在托福考試中，聽力部分是非常重要的一環(huán),，尤其是講座部分常常涉及到學(xué)術(shù)性的內(nèi)容,。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)作為一個(gè)熱門且復(fù)雜的學(xué)科，掌握相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯對(duì)于考生理解聽力材料至關(guān)重要,。本文將為您梳理出一些高頻的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)詞匯,，幫助您在備考過程中更好地應(yīng)對(duì)托福聽力講座。

Economics - 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

Business - 商業(yè)

prosper [?pr?sp?] - vi. 繁榮

The dotcom crash - n. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫

out of business - 歇業(yè),，破產(chǎn)

irrational - adj. 不理性的

boom and bust - 繁榮與蕭條

industry - n. 產(chǎn)業(yè),，工業(yè)

native to - 原產(chǎn)于

hail from - 來自于，出產(chǎn)于

remote mountainous region - n. 偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)

nomad [?n?um?d] - n. 游牧民

merchant [?m?:t??nt] - n. 商人

diplomat [?dipl?m?t] - n. 外交官

tulip mania - n. 狂熱

gardening = horticulture - n. 園藝

disposable income - n. 可支配收入

luxury [?l?k??ri] - n. 奢侈品

commodity [k??m?diti] - n. 商品

specimen [?spes?m?n] - n. 樣本

variation [?ve?ri?ei??n] - n. 變種

gold - n. 金子 (區(qū)分：goal 目標(biāo))

promissory note - n. 本票

guarantee [?g?r?n?ti:] - v. 擔(dān)保

speculation [?spekju?lei??n] - n. 投機(jī)

profit [?pr?fit] - n. 利潤

revenue = income - n. 收入

cost - n. 成本

borrowing [?b?r?ui?] - n. 借款

mortgage [?m?:gid?] - n./vt. 抵押

auction [??:k??n] - n./vt. 拍賣

bidder [?bid?] - n. 投標(biāo)者

Panic [?p?nik] - n. 恐慌

collapse [k??l?ps] - n./vt. 崩潰

service [?s?:vis] - n. 服務(wù)

product [?pr?d?kt] - n. 產(chǎn)品

potential customer - n. 潛在客戶

通過掌握這些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)的詞匯,，您將在托福聽力講座中更輕松地理解內(nèi)容,，提高您的聽力成績。希望這份詞匯梳理能為您的備考提供幫助,，祝您在托?？荚囍腥〉脙?yōu)異的成績！

Preparing for the TOEFL can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to mastering the vocabulary related to economics. Understanding economic terms is crucial not only for the listening section but also for the reading and speaking parts of the exam. In this article, we will explore some essential economic vocabulary that can help you excel in your TOEFL preparation. ??

1. Key Economic Terms

Familiarizing yourself with key economic terms is vital. Here are some important words you should know:

• Supply and Demand - These are fundamental concepts in economics that describe how the availability of a product (supply) and the desire for that product (demand) interact to determine its price.
• Inflation - This refers to the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - A key indicator of a country's economic performance, GDP measures the total value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period.
• Monetary Policy - This involves the management of money supply and interest rates by central banks to influence economic activity.
• Fiscal Policy - This refers to government spending and tax policies used to influence economic conditions.

2. Listening Practice

To effectively prepare for the listening section, practice with audio materials that include economic discussions. For example, you might listen to a podcast or lecture on the topic of “The Impact of Inflation on Consumer Behavior.” Here’s a sample question you might encounter:

Question: What is one effect of inflation mentioned in the lecture?

Answer: One effect of inflation is that it decreases consumers' purchasing power, making it more difficult for them to afford goods and services.

3. Sample Listening Text

Consider this brief excerpt from a hypothetical lecture:

“Today, we will discuss how inflation affects the economy. When inflation rises, consumers find that their money does not stretch as far as it used to, leading to changes in spending habits. For instance, many may choose to buy less expensive alternatives or delay purchases altogether.”

4. Vocabulary in Context

Understanding how to use economic vocabulary in context is essential. Here’s an example sentence:

“The government implemented a new fiscal policy aimed at stimulating growth during periods of low GDP.”

5. Practice Questions

Here are some practice questions to test your understanding:

• What does GDP stand for, and why is it important?
• Explain the difference between monetary and fiscal policy.
• How can inflation impact consumer behavior?

6. New Topics to Explore

As you study, consider exploring these emerging topics in economics that could appear in your TOEFL exam:

• Sustainable Economics - The study of how economic activities can be conducted sustainably.
• Globalization - Understanding how international trade affects local economies.
• Cryptocurrency - The impact of digital currencies on traditional banking systems.

7. Conclusion

Incorporating economic vocabulary into your study routine will enhance your comprehension and performance on the TOEFL exam. Regular practice, exposure to relevant materials, and engaging with the content will help solidify your understanding. Remember, the key is consistency and application. Good luck with your studies! ??

隨著托?？荚嚨娜找嫫占?，越來越多的考生開始重視聽力部分的備考。特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)的聽力材料,，常常涉及復(fù)雜的概念和術(shù)語,。以下是一些實(shí)用的技巧，幫助你在托福經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)聽力中取得更好的成績,。??

1. 理解經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

在備考之前,，建議考生對(duì)一些基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)概念有一定的了解，如“supply and demand”,、“inflation”,、“GDP”等。這些知識(shí)不僅能幫助你在聽力中快速抓住重點(diǎn),，還能提高你對(duì)相關(guān)討論的理解能力,。??

2. 聽力練習(xí)的重要性

定期進(jìn)行聽力練習(xí)是提升聽力水平的關(guān)鍵?？梢酝ㄟ^以下方式進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

• 觀看經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)的講座或紀(jì)錄片,，如“Freakonomics”系列。
• 收聽經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)播客,，例如“NPR's Planet Money”。
• 使用托福聽力練習(xí)題,，專注于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)主題的材料,。

3. 關(guān)注聽力中的信號(hào)詞

在聽力材料中，信號(hào)詞（如“however”, “for example”, “in contrast”）通常指示著重要的信息轉(zhuǎn)折或舉例。這些信號(hào)詞能夠幫助你更好地理解材料的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯,。??

4. 做好筆記

在聽力過程中,，快速記錄關(guān)鍵信息是非常重要的。建議使用簡(jiǎn)化的符號(hào)和縮寫來提高記錄速度,。比如,，可以用“↑”表示增加， “↓”表示減少,。這樣可以幫助你在后續(xù)回答問題時(shí)更快找到信息,。??

5. 模擬真實(shí)考試環(huán)境

為了適應(yīng)考試的節(jié)奏和壓力，建議進(jìn)行模擬考試,。在模擬過程中,，盡量保持安靜的環(huán)境，使用耳機(jī),，嚴(yán)格按照考試時(shí)間進(jìn)行練習(xí),。這將有助于提高你的集中力和應(yīng)試能力。?

6. 研究常見題型

托福聽力部分包含多種題型,，包括：

• “What is the main idea of the lecture?”
• “What does the professor imply about...?”
• “Which of the following is mentioned as...?”

了解這些題型的特點(diǎn),，并進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的練習(xí)，可以幫助你在考試中更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)不同的問題,。??

7. 復(fù)習(xí)錯(cuò)題

每次練習(xí)后,，認(rèn)真分析自己的錯(cuò)題，找出錯(cuò)誤原因,。這可以幫助你識(shí)別自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),，從而有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。??

8. 保持積極心態(tài)

備考過程中,，保持積極的心態(tài)是非常重要的,。遇到困難時(shí)，不要?dú)怵H,，而是要調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)方法,，尋找更有效的解決方案。??

通過以上的技巧和建議,，相信你在托福經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)聽力部分會(huì)有所提升,。只要堅(jiān)持不懈，合理安排復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間,，定能在考試中取得理想的成績,！祝你好運(yùn)！??