托福詞匯｜常用否定前綴梳理：確認(rèn)過眼神，你是反方向的詞

在托?？荚囍?，詞匯量是影響成績(jī)的重要因素之一。為了更好地理解和記憶單詞,，掌握一些常用的否定前綴將大有裨益,。通過學(xué)習(xí)這些前綴，考生可以在遇到不熟悉的單詞時(shí),，迅速推測(cè)出其含義,。以下是一些常見的英語否定前綴及其用法。

a- / ab-

這兩個(gè)前綴通常加在形容詞或動(dòng)詞之前,，例如：atypical（非典型的）,、abnormal（不正常的）、abuse（濫用,、虐待）,。

anti-

這個(gè)前綴多用于名詞和形容詞，如：anti-Japanese（抗日的）,、anti-social（反社會(huì)的）,、antidote（解毒藥）。

counter-

常見于名詞和動(dòng)詞前,，例如：counterstrike（反擊）,、counteract（抵抗）、counterrevolution（反革命）,。

de-

此前綴通常加在名詞和形容詞前,，常見詞匯包括：decrease（減少）,、deteriorate（惡化）、demobilize（遣散）,。

dis-

主要加在名詞,、形容詞和動(dòng)詞前，常見的有：disadvantage（缺點(diǎn)）,、dishonorable（不光彩的）、disappear（消失）,。

il-

通常加在以“l(fā)”開頭的單詞前,，例如：illegal（非法的）、illiterate（文盲的）,。

im-

該前綴用于字母“m”,、“b”、“p”開頭的詞,，如：impossible（不可能的）,、impolite（不禮貌的）。

in-

常加在形容詞和名詞前,，例如：incorrect（不正確的）,、inability（無能）、inaccurate（不準(zhǔn)確的）,。

ir-

放在以“r”開頭的單詞前,，例如：irregular（不規(guī)則的）、irresistible（不可抗拒的）,。

mal-

主要加在形容詞和名詞前,，如：malfunction（功能障礙）、malicious（惡意的）,。

mis-

通常加在動(dòng)詞和名詞前,，例子包括：misunderstand（誤解）、misjudge（誤判）,。

non-

加在形容詞和名詞前,，例如：non-existence（不存在）、non-essential（非必要的）,。

un-

常用于名詞,、形容詞和副詞前，例子有：unfinished（未完成的）,、undoubted（毫無疑問的）,。

掌握這些否定前綴不僅可以幫助考生在閱讀中快速理解詞義，還能提高寫作時(shí)的詞匯使用能力,。希望以上總結(jié)能對(duì)你的托福備考有所幫助,！

Understanding Negative Prefixes for TOEFL Vocabulary

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering vocabulary is crucial for achieving a high score. One effective way to enhance your vocabulary is by understanding negative prefixes. These prefixes can change the meaning of a word entirely, and knowing them can help you decipher unfamiliar words during the test. Let’s explore some common negative prefixes and how they can aid you in your preparation. ??

What are Negative Prefixes?

Negative prefixes are added to the beginning of a word to give it an opposite meaning. For example, adding "un-" to "happy" creates "unhappy," which means not happy. Here are some common negative prefixes you should be familiar with:

• un-: This prefix indicates negation. Example: unbelievable (not believable).
• in-: Often used with adjectives. Example: inaccurate (not accurate).
• dis-: This prefix suggests a reversal or negation. Example: disagree (not agree).
• non-: Indicates absence or negation. Example: nonexistent (not existing).
• anti-: This prefix means against. Example: antibiotic (against life, referring to bacteria).

Why Are They Important for TOEFL?

Understanding these prefixes can significantly improve your reading comprehension and listening skills during the TOEFL exam. When you encounter a word you do not know, recognizing a negative prefix can help you infer its meaning. For instance, if you see the word ineffective, knowing that "in-" negates the root word "effective" can guide you to understand it means "not effective." ??

Practice with Examples

Here are some examples to illustrate how negative prefixes work:

• Word: unfair
  Meaning: Not fair
• Word: disrespect
  Meaning: Lack of respect
• Word: nontraditional
  Meaning: Not traditional
• Word: antagonistic
  Meaning: Opposed; hostile

How to Incorporate Negative Prefixes into Your Study Routine

1. Flashcards: Create flashcards with the base word on one side and the meaning of the word with the negative prefix on the other. This will help reinforce your memory. ??

2. Contextual Learning: Read articles or books and highlight words with negative prefixes. Try to guess their meanings from the context before checking a dictionary.

3. Practice Tests: Use TOEFL practice tests and pay attention to how negative prefixes are used. This will familiarize you with their application in different contexts.

Sample Questions for Practice

Here are some sample questions that might help you practice your understanding of negative prefixes:

• Question: What does the word invisible mean?
  Answer Choices:
  A) Visible
  B) Not visible
  C) Bright
  D) Clear
• Question: Choose the correct meaning of disapprove.
  Answer Choices:
  A) To approve
  B) To express approval
  C) To have a negative opinion
  D) To agree

Conclusion

Incorporating negative prefixes into your vocabulary study can greatly enhance your understanding of new words. By familiarizing yourself with these prefixes, you will not only improve your vocabulary but also boost your confidence when tackling the TOEFL exam. Remember, consistent practice is key! Good luck! ??

對(duì)于每位準(zhǔn)備參加托?？荚嚨目忌鷣碚f，掌握常見詞匯是非常重要的一步,。詞匯不僅是閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ),，也是寫作和口語表達(dá)的關(guān)鍵。以下是一些托福常見詞匯的解析,，希望能幫助你在備考過程中更有效地記憶和運(yùn)用這些詞匯,。

1. Analyze (分析)

Definition: To examine something in detail in order to understand it better.

In TOEFL Reading, you may encounter passages that require you to analyze the author's argument or the structure of the text. For example:

Passage Topic: The impact of climate change on marine life.

Question: How does the author analyze the effects of rising temperatures on coral reefs?

When answering such questions, focus on identifying key points and supporting details that illustrate the author's analysis.

2. Contrast (對(duì)比)

Definition: To compare two or more things in order to highlight their differences.

In both speaking and writing tasks, you might be asked to contrast different viewpoints or scenarios. For instance:

Writing Task: Compare and contrast the advantages of studying abroad versus studying at home.

Your response should highlight both sides clearly, using transitional phrases like "on the one hand" and "on the other hand" to guide your reader through your thought process.

3. Justify (證明)

Definition: To provide reasons or evidence to support an argument or statement.

In the Speaking section, you may be required to justify your opinion on a given topic.

Speaking Prompt: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "It is better to work in a team than to work alone." Justify your answer.

When responding, make sure to give clear reasons and examples to back up your viewpoint. This not only strengthens your argument but also showcases your vocabulary range.

4. Interpret (解釋)

Definition: To explain the meaning of something.

In the Listening section, you might need to interpret information presented in lectures or conversations.

Listening Scenario: A professor explains the significance of a historical event.

Question: How does the professor interpret the consequences of this event?

Pay attention to the professor's tone and emphasis, as these can provide clues to their interpretation.

5. Summarize (總結(jié))

Definition: To give a brief statement of the main points of something.

In both the Reading and Listening sections, you may be asked to summarize a passage or lecture.

Reading Question: Provide a summary of the main arguments presented in the article about renewable energy.

Your summary should be concise and capture the essence of the material without unnecessary details.

Tips for Vocabulary Mastery

• Use flashcards to memorize definitions and example sentences.
• Practice using new words in your own sentences to reinforce learning.
• Read academic articles or listen to TED Talks to see how these words are used in context.
• Engage in discussions with fellow students to enhance your understanding and usage of vocabulary.

By focusing on these common TOEFL vocabulary words and their applications, you will improve not only your vocabulary skills but also your overall performance in the exam. Remember, consistent practice is key! ???