在托福考試中,，生物學(xué)是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)且重要的聽(tīng)力話題,，而“Coral Reef”（珊瑚礁）則是其中的關(guān)鍵考點(diǎn)之一。近年來(lái),，全球范圍內(nèi)珊瑚礁數(shù)量的減少引發(fā)了廣泛關(guān)注，這一議題在官方真題Official27和Official31中均有涉及,。

隨著全球氣候變暖,，海洋溫度的上升導(dǎo)致了珊瑚白化現(xiàn)象的加劇。最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示,，某些珊瑚能夠從這種瀕臨死亡的狀態(tài)中恢復(fù)活力,。大量死亡珊瑚逐漸失去色彩，呈現(xiàn)出白色,，這就是所謂的“Coral Bleach”（珊瑚白化）,，其主要原因是珊瑚排出了為其提供食物及顏色的微小植物。2014年,，北馬里亞納群島,、馬紹爾群島及夏威夷群島均出現(xiàn)了珊瑚白化現(xiàn)象，甚至蔓延至佛羅里達(dá)群島,。

美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣治理署的珊瑚礁觀察協(xié)調(diào)員Mark Eakin指出：“這在有記錄的全球大規(guī)模珊瑚白化事件中僅排名第三,，2014年的情況相對(duì)較好?！彪m然此次珊瑚白化事件可能沒(méi)有1998年或2010年的嚴(yán)重,，但全球范圍內(nèi)的大規(guī)模珊瑚白化仍然不容忽視。

值得慶幸的是,，一項(xiàng)新的研究為我們帶來(lái)了希望,。澳大利亞科學(xué)家通過(guò)對(duì)印度洋塞舌爾群島中部的兩處珊瑚礁進(jìn)行研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些珊瑚礁竟能從嚴(yán)重的白化事件中恢復(fù),，尤其是在1998年時(shí),，特定區(qū)域90%以上的珊瑚都已白化。

自1994年以來(lái),，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)一直在監(jiān)測(cè)塞舌爾群島的21處珊瑚礁,，評(píng)估食草魚(yú)類(lèi)的數(shù)量以及營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的流入情況,。1998年，大部分珊瑚礁（其中12個(gè)）能夠從因海水升溫造成的白化中恢復(fù),，而其他9個(gè)則淪為海藻覆蓋的廢墟,。

研究人員總結(jié)出幾個(gè)影響珊瑚礁恢復(fù)能力的關(guān)鍵因素：水深、形狀復(fù)雜性,、營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平,、食草魚(yú)類(lèi)的啃食量以及年輕珊瑚的存活率。實(shí)際上,，僅憑水深（6.6米以上）和形狀復(fù)雜性（頂部延展至少750px）這兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo),，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)就能預(yù)測(cè)哪些珊瑚礁能夠恢復(fù)到1998年的狀態(tài)。

影響珊瑚礁恢復(fù)能力的因素并不讓人意外,；例如,，深水區(qū)的珊瑚更能抵御海水溫度的上升，因?yàn)楸韺铀疁赝ǔ］^高,。但這并不意味著淺水區(qū)的珊瑚必然會(huì)死亡,。減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和沉積污染物的數(shù)量，有助于提升淺水珊瑚的恢復(fù)能力,，而減少對(duì)食草魚(yú)類(lèi)的捕撈也能產(chǎn)生同樣的效果,。“盡量降低地方性的影響將為珊瑚礁提供最佳的生存機(jī)會(huì),，”Graham強(qiáng)調(diào),，“控制對(duì)珊瑚礁的影響就是理解和管理人類(lèi)活動(dòng)?！?/p>

重點(diǎn)詞匯梳理

Coral reef - 珊瑚礁

Coral Bleach - 珊瑚白化

Severe - 嚴(yán)峻的

Resilient - 有彈性的

Resilience - 恢復(fù)力

Graze - 啃食,，放牧

Boost - 促進(jìn)，增加

Tease out - 梳理

托福聽(tīng)力生物學(xué)重要考點(diǎn)梳理：Coral Reef珊瑚礁是考生們需要特別關(guān)注的內(nèi)容,，了解這一領(lǐng)域的最新研究和發(fā)展能夠幫助考生在考試中取得更好的成績(jī),。

對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備托福考試的考生來(lái)說(shuō),，生物學(xué)是一個(gè)重要的聽(tīng)力考點(diǎn),。生物學(xué)相關(guān)的聽(tīng)力材料通常涉及生態(tài)學(xué)、細(xì)胞生物學(xué),、遺傳學(xué)等方面的內(nèi)容,。在這篇文章中，我們將深入探討如何高效備考這些內(nèi)容,，并為你提供一些實(shí)用的技巧和建議,。??

1. 理解生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

在備考托福聽(tīng)力時(shí)，首先要確保你對(duì)生物學(xué)的一些基本概念有一定的了解,。這包括但不限于：

• Cell Biology: Understanding the structure and function of cells is crucial. Key terms include cell membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria.
• Genetics: Familiarize yourself with concepts like DNA, genes, and inheritance.
• Ecology: Know the interactions between organisms and their environment, including terms like ecosystem, food chain, and biodiversity.

掌握這些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)將幫助你更好地理解聽(tīng)力材料中的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)和概念,。

2. 聽(tīng)力材料的類(lèi)型

托福聽(tīng)力部分的生物學(xué)材料通常包括講座和對(duì)話,。以下是一些常見(jiàn)的材料類(lèi)型：

• Lectures: These may cover topics such as photosynthesis or evolutionary biology.
• Conversations: Often involve discussions between students or between a student and a professor regarding biology assignments or projects.

通過(guò)多聽(tīng)這些類(lèi)型的材料，你可以提高自己的聽(tīng)力理解能力,。

3. 常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題類(lèi)型

在托福聽(tīng)力考試中,，生物學(xué)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題通常包括以下幾種類(lèi)型：

• Detail Questions: These ask for specific information mentioned in the lecture or conversation.
• Main Idea Questions: These focus on the overall message or theme of the listening passage.
• Inference Questions: These require you to read between the lines and understand implied meanings.

了解這些問(wèn)題類(lèi)型能幫助你在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中更有針對(duì)性地捕捉信息。

4. 提升聽(tīng)力技巧

為了提高你的聽(tīng)力理解能力,，可以嘗試以下方法：

• Practice Regularly: Listen to biology podcasts or watch educational videos on platforms like YouTube.
• Take Notes: While listening, jot down key points, terms, and concepts. This will help reinforce your memory.
• Use Practice Tests: Familiarize yourself with the format of TOEFL listening questions by using official practice materials.

這些方法不僅能提升你的聽(tīng)力水平,，還能增強(qiáng)你對(duì)生物學(xué)知識(shí)的掌握。

5. 參考材料推薦

以下是一些推薦的學(xué)習(xí)資源,，幫助你更好地備考生物學(xué)相關(guān)的聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容：

• Textbook: "Biology" by Campbell and Reece
• Online Courses: Websites like Coursera or Khan Academy offer free courses in biology.
• Podcasts: "The Biology Podcast" provides discussions on various biological topics.

利用這些資源,，你可以更全面地理解生物學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)。

6. 實(shí)際練習(xí)示例

以下是一個(gè)可能的托福聽(tīng)力題目示例：

Listening Text: "Today, we will discuss the process of photosynthesis, which occurs in plants. Plants convert sunlight into chemical energy through chlorophyll..."

Question: What is the main process discussed in the lecture?

Answer: The process of photosynthesis.

通過(guò)這種方式進(jìn)行練習(xí),，可以幫助你熟悉考試的形式和內(nèi)容,。

As a TOEFL test taker, understanding various ecological systems can greatly enhance your listening skills. One fascinating topic that often appears in the listening section is the Coral Reef Ecosystem. ?? In this article, we will explore key concepts related to coral reefs, which not only help you prepare for the exam but also broaden your knowledge of marine biology.

What are Coral Reefs? ??

Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium carbonate, secreted by corals. They are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea" due to their rich biodiversity. These ecosystems provide habitat for thousands of marine species, including fish, mollusks, and sea turtles. The importance of coral reefs cannot be overstated, as they support both marine life and human economies through tourism and fishing.

Listening Practice: Key Vocabulary ??

When preparing for the TOEFL, familiarize yourself with relevant vocabulary. Here are some terms you might encounter:

• Symbiosis: A mutually beneficial relationship between different organisms.
• Photosynthesis: The process by which plants and some microorganisms convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Bleaching: A phenomenon where corals lose their color due to stress, often caused by rising sea temperatures.
• Biodiversity: The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Sample Listening Text ??

Imagine you hear a lecture on coral reefs during the TOEFL listening section. The speaker might say:

“Coral reefs are vital to marine ecosystems. They provide shelter and food for various species. However, climate change poses a significant threat to these ecosystems, leading to coral bleaching and loss of biodiversity.”

Practice Questions ?

After listening to the text, you may encounter questions like:

• What are two primary threats to coral reefs mentioned in the lecture?
• How do coral reefs benefit marine life?

Reference Answers ??

For the practice questions, consider the following answers:

• The two primary threats are climate change and pollution.
• Coral reefs provide shelter and food for various marine species.

New Topics to Explore ??

In addition to coral reefs, here are some other topics related to marine ecosystems you might want to study:

• Estuaries: Where freshwater meets saltwater.
• Mangroves: Coastal ecosystems that protect shorelines.
• Deep-sea habitats: Unique environments found at great ocean depths.

Listening Strategies ???

Here are some strategies to improve your listening comprehension for the TOEFL:

• Take notes: Jot down important points while listening.
• Listen actively: Focus on understanding the main ideas and details.
• Practice regularly: Use online resources or TOEFL prep materials to enhance your skills.

Final Thoughts ??

Engaging with topics like coral reef ecosystems can make your TOEFL preparation more enjoyable and informative. By improving your listening skills and expanding your vocabulary, you'll be better equipped to tackle the exam. Remember, consistent practice and exposure to diverse subjects will help you excel in the TOEFL listening section.