起

Modifier Three: (known as a tyranny), a non-finite verb phrase

Translation: 稱之為專制

Modifier Four: (which is a form of interim rule by a popular strongman), a relative clause

Translation: 它是被一個(gè)鐵腕人物暫時(shí)管理的一種形式

Modifier Five: (by a ruthless dictator), a prepositional phrase

Translation: 通過一個(gè)無情的獨(dú)裁者

Modifier Six: (as the modern use of the term suggests to us), a relative clause

Translation: 正如現(xiàn)在使用這個(gè)詞表明的那樣

Reference Translation:

在這個(gè)世紀(jì)剩余的時(shí)間里,，雅典貴族的力量由于專制政府——它是被一個(gè)鐵腕人物暫時(shí)管理的一種形式（而不是我們現(xiàn)在使用這個(gè)詞所指的無情獨(dú)裁者）——的興起進(jìn)一步削弱了。

以上就是對(duì)托福閱讀中長難句的解析與訓(xùn)練,，希望考生們能夠通過這樣的分析方法更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)長難句,，順利獲得高分。

托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實(shí)例解析：雅典貴族力量的削弱,，幫助考生們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中掌握復(fù)雜句子的解析技巧,，提升閱讀理解能力。

托福閱讀長難句解析經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享

對(duì)于許多托?？忌鷣碚f,，閱讀部分常常是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的部分之一。尤其是長難句的解析,，往往讓人感到困惑,。為了幫助大家更好地理解這些句子，下面我將分享一些實(shí)用的技巧和經(jīng)驗(yàn),。

1. 理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)

在面對(duì)長難句時(shí),，首先要做的是分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。通常,，這些句子會(huì)包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分,。找出主句和從句是關(guān)鍵。例如：

Although the research has been conducted over several years, the results remain inconclusive.

在這個(gè)句子中,，“Although the research has been conducted over several years”是一個(gè)從句,，而“the results remain inconclusive”是主句。通過這樣的分析,，我們可以更清楚地理解句子的意思,。

2. 識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞

長難句中往往會(huì)有一些關(guān)鍵詞，它們能夠幫助我們把握句子的核心意思,。比如,，在上述例句中，“results”和“inconclusive”是理解句子的重要詞匯,。記住,，關(guān)注動(dòng)詞和名詞，因?yàn)樗鼈兺ǔ３休d著句子的主要信息,。

3. 使用上下文推理

在閱讀過程中,，上下文的理解非常重要,。有時(shí)候，即使我們不完全理解某個(gè)長難句,，也可以通過前后文來推測(cè)其含義,。例如：

The study, which was published last year, highlights the importance of early intervention in educational settings.

即使不理解“highlights”的具體含義，通過上下文我們可以知道這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了什么,。

4. 多做練習(xí)

提高長難句解析能力的最佳方法就是多做練習(xí),。可以通過以下方式進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練：

• 閱讀英文文章,，特別是學(xué)術(shù)類的內(nèi)容,。
• 做托福閱讀真題，專注于長難句的解析,。
• 參加在線托福備考課程,，與其他考生討論。

5. 參考范文

以下是一篇關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的范文,，供大家參考：

In recent years, the increasing pollution levels have raised concerns among scientists and policymakers alike, leading to a series of initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions.

在這句話中,，可以看到“the increasing pollution levels”和“a series of initiatives”是句子的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分。理解這些關(guān)鍵詞,，有助于快速把握句意,。

6. 常見題型與預(yù)測(cè)

在托福閱讀中，長難句常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在以下幾種題型中：

• Detail Questions: 詢問具體信息,。
• Inference Questions: 推斷句子背后的意思。
• Vocabulary Questions: 詢問單詞的含義,。

考生可以根據(jù)這些題型進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的練習(xí),，提高解題效率。

7. 心態(tài)調(diào)整

最后,，保持良好的心態(tài)也很重要,。在遇到長難句時(shí)，不要急于求成,，逐步分析,，冷靜思考，相信自己能夠克服這些困難,。??

希望以上分享能夠幫助到正在備考托福的你們,！加油！??

The Historical Influence of Athenian Aristocratic Power

The history of ancient Athens is a rich tapestry woven with the threads of democracy, philosophy, and notably, the influence of its aristocratic class. Understanding the impact of Athenian aristocracy is crucial for any student preparing for the TOEFL exam, as it encompasses themes of governance, social structure, and cultural development. ???

1. The Role of Aristocrats in Athenian Society

Athenian society was primarily divided into three classes: the aristocrats, the middle class, and the lower class. The aristocrats, or *nobles*, held significant land and wealth, which granted them considerable power. They were often involved in politics, serving as leaders and advisors. This dominance laid the groundwork for political systems that would eventually lead to the birth of democracy. Their influence can be seen in the establishment of the *Areopagus*, a council composed mainly of aristocrats that played a crucial role in governance. ??

2. Contribution to Cultural Development

The aristocracy also played a vital role in the cultural and intellectual life of Athens. Many of the most famous philosophers, playwrights, and artists emerged from noble families. For instance, *Plato*, who was born into an aristocratic family, contributed significantly to Western philosophy. The support of the arts and philosophy by the wealthy elite fostered an environment where creativity thrived. As a result, Athens became a center of culture and learning, influencing future generations. ??

3. Tension Between Aristocrats and the Common People

Despite their contributions, the power of the aristocrats often led to tensions with the common people. The growing frustration among the lower classes regarding the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few resulted in social unrest. This tension was pivotal in the development of democratic reforms. Leaders like *Solon* and *Cleisthenes* sought to balance power by introducing measures that limited aristocratic dominance and expanded political participation to a broader segment of society. This shift was crucial in shaping modern democratic ideals. ?

4. Legacy of Athenian Aristocracy

The legacy of Athenian aristocracy extends beyond their time. The political structures and cultural advancements initiated by these early nobles laid the foundation for future civilizations. The concept of citizen participation in governance, which was radical at the time, can be traced back to the struggles between the aristocratic class and the common populace. Furthermore, the philosophical inquiries sparked by aristocratic patrons have continued to influence contemporary thought and democratic practices worldwide. ??

5. Preparing for the TOEFL Exam

For TOEFL candidates, understanding the historical context of Athenian aristocracy can provide valuable insights into broader themes of governance and societal change. When studying, focus on key vocabulary such as *aristocracy*, *democracy*, *philosophy*, and *cultural influence*. Practice discussing these themes to enhance your speaking and writing skills. Consider potential essay prompts such as:

• “Discuss the impact of Athenian aristocracy on modern democratic systems.”
• “How did the cultural contributions of Athenian aristocrats shape Western civilization?”

Utilizing these topics in your preparation will not only prepare you for the exam but also deepen your understanding of historical influences that continue to resonate today. ??

托福高難度閱讀技巧分享

對(duì)于許多托?？忌鷣碚f,，閱讀部分常常是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。尤其是在面對(duì)高難度的文章時(shí),，如何有效地理解和回答問題顯得尤為重要,。在這篇文章中,，我將分享一些實(shí)用的技巧，幫助你在托福閱讀中取得更好的成績(jī),。??

1. 了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)

首先,，熟悉托福閱讀文章的常見結(jié)構(gòu)是非常重要的。大多數(shù)文章通常包括以下部分：

• 引言（Introduction）
• 主體段落（Body Paragraphs）
• 結(jié)論（Conclusion）

通過識(shí)別這些部分,，你可以更快地找到關(guān)鍵信息,。例如，在閱讀引言時(shí),，注意作者的主旨句,，這可以幫助你理解整篇文章的主題。??

2. 擴(kuò)展詞匯量

詞匯量的豐富程度直接影響你的理解能力,。建議你每天學(xué)習(xí)新的單詞,，并嘗試在句子中使用它們。以下是一些常見的托福閱讀單詞：

• Analyze - 分析
• Significant - 重要的
• Consequently - 因此
• Illustrate - 說明

掌握這些詞匯后,，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在閱讀時(shí)能更輕松地把握文章的意思,。??

3. 精讀與略讀結(jié)合

在托福閱讀中，精讀和略讀是兩種重要的閱讀策略,。你可以先快速瀏覽文章,，抓住大意和結(jié)構(gòu)，然后針對(duì)每個(gè)問題進(jìn)行精讀,。這樣可以節(jié)省時(shí)間,，同時(shí)確保你不會(huì)錯(cuò)過重要的信息。??

4. 練習(xí)做題技巧

在做題時(shí),，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

• 仔細(xì)審題：確保你理解每個(gè)問題的要求,。
• 回到原文：在回答問題時(shí)，盡量回到文章中找到相關(guān)信息,，而不是憑記憶作答,。
• 排除法：如果不確定答案，可以使用排除法,，去掉明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),。

例如，如果題目是：

What is the main purpose of the passage?

在選項(xiàng)中,，找到與文章主旨最相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,，有助于你做出正確選擇。??

5. 定期模擬考試

最后,，定期進(jìn)行全真模擬考試是提高閱讀能力的有效方法,。通過模擬考試，你可以熟悉考試的節(jié)奏和時(shí)間管理,。建議每周至少進(jìn)行一次完整的閱讀練習(xí),，檢查自己的進(jìn)步并調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略,。??

參考范文

以下是一個(gè)托福閱讀題目的示例：

Passage Text: "The impact of climate change on global ecosystems has been profound, leading to shifts in species distribution and alterations in food webs."

Question: What effect does climate change have on ecosystems according to the passage?

Answer Choices:

• A) It has no effect.
• B) It leads to species distribution changes.
• C) It improves biodiversity.
• D) It decreases food availability.

在這個(gè)例子中，正確答案是B,。通過對(duì)文章的分析,，我們能夠找到正確的答案。??

新題預(yù)測(cè)

根據(jù)近年來的考試趨勢(shì),，未來可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)關(guān)于生物多樣性,、科技影響或人類行為對(duì)環(huán)境影響的主題。建議考生提前準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)話題的背景知識(shí),，以便在考試中應(yīng)對(duì)自如,。??