在托福考試中,，閱讀部分常常會讓考生感到困惑,，尤其是長難句的解析。針對這一問題,，我想分享一些實用的技巧和經(jīng)驗,，幫助大家更好地理解長難句，提高閱讀理解能力,。??

1. 理解句子的基本結構

長難句往往包含多個從句和修飾成分,，因此首先要識別主語、謂語和賓語,。通常,，主語和謂語是句子的核心，其他部分都是對它們的補充,。比如,，在句子“The research conducted by scientists, which was published last year, reveals significant findings.”中，“The research”是主語,，“reveals”是謂語,，而“conducted by scientists”和“which was published last year”則是對主語的修飾。

2. 尋找連接詞

連接詞可以幫助我們理解句子的邏輯關系,。常見的連接詞有“although”,、“because”,、“while”等。在遇到復雜句時,，注意這些連接詞的位置,，可以幫助你理清句子的層次。例如,，“Although the results were unexpected, they provided valuable insights.”中,，“Although”引導一個讓步狀語從句，理解這一點后,，整個句子的意思就變得清晰了,。

3. 分段閱讀

對于特別長的句子，可以嘗試將其分段,。通過將句子拆分成幾個部分,，逐一理解每個部分的意思，最后再將它們組合起來,。這種方法能夠有效減少信息的負擔,。例如，在句子“The theory, which has been debated for years, suggests that many factors influence climate change, including human activities and natural phenomena.”中,，我們可以先理解“theory suggests”這一部分,，然后再理解后面的修飾成分。

4. 注意非限定性定語從句

非限定性定語從句通常用逗號隔開,，提供額外信息,，但不影響句子的基本含義。理解這一點可以幫助我們快速抓住句子的主旨,。例如,，“The book, which was written by a renowned author, has won several awards.”這里的“which was written by a renowned author”只是補充信息，主句的核心信息是“the book has won several awards”,。

5. 多做練習

提高閱讀能力最有效的方法是多做練習,。可以通過托福官方指南或其他備考書籍中的閱讀材料進行訓練,，特別關注那些長難句,。以下是一個練習示例：

Reading Text: “Despite the fact that urbanization has led to numerous challenges, such as increased pollution and traffic congestion, it also presents opportunities for economic growth and innovation.”

Question: What are the two sides of urbanization mentioned in the text?

參考答案: Urbanization leads to challenges like pollution and traffic congestion, but it also offers opportunities for economic growth and innovation.

6. 利用詞匯工具

在閱讀過程中，遇到不懂的單詞時,，可以使用詞匯工具進行查找,。了解單詞的詞義和用法，有助于更好地理解句子,。例如,，遇到“congestion”這個詞時，可以查找它的意思是“擁堵”，從而理解句子的整體意思,。

7. 參加模擬考試

參加模擬考試可以幫助你適應真實考試的節(jié)奏和壓力,。通過模擬考試，你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),，并及時調整學習策略,。記得在模擬考試后進行分析，找出閱讀理解中的長難句問題所在,。

通過以上方法,，相信大家在托福閱讀中能夠更好地應對長難句的挑戰(zhàn)。堅持練習和總結經(jīng)驗,，你一定會有所進步,！??

As a TOEFL candidate, understanding various perspectives on topics can be crucial for your writing and speaking sections. One intriguing topic is the analysis of critical viewpoints on sound films. This article aims to provide insights into this subject while helping you enhance your English skills. ??

Introduction to Sound Films

Sound films, also known as "talkies," revolutionized the film industry in the late 1920s. They introduced synchronized dialogue and sound effects, changing the way stories were told on screen. However, not everyone embraced this innovation. Critics raised several points regarding the impact of sound in cinema. Let's explore some of these critical viewpoints. ??

1. Loss of Artistic Expression

One major criticism is that sound films limited the artistic expression of filmmakers. Before sound was introduced, silent films relied heavily on visual storytelling, utilizing facial expressions, gestures, and intertitles to convey emotions and narratives. Critics argue that the addition of sound has led to a reliance on dialogue, diminishing the visual artistry that characterized earlier films. This perspective highlights a concern that filmmakers may prioritize spoken words over visual creativity. ??

2. Accessibility Issues

Another point of contention is the accessibility of sound films. Some critics believe that the introduction of sound created barriers for certain audiences, particularly those who are deaf or hard of hearing. While silent films could be enjoyed by a broader audience through visual cues, sound films often require auditory comprehension. This shift raises questions about inclusivity in cinema and whether the art form should cater to diverse audience needs. ??

3. Cultural Impact

The cultural implications of sound films also warrant discussion. Critics argue that the dominance of Hollywood sound films has overshadowed international cinema. The global spread of American films has led to the homogenization of cultural narratives, potentially marginalizing local stories and voices. This viewpoint emphasizes the importance of preserving cultural diversity in filmmaking and the potential consequences of prioritizing sound over storytelling. ??

4. Technical Limitations

From a technical standpoint, early sound films faced numerous challenges. The technology of the time was not fully developed, leading to issues such as poor sound quality and synchronization problems. Critics argue that these limitations hindered the overall viewing experience. Furthermore, the need for specialized equipment and sound stages increased production costs, making it difficult for independent filmmakers to enter the industry. This perspective highlights the economic implications of adopting sound in cinema. ??

5. Shift in Audience Expectations

Lastly, the introduction of sound films altered audience expectations. Viewers began to anticipate dialogue-driven narratives, which shifted the focus from visual storytelling to scriptwriting. Critics contend that this change has resulted in formulaic plots and clichéd characters, as filmmakers cater to audience demands for engaging dialogue. This perspective raises concerns about the creative stagnation in the film industry due to the pressure of meeting audience expectations. ???

Conclusion

In conclusion, the critical viewpoints surrounding sound films offer valuable insights into the evolution of cinema. By analyzing these perspectives, TOEFL candidates can develop a deeper understanding of the complexities within the film industry. Engaging with such topics not only enhances your language skills but also enriches your knowledge of cultural and artistic developments. As you prepare for the TOEFL exam, consider incorporating these insights into your writing and speaking responses. Good luck! ??