在備考雅思考試時(shí),，許多學(xué)生往往將重心放在口語(yǔ)和寫作的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)上,，卻忽視了閱讀部分的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。實(shí)際上,，定語(yǔ)從句在閱讀填空題中同樣至關(guān)重要。掌握定語(yǔ)從句的用法,，有助于我們更準(zhǔn)確地完成填空題,。接下來(lái)，我們將通過(guò)幾個(gè)實(shí)例來(lái)探討定語(yǔ)從句在雅思閱讀中的重要性,。

首先，來(lái)看一道來(lái)自《Cambridge IELTS 8》的真題,，第39題：The sense of smell may involve response to……which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours,。這道題要求填寫一個(gè)單詞。通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞定位,，我們可以找到文中相關(guān)段落：Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two—one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air。

一些同學(xué)可能會(huì)對(duì)題目或文中某些單詞感到困惑,，不知道如何進(jìn)行翻譯,，因此遲遲不敢填寫答案。然而,，如果我們仔細(xì)分析題目,，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)39題的答案實(shí)際上是由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),，答案應(yīng)該是一個(gè)名詞，而從句中的助動(dòng)詞do是原形,，這意味著答案是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，通常以-s或-es結(jié)尾,。

在這句話中,，researchers和chemicals都是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。而由于關(guān)系詞which指的是物品或事情,，researchers表示人，因此不適合由which修飾,。所以,，答案只能是chemicals。

另一個(gè)例子出現(xiàn)在《Cambridge IELTS 11》的第6題：One form of vertical farming involves planting in……which are not fixed,。這里，答案同樣被which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾,。我們判斷答案的詞性仍然是名詞,，并且是物體的名詞。從句中使用的be動(dòng)詞形式是are,，所以答案應(yīng)該是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

接下來(lái),，我們來(lái)看劍橋雅思真題5的第6題：According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson's principal achievement was to bring……to the English language,。這道題要求答案不超過(guò)兩個(gè)單詞。

我們先判斷答案的詞性是名詞,。通過(guò)順序原則和關(guān)鍵詞，我們可以定位到原文的最后一句話：It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswell's words, conferred stability on the language of his country,。通過(guò)觀察題目與原文句子的關(guān)系,，我們可以確定答案的范圍在“conferred stability on the language”這幾個(gè)詞中。然而,，由于對(duì)conferred這個(gè)詞不太熟悉，很多同學(xué)誤以為它是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,，在句子中起修飾作用,，因此將答案寫成了“conferred stability”,，似乎符合題目要求的兩個(gè)單詞,。

實(shí)際上，若再仔細(xì)分析句子,，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)achievement后面的定語(yǔ)從句修飾了它,。去掉插入成分“in James Boswell's words”后，定語(yǔ)從句變成了“an achievement which conferred stability on the language of his country”,。

根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，that/who/whom/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在從句部分一定缺少成分,，但絕對(duì)不能缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,。因此，在從句中,，conferred是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),。所以第6題的答案只能是stability,。

除了填空題，定語(yǔ)從句還會(huì)出現(xiàn)在雅思閱讀考試的其他題型及其他三個(gè)單項(xiàng)的考試中,。同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)完語(yǔ)法理論知識(shí)后，一定要靈活運(yùn)用到考試題目中,。如果在做練習(xí)時(shí)遇到不熟悉的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),，也要及時(shí)補(bǔ)充和積累。

雅思閱讀技巧分享

對(duì)于許多雅思考生來(lái)說(shuō),，雅思閱讀部分常常是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),。這一部分不僅考查你的語(yǔ)言能力，還考查你的理解和分析能力,。以下是一些實(shí)用的技巧，幫助你提高雅思閱讀成績(jī),！??

1. 理解題型

在雅思閱讀中,，有多種題型需要掌握，包括：

• Multiple Choice
• True/False/Not Given
• Matching Headings
• Short Answer Questions

熟悉每種題型的要求,，可以幫助你在考試時(shí)更快找到答案,。了解每種題型的解題技巧，比如如何識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞和同義替換,，是非常重要的,。??

2. 提高速度與準(zhǔn)確性

雅思閱讀部分的時(shí)間有限,，因此提高閱讀速度和準(zhǔn)確性是關(guān)鍵?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)以下方式練習(xí)：

• 每天定時(shí)閱讀英文文章，逐漸提升閱讀速度,。
• 使用計(jì)時(shí)器,，給自己設(shè)定時(shí)間限制，完成一定數(shù)量的題目,。
• 練習(xí)快速瀏覽（skimming）和掃讀（scanning）技巧，以便快速獲取信息,。

例如,，閱讀一篇關(guān)于“Climate Change”的文章時(shí)，可以先快速瀏覽標(biāo)題,、段落首句和結(jié)尾句，以獲取大意,。??

3. 做筆記與標(biāo)記

在閱讀過(guò)程中,，做簡(jiǎn)要筆記和標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞是一個(gè)有效的策略。你可以在文章上劃出重要信息,，這樣在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)能更快找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。此外,，記下生詞及其意思,，有助于擴(kuò)展詞匯量。??

4. 模擬真實(shí)考試

進(jìn)行模擬考試是提高應(yīng)試能力的重要方法,。可以使用官方的雅思模擬題進(jìn)行練習(xí),，確保在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成,。在模擬過(guò)程中，盡量還原真實(shí)考試的環(huán)境,，例如關(guān)閉手機(jī),、保持安靜等。??

5. 分析錯(cuò)誤

完成練習(xí)后,，認(rèn)真分析錯(cuò)誤是提高成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵,。對(duì)照答案，找出錯(cuò)誤原因,，并總結(jié)出解題思路。例如,，如果在“True/False/Not Given”題型中頻繁出錯(cuò),，可以研究如何判斷信息是否在文章中被提及。??

6. 增強(qiáng)詞匯量

豐富的詞匯量可以幫助你更好地理解文章內(nèi)容,。建議每天學(xué)習(xí)新單詞,，并通過(guò)閱讀不同主題的文章來(lái)鞏固記憶,。可以嘗試使用以下單詞卡片應(yīng)用程序：

• Quizlet
• Anki
• Memrise

這些工具能夠幫助你有效記憶并復(fù)習(xí)單詞,。??

7. 關(guān)注時(shí)間管理

在考試中,，合理分配時(shí)間至關(guān)重要。通常,，建議每篇文章花費(fèi)20分鐘，留出最后10分鐘檢查答案,。如果某道題目難以解決,，不妨跳過(guò)，待所有題目完成后再回頭檢查,。?

8. 保持良好的心態(tài)

最后,，保持積極的心態(tài)也是成功的關(guān)鍵,。不要因?yàn)橐淮蔚氖Ю鴼怵H，相信自己的努力會(huì)帶來(lái)進(jìn)步,。適當(dāng)?shù)姆潘珊托菹⒁灿兄谔岣邔W(xué)習(xí)效率,。??

希望以上技巧能幫助你在雅思閱讀中取得更好的成績(jī)！祝你好運(yùn),！??

The Importance of Relative Clauses in IELTS

As an IELTS candidate, mastering the use of relative clauses can significantly enhance your writing and speaking scores. Relative clauses, which provide additional information about a noun, are crucial for creating complex sentences that demonstrate your language proficiency. In this article, we will explore how to effectively use relative clauses in the IELTS exam, focusing on their application in various sections.

What are Relative Clauses? ??

Relative clauses are dependent clauses that modify a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They often begin with relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, which, and that. For example:

• The teacher who taught me English is retiring.
• I have a friend whose brother lives in Canada.
• This book, which I bought yesterday, is fascinating.

Using Relative Clauses in Writing ??

In the IELTS Writing Task 2, you are often required to express your opinion or discuss a topic. Incorporating relative clauses can help you create more complex sentences, making your argument clearer and more persuasive. For instance:

Topic: Some people think that the best way to increase road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars or motorbikes. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

A simple sentence might be:

Many young drivers cause accidents.

However, using a relative clause can enhance this statement:

Many young drivers, who often lack experience, cause accidents.

This additional information provides context and demonstrates your ability to use varied sentence structures. ??

Relative Clauses in Speaking ??

In the Speaking section, using relative clauses can also showcase your linguistic skills. When answering questions, try to incorporate them naturally into your responses. For example:

Question: Describe a person who has influenced you.

A basic answer could be:

My mother is a great influence on me.

But a more complex response would be:

My mother, who has always encouraged me to pursue my dreams, is a great influence on me.

This not only provides more detail but also reflects your command of the language. ???

Common Mistakes to Avoid ?

While using relative clauses, candidates often make mistakes. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid:

• Incorrectly using relative pronouns: Ensure you use who for people and which/that for things.
• Omitting necessary commas: Non-defining relative clauses require commas. For example, “My brother, who lives in New York, is visiting.”
• Overcomplicating sentences: While complexity is good, clarity is essential. Avoid overly long sentences that may confuse the reader.

Practice Makes Perfect ??

To master relative clauses, practice is key. Here are some exercises you can try:

• Write sentences using relative clauses based on various topics.
• Read sample IELTS essays and identify the use of relative clauses.
• Record yourself answering IELTS speaking questions, incorporating relative clauses, and listen for fluency and coherence.

Sample Questions for Practice ??

Here are some sample IELTS questions where you can practice using relative clauses:

• Describe a place that you have visited recently.
• Talk about a book which you found interesting.
• Discuss a movie that made you think.

In conclusion, relative clauses are a powerful tool in both the writing and speaking sections of the IELTS exam. By incorporating them effectively, you can improve your sentence structure and overall communication skills. Remember to practice regularly and pay attention to the details, and you will see improvement in your IELTS performance! Good luck! ??