托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析

在托福閱讀中,，長(zhǎng)難句常常讓考生感到困惑。以下是一個(gè)關(guān)于火星上水存在的推測(cè)的句子分析：

Original Sentence:

A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta— a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands.

Vocabulary Breakdown:

surveyor n. 測(cè)量者

delta n. (河口的)三角洲

crater n. 火山口; 彈坑或隕石坑

Sentence Structure Analysis:

A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta—a fan-shaped network (of channels and sediments) (where a river once flowed into a larger body of water), in this case a lake (filling a crater) (in the southern highlands).

In-depth Analysis:

Modifier 1: (of channels and sediments) - This prepositional phrase modifies "network".

Translation: 由沉淀物和水流通道形成的

Modifier 2: (where a river once flowed into a larger body of water) - This clause modifies "network".

Translation: 河流曾經(jīng)從這里流入了一個(gè)更大的水體

Modifier 3: (filling a crater) - This non-finite verb modifies "lake".

Translation: 填滿火山口

Modifier 4: (in the southern highlands) - This prepositional phrase modifies "crater".

Translation: 在南方高地

Reference Translation:

一張來自2003年火星全球測(cè)量者號(hào)的照片顯示,，任務(wù)專業(yè)人士們認(rèn)為有可能是一塊三角洲——一個(gè)扇形的由沉淀物和水流通道形成的網(wǎng)絡(luò),，河流曾經(jīng)從這里流入了一個(gè)更大的水體，在這種情況下,，有可能是南方高地填滿火山口的一個(gè)湖泊,。

通過對(duì)這個(gè)句子的深入分析，考生可以更好地理解復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),，提升閱讀理解能力,。面對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，抓住修飾成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)鍵,。

希望以上內(nèi)容能幫助托?？忌p松地應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句，取得優(yōu)異成績(jī),！

Exploring Water Resources on Mars

As a TOEFL candidate, you may encounter topics related to space exploration, particularly the quest for water resources on other planets. Understanding this subject not only enhances your vocabulary but also prepares you for potential essay prompts. ??

Importance of Water on Mars

Water is essential for life as we know it. Scientists believe that discovering water on Mars could provide insights into whether life ever existed there. Additionally, water is crucial for future human colonization efforts. It can be used for drinking, agriculture, and even fuel production through electrolysis. ??

Historical Discoveries

Over the years, various missions have contributed to our understanding of Martian water resources. The Mars Odyssey spacecraft, launched in 2001, was instrumental in detecting large amounts of hydrogen just below the surface, indicating the presence of water ice. Following this, the Phoenix Mars Lander, which landed in 2008, confirmed the existence of water ice at the polar regions of Mars. These discoveries have been pivotal in shaping our understanding of the planet's geology and climate. ??

Current Missions

Currently, NASA's Perseverance rover is exploring the Jezero Crater, which is believed to have once contained a lake. Its mission includes searching for signs of ancient microbial life and collecting samples that may contain evidence of past water activity. Furthermore, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter continues to monitor Martian weather and surface conditions, providing valuable data on how water interacts with the Martian environment. ??

Future Implications

The potential for utilizing Martian water resources is vast. If we can extract and purify water from the Martian soil or ice, it could significantly reduce the amount of supplies needed for manned missions. This would make long-term habitation on Mars more feasible. Moreover, understanding how water behaves on Mars can help scientists develop technologies for sustainable living on other planets. ??

Vocabulary Building

While preparing for the TOEFL, it's vital to familiarize yourself with relevant vocabulary. Here are some terms you might encounter:

• Exploration - the action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area to learn about it.
• Colonization - the act of establishing a colony or colonies in a new territory.
• Hydrosphere - the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet.
• Astrobiology - the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.
• Terraforming - the hypothetical process of modifying a planet's environment to make it habitable for Earth-like life.

Practice Questions

To enhance your writing skills, consider these practice questions:

• What are the implications of finding water on Mars for future human exploration?
• How do current missions contribute to our understanding of the Martian environment?
• In what ways can water resources on Mars be utilized for sustaining human life?

Sample Essay Structure

When writing about this topic, consider using the following structure:

1. Introduction: Introduce the significance of water on Mars.
2. Main Body: Discuss historical discoveries, current missions, and future implications.
3. Conclusion: Reflect on the importance of continued exploration and research.

By focusing on these aspects, you can create a well-rounded essay that showcases your understanding of the topic while also demonstrating your English proficiency. Good luck with your TOEFL preparation! ??

對(duì)于許多托?？忌裕?strong>長(zhǎng)難句常常是閱讀部分的一大挑戰(zhàn),。理解這些句子不僅需要良好的詞匯量,，還需要對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的深刻理解,。本文將為您提供一些解析長(zhǎng)難句的技巧和方法,，希望能幫助您在考試中取得更好的成績(jī)！??

1. 識(shí)別句子的主干

首先,，識(shí)別主語和謂語是理解長(zhǎng)難句的關(guān)鍵,。許多長(zhǎng)句可能包含多個(gè)從句或修飾成分，但通?？梢酝ㄟ^找出主語和謂語來理清句子的基本意思,。

例如：

Example: The book that was written by the author, who is known for his unique style, became a bestseller.

在這個(gè)句子中，主語是“the book”,，謂語是“became”,。其他部分都是對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充說明。

2. 拆分復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)

長(zhǎng)難句往往包含多個(gè)從句,，拆分句子可以幫助我們逐步理解,。可以嘗試將句子分解成幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,，然后再逐個(gè)分析,。

例如：

Example: Although the weather was bad, which caused many delays, the event went on as planned.

拆分后,，我們得到兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：“The weather was bad.” 和 “The event went on as planned.” 這樣就能更容易理解整個(gè)句子的意思,。

3. 理解連接詞的作用

連接詞在句子中起著重要的作用，它們幫助我們理解句子之間的關(guān)系,。例如,，"although"表示轉(zhuǎn)折，"because"表示因果關(guān)系等,。

例如：

Example: The experiment failed because the conditions were not controlled properly.

這里的“because”幫助我們理解失敗的原因,。

4. 注意非限定性定語從句

非限定性定語從句提供了附加信息，但并不是句子的核心內(nèi)容,。理解這些從句的主要信息可以幫助我們抓住句子的重點(diǎn),。

例如：

Example: The professor, who has published several papers, is giving a lecture today.

這里的“who has published several papers”是非限定性定語從句，可以略去,，核心信息是“the professor is giving a lecture today”,。

5. 多做練習(xí)，積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)

最后,，多做閱讀練習(xí)是提高理解能力的最佳方法,。可以通過做真題,、模擬題來積累經(jīng)驗(yàn),，同時(shí)也可以提高自己的詞匯量和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力。??

推薦一些練習(xí)資源：

- Official TOEFL Practice Online

- ETS TOEFL Reading Practice Sets

- Various TOEFL preparation books

6. 參考范文與解析

以下是一段常見的托福閱讀文本及其難句解析：

Reading Text: The discovery of ancient artifacts, which provide insight into early human civilization, has revolutionized our understanding of history.

解析: 主語是“the discovery”,，謂語是“has revolutionized”,。“which provide insight into early human civilization”是非限定性定語從句,，補(bǔ)充說明“ancient artifacts”,。

希望以上的解析技巧能夠幫助您更好地理解托福閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句。記住,，多加練習(xí),，慢慢掌握這些技巧,，您一定會(huì)在托福考試中取得理想的成績(jī),！??