GRE：ARGUMENT作文怎么寫(xiě)才能拿高分,？常見(jiàn)邏輯錯(cuò)誤和攻擊方法匯總。在GRE考試中,，ARGUMENT作文是考生展示批判性思維的重要機(jī)會(huì),。掌握常見(jiàn)的邏輯錯(cuò)誤和有效的攻擊方法，可以幫助考生在寫(xiě)作中更有針對(duì)性地分析論點(diǎn),，從而獲得高分,。

模糊的用詞

在ARGUMENT題目中，諸如 “few”, “many”, “more”, “l(fā)ess”, 和 “some”等用詞常常出現(xiàn),。這些詞語(yǔ)雖然看似提供了數(shù)量信息,，但實(shí)際上卻缺乏明確的定義。如果論述依賴(lài)于這些模糊的表達(dá)來(lái)得出結(jié)論,，那么這個(gè)論點(diǎn)就可以成為攻擊的切入點(diǎn),。

不適當(dāng)?shù)谋容^

在某些情況下，論點(diǎn)可能會(huì)將事物A的特性直接應(yīng)用于事物B,，而忽略了兩者之間的差異。例如,，可能會(huì)看到將人類(lèi)的肥胖原因直接套用到動(dòng)物身上的論證,，這種不合理的比較顯然存在邏輯問(wèn)題。

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的缺失

盡管GRE并不要求考生具備專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí),，但了解一些基本概念依然是必要的,。常見(jiàn)主題如社會(huì)、文化,、經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技等領(lǐng)域的基本知識(shí)能夠幫助考生識(shí)別ARGUMENT中的邏輯漏洞,，從而進(jìn)行有效反駁。

過(guò)度概括的推理

有時(shí),，論點(diǎn)可能基于一個(gè)小樣本得出廣泛的結(jié)論,。這種以小見(jiàn)大的推理方式往往是不可靠的,。例如，從幾個(gè)個(gè)體的特征推導(dǎo)出整個(gè)群體的特性,，這種錯(cuò)誤的歸納可以作為攻擊的重點(diǎn),。

極端觀點(diǎn)的使用

在許多情況下，極端的表述如“must”或“undoubtedly”可能暗示論點(diǎn)的偏頗,。有效的ARGUMENT作文應(yīng)當(dāng)展現(xiàn)全面的思考和均衡的觀點(diǎn),，因此極端的結(jié)論往往是最容易被攻擊的部分。

對(duì)于GRE考生來(lái)說(shuō),，理解這些常見(jiàn)的邏輯錯(cuò)誤和攻擊方法是提高ARGUMENT寫(xiě)作能力的關(guān)鍵,。通過(guò)練習(xí)和熟悉這些技巧，考生能夠在寫(xiě)作中游刃有余,，撰寫(xiě)出高質(zhì)量的高分作文,。

GRE：ARGUMENT作文怎么寫(xiě)才能拿高分？常見(jiàn)邏輯錯(cuò)誤和攻擊方法匯總,。希望以上內(nèi)容能為考生在備考過(guò)程中提供指導(dǎo),，幫助大家在GRE考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)。

Preparing for the GRE can be quite a journey, especially when it comes to the Argument essay. Understanding the GRE Argument Essay Scoring Criteria is essential for success. In this article, I will share insights and tips that can help you navigate this part of the GRE exam effectively. ??

1. Understanding the Task

The Argument essay requires you to critique an argument presented in a brief passage. You need to identify the flaws in the reasoning and provide a well-structured response. The key here is not to agree or disagree with the argument but to analyze its logical structure. ??

2. Scoring Criteria

Your essay will be evaluated based on several factors:

• Analysis of Argument: Did you effectively identify the main points and assumptions? Were the flaws clearly articulated? ??
• Organization: Is your essay well-structured with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion? ???
• Language Use: Are your sentences clear and varied? Did you use appropriate vocabulary? ??
• Grammar and Mechanics: Is your writing free of grammatical errors? Did you use proper punctuation? ??

3. Structure Your Essay

A typical structure for your Argument essay includes:

• Introduction: Briefly summarize the argument and state that it has flaws.
• Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph should focus on a specific flaw. Start with a topic sentence, provide evidence, and explain why it weakens the argument.
• Conclusion: Restate the main points and suggest how the argument could be strengthened. ??

4. Practice with Sample Prompts

Here’s a sample prompt to practice with:

"The following appeared in a memo from the president of a local college: 'In order to increase student enrollment, we should offer more online courses. Our surveys show that students prefer the flexibility of online learning over traditional classroom settings.'"

When responding, consider the assumptions made about student preferences and the effectiveness of online courses. How might this argument be improved? ??

5. Time Management

During the GRE, you have 30 minutes to write your Argument essay. It’s crucial to manage your time wisely. Spend the first 5 minutes planning your response. Allocate 20 minutes for writing, and leave 5 minutes for revising your work. ?

6. Review and Revise

Always leave time to review your essay. Look for any grammatical mistakes, awkward phrasing, or unclear arguments. A polished essay can make a significant difference in your score. ??

7. Resources for Practice

Utilize resources like the official GRE website, where you can find sample prompts and scoring guidelines. Additionally, consider joining study groups or forums where you can exchange feedback on practice essays. ??

8. Final Thoughts

Writing a strong Argument essay takes practice and understanding of the scoring criteria. Focus on analyzing arguments critically, structuring your essay logically, and refining your language skills. With consistent practice and attention to detail, you can improve your performance on this section of the GRE. Good luck! ??

在準(zhǔn)備GRE考試的過(guò)程中,，寫(xiě)作部分常常讓考生感到困惑,。尤其是在分析論證任務(wù)（Analyze an Argument）中，識(shí)別和解析邏輯謬誤是成功的關(guān)鍵,。本文將分享一些常見(jiàn)的邏輯謬誤,，并提供實(shí)用的建議，幫助你在GRE作文中更有效地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn),。??

一,、常見(jiàn)邏輯謬誤

理解不同類(lèi)型的邏輯謬誤有助于你在寫(xiě)作時(shí)進(jìn)行有效的分析。以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的邏輯謬誤：

1. 以偏概全（Hasty Generalization）

這種謬誤發(fā)生在當(dāng)一個(gè)結(jié)論基于不充分或不代表性的樣本時(shí),。例如,，如果某個(gè)城市的幾個(gè)居民對(duì)新政策持負(fù)面態(tài)度，就得出“所有市民都反對(duì)這項(xiàng)政策”的結(jié)論,。這種推理缺乏足夠的數(shù)據(jù)支持,，容易導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的判斷。在你的寫(xiě)作中,，務(wù)必要指出這種推理的不足之處,，并提供更全面的視角。

2. 訴諸情感（Appeal to Emotion）

這一謬誤通過(guò)激發(fā)讀者的情感來(lái)支持論點(diǎn),，而不是通過(guò)理性分析,。例如，一個(gè)廣告可能通過(guò)展示悲傷的場(chǎng)景來(lái)促使人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品,，而不是提供產(chǎn)品的實(shí)際效用,。在GRE作文中,，避免僅依賴(lài)情感來(lái)支持你的論點(diǎn)，而應(yīng)使用邏輯和證據(jù)來(lái)增強(qiáng)說(shuō)服力,。

3. 虛假的兩難（False Dilemma）

這種謬誤將復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)化為兩個(gè)極端選項(xiàng),，忽略了其他可能的解決方案。例如,，“要么你支持這個(gè)計(jì)劃,，要么你就是在反對(duì)進(jìn)步?！痹趯?xiě)作時(shí),，確保你考慮到各種可能性，而不是僅僅將問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)化為二分法,。

4. 循環(huán)論證（Circular Reasoning）

循環(huán)論證是指用結(jié)論來(lái)支持前提,，形成一種邏輯上的閉環(huán)。例如,，“這個(gè)政策是好的,，因?yàn)樗怯行У模挠行哉且驗(yàn)樗呛玫??！痹谀愕恼撟C中，避免這種結(jié)構(gòu),，確保每個(gè)論點(diǎn)都有獨(dú)立的支持,。

二、寫(xiě)作技巧

在識(shí)別和分析這些邏輯謬誤時(shí),，有一些實(shí)用的寫(xiě)作技巧可以幫助你提升GRE作文的質(zhì)量：

1. 認(rèn)真審題

在開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作之前,，仔細(xì)閱讀題目，理解其核心論點(diǎn)和假設(shè),。確保你在分析時(shí)針對(duì)這些要點(diǎn),，而不是偏離主題。

2. 使用結(jié)構(gòu)化的論證

采用清晰的段落結(jié)構(gòu),，每個(gè)段落集中討論一個(gè)特定的邏輯謬誤或論點(diǎn),。可以使用以下框架：

• 引言：簡(jiǎn)要介紹論點(diǎn)及其重要性,。
• 主體段落：逐一分析每個(gè)邏輯謬誤，提供例證與反駁,。
• 結(jié)論：總結(jié)分析結(jié)果,，提出可能的改進(jìn)建議。

3. 多做練習(xí)

通過(guò)大量的寫(xiě)作練習(xí)來(lái)熟悉不同類(lèi)型的邏輯謬誤,?？梢詤⒖家恍〨RE寫(xiě)作題目,，例如：

“The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper: ‘The city of Springfield should invest in a new sports complex. Studies show that cities with sports complexes have higher rates of community engagement and lower crime rates.’”

在分析中，識(shí)別其中的邏輯謬誤,，并提出反駁意見(jiàn),，可以幫助你提高寫(xiě)作能力。

三,、參考資源

為了更好地準(zhǔn)備GRE寫(xiě)作,，考生可以參考一些書(shū)籍和在線資源，如：

• ETS GRE Writing Resources
• Magoosh GRE Argument Essay Guide
• Khan Academy GRE Preparation

通過(guò)了解常見(jiàn)的邏輯謬誤并掌握相關(guān)的寫(xiě)作技巧,，你將能夠在GRE作文中更加自信地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),。祝你備考順利！??

Mastering GRE Argument Writing: Tips and Strategies

As a GRE test-taker, you may feel overwhelmed by the Argument writing section. However, with the right strategies and understanding, you can tackle this section effectively. Here are some tips to help you succeed! ??

Understanding the Argument Task

The Argument task presents you with a brief argument that you need to analyze. Your job is to critique the reasoning behind the argument rather than express your own opinion on the topic. Remember, you are evaluating the argument's logic, not agreeing or disagreeing with its conclusion.

Key Components of a Strong Response

• Clear Structure: Organize your essay into clear paragraphs. A typical structure includes an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
• Identify Assumptions: Look for underlying assumptions in the argument. Highlighting these will strengthen your critique.
• Use Evidence: Support your points with examples. This could be hypothetical situations or real-world references that illustrate your critique.
• Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge potential counterarguments to show depth in your analysis.

Practice Makes Perfect

To improve your writing skills, practice with various prompts. Here’s an example of a GRE Argument prompt:

Prompt: "The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper: 'The city should invest in public parks, as they will enhance the quality of life for residents and attract tourists.'"

When responding to this prompt, consider the following structure:

• Introduction: Briefly summarize the argument and state your thesis regarding its strengths and weaknesses.
• Body Paragraphs: Discuss specific assumptions made in the argument, such as the belief that parks directly correlate with quality of life or tourism. Provide evidence to support your claims.
• Conclusion: Summarize your main points and suggest ways the argument could be strengthened.

Time Management

During the GRE, managing your time is crucial. Aim to spend about 5 minutes planning your response, 25 minutes writing, and 5 minutes reviewing. Use a timer during practice sessions to simulate test conditions. ?

Useful Vocabulary

Incorporating varied vocabulary can enhance your writing. Here are some useful words and phrases:

• Assumption: A belief or statement taken for granted.
• Flaw: A mistake or weakness in reasoning.
• Counterargument: An argument opposing the main argument.
• Evidence: Information or data that supports a claim.

Feedback and Revision

After writing your practice essays, seek feedback. This could be from peers, tutors, or online resources. Revising based on feedback helps you identify areas for improvement. ??

Final Thoughts

Approaching the GRE Argument writing section with a clear strategy can make a significant difference. Focus on analyzing the argument critically, structuring your response well, and practicing regularly. With dedication and effort, you can excel in this section! Good luck! ??