托福閱讀高難度文章長難度句實例解析：蘇美爾人的文學語言

托福閱讀長難句分析

原句示例：

The literature of the Sumerians was highly valued across the Near East, and even after the Sumerian language fell out of use, it was preserved by the Babylonians, Assyrians, and others as a literary language, similar to how Latin was maintained in Europe following the decline of Rome.

結構解析：

這是一個并列的復合句,。

句1: The literature of the Sumerians was highly valued across the Near East,，The literature為主語,，of the Sumerians為定語,，was highly valued為謂語，across the Near East為狀語,。

本部分意思：在整個近東地區(qū),，蘇美爾人的文學被高度重視。

句2：and even after the Sumerian language fell out of use, it was preserved by the Babylonians, Assyrians, and others as a literary language, similar to how Latin was maintained in Europe following the decline of Rome. 句2結構為狀語從句+主句,。after引導的狀語從句中，the Sumerian language為主語,，fell out of use為謂語,。

主句中，it為主語,，was preserved為謂語,，by the Babylonians, Assyrians, and others為被動語態(tài)的介詞短語，as a literary language為賓補,。similar to引出狀語從句,，其中，Latin為主語,，was maintained為謂語,，in Europe為狀語，following the decline of Rome為時間狀語,。

本部分意思：在蘇美爾語失去使用之后,，它被巴比倫人、亞述人及其他民族作為一種文學語言所保存,，就像羅馬衰落后,，拉丁語在歐洲被繼續(xù)使用一樣。

參考翻譯：

在近東地區(qū),，蘇美爾人的文學被高度重視,。在蘇美爾語停止使用之后，巴比倫人,、亞述人及其他民族將其作為一種文學語言加以保存,，這與羅馬衰落后拉丁語在歐洲的延續(xù)相似。

以上便是對托福閱讀中長難句的深入分析,，希望考生們能夠掌握有效的解題技巧,，以更輕松地應對長難句，從而在考試中取得理想的成績,。

As a TOEFL candidate, understanding the nuances of language and literature can greatly enhance your performance. One fascinating area to explore is the Sumerian Literature. This ancient civilization offers rich insights into early human thought and expression. Let's delve into the key aspects of Sumerian literary language that can aid your studies. ??

1. Historical Context

The Sumerians, who inhabited modern-day Iraq around 4500-1900 BCE, are credited with some of the earliest known forms of writing: cuneiform. This writing system was used not only for administrative purposes but also for recording myths, hymns, and epic tales. Understanding this context can help you appreciate the depth of their literary works. ??

2. Key Literary Forms

Sumerian literature primarily includes myths, epics, and hymns. Each form serves a distinct purpose:

• Myths: These narratives often explain natural phenomena and the origins of gods and humanity. A well-known example is the creation myth, which reflects the Sumerians' view of the world.
• Epics: The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the most famous pieces, exploring themes of friendship, mortality, and the quest for knowledge. This epic can be a great reference point for discussions on heroism in literature.
• Hymns: These are religious texts that praise gods and goddesses, illustrating the spiritual beliefs of the Sumerians. They often contain rich imagery and can be analyzed for their poetic qualities.

3. Language Features

The Sumerian language itself is unique, characterized by its agglutinative structure. This means that words are formed by stringing together various morphemes. For TOEFL candidates, recognizing such structures can improve your analytical skills in language comprehension. ??

Additionally, Sumerian employs vivid imagery and symbolism. For instance, the use of nature in poetry often symbolizes divine intervention or human emotions. Familiarizing yourself with these literary devices can enhance your reading and writing abilities for the TOEFL exam.

4. Themes and Motifs

Several recurring themes in Sumerian literature are relevant to modern discussions:

• The Human Condition: Many texts explore what it means to be human, touching on love, loss, and the search for meaning.
• Divine Influence: The relationship between humans and gods is a central motif, reflecting how ancient societies understood their place in the universe.
• Mortality and Legacy: The fear of death and the desire for immortality resonate throughout Sumerian epics, encouraging readers to reflect on their own lives.

5. Practical Applications for TOEFL

Engaging with Sumerian literature can sharpen your analytical skills, which are crucial for the TOEFL. Here are some practical applications:

• Reading Comprehension: Analyze Sumerian texts to practice identifying main ideas and supporting details. This skill is vital for the reading section of the TOEFL.
• Essay Writing: Use themes from Sumerian literature as prompts for your essays. Discussing universal themes can demonstrate your ability to connect ideas across cultures.
• Listening Skills: If available, listen to lectures or discussions about Sumerian literature. This will help you improve your listening comprehension, an essential part of the TOEFL exam.

6. Sample Question for Practice

Here’s a sample question you might encounter:

Discuss the significance of the Epic of Gilgamesh in understanding ancient Sumerian culture. Provide examples from the text to support your answer.

7. Vocabulary to Enhance Your Studies

Familiarize yourself with these words related to Sumerian literature:

• Cuneiform: The wedge-shaped script used in ancient Mesopotamia.
• Mythology: A collection of myths or stories that explain natural or social phenomena.
• Epic: A long narrative poem detailing heroic deeds and events significant to a culture.

By exploring Sumerian literature, you not only enrich your understanding of ancient civilizations but also equip yourself with valuable skills for the TOEFL exam. Embrace this opportunity to learn and grow! ??

在備考托福的過程中,，閱讀部分常常讓考生感到困惑,，尤其是長難句的理解。掌握一些技巧可以幫助你更有效地應對這些復雜句子,。以下是一些實用的技巧和經驗分享,，希望能幫助到你！??

1. 理解句子的基本結構

長難句往往包含多個從句和修飾成分,，首先要識別主句和從句,。通常，主句是表達主要意思的部分,，而從句則提供額外的信息,。例如：

Although the weather was bad, the event continued as planned.

在這個句子中，“the event continued as planned”是主句,，而“Although the weather was bad”是一個讓步狀語從句,。理解句子的基本結構可以幫助你抓住重點信息。

2. 尋找關鍵詞

在長難句中,，關鍵詞通常是理解句子意思的關鍵,。注意連接詞（如although, because, however等）和轉折詞，它們可以幫助你理解句子的邏輯關系,。例如：

Despite the challenges, the team managed to complete the project on time.

這里的“Despite”提示我們即使面臨挑戰(zhàn),，團隊仍然成功完成了項目，這對理解句子至關重要,。

3. 劃分句子

將長句劃分為幾個短句,，可以幫助你更好地理解?？梢試L試用“/”或“|”來分隔不同的成分,。例如：

The study, which was conducted over several years, revealed significant findings about climate change.

可以劃分為：The study | which was conducted over several years | revealed significant findings about climate change. 這樣可以清晰地看到每個部分的作用。

4. 注意上下文

在閱讀長難句時,，上下文的信息非常重要,。通過前后文，你可以推測出不熟悉的單詞或句子的意思,。例如：

The researchers found that the new method, although initially expensive, could lead to long-term savings.

在這里,，前面的上下文可以幫助你理解“initially expensive”的含義，以及其后果,。

5. 多做練習

提高對長難句的理解能力,，最有效的方法就是多做練習?？梢赃x擇一些托福閱讀材料進行訓練,，特別是那些包含復雜句子的文章。定期進行模擬測試,，幫助你適應考試的節(jié)奏和題型,。

6. 使用工具輔助

有些在線工具可以幫助你分析句子結構，比如Grammarly或Hemingway Editor,。這些工具可以指出句子的主要成分,，幫助你更好地理解長句。

7. 保持耐心與信心

面對長難句時,，保持耐心是非常重要的,。不要急于求成，逐步提高自己的閱讀能力,。相信自己通過堅持不懈的努力,，一定能夠掌握這些技巧！??

希望以上的技巧能夠幫助你在托福閱讀中更加游刃有余,。記得在備考過程中,，保持良好的心態(tài)和積極的學習習慣，相信你會在考試中取得理想的成績,！??