GRE：ARGUMENT作文怎么寫才能拿高分,？常見邏輯錯誤和攻擊方法匯總,。在GRE考試中,，ARGUMENT作文是考生展示批判性思維的重要機會,。掌握常見的邏輯錯誤和有效的攻擊方法，可以幫助考生在寫作中更有針對性地分析論點,，從而獲得高分,。

模糊的用詞

在ARGUMENT題目中，諸如 “few”, “many”, “more”, “l(fā)ess”, 和 “some”等用詞常常出現(xiàn),。這些詞語雖然看似提供了數(shù)量信息，但實際上卻缺乏明確的定義,。如果論述依賴于這些模糊的表達來得出結(jié)論,，那么這個論點就可以成為攻擊的切入點。

不適當?shù)谋容^

在某些情況下,，論點可能會將事物A的特性直接應(yīng)用于事物B,，而忽略了兩者之間的差異。例如,，可能會看到將人類的肥胖原因直接套用到動物身上的論證,，這種不合理的比較顯然存在邏輯問題。

基礎(chǔ)知識的缺失

盡管GRE并不要求考生具備專業(yè)知識,，但了解一些基本概念依然是必要的,。常見主題如社會、文化,、經(jīng)濟和科技等領(lǐng)域的基本知識能夠幫助考生識別ARGUMENT中的邏輯漏洞,，從而進行有效反駁。

過度概括的推理

有時,，論點可能基于一個小樣本得出廣泛的結(jié)論,。這種以小見大的推理方式往往是不可靠的。例如,，從幾個個體的特征推導(dǎo)出整個群體的特性,，這種錯誤的歸納可以作為攻擊的重點。

極端觀點的使用

在許多情況下,，極端的表述如“must”或“undoubtedly”可能暗示論點的偏頗,。有效的ARGUMENT作文應(yīng)當展現(xiàn)全面的思考和均衡的觀點，因此極端的結(jié)論往往是最容易被攻擊的部分,。

對于GRE考生來說,，理解這些常見的邏輯錯誤和攻擊方法是提高ARGUMENT寫作能力的關(guān)鍵。通過練習和熟悉這些技巧,，考生能夠在寫作中游刃有余,，撰寫出高質(zhì)量的高分作文。

GRE：ARGUMENT作文怎么寫才能拿高分,？常見邏輯錯誤和攻擊方法匯總,。希望以上內(nèi)容能為考生在備考過程中提供指導(dǎo),，幫助大家在GRE考試中取得優(yōu)異成績。

Preparing for the GRE can be quite a journey, especially when it comes to the Argument essay. Understanding the GRE Argument Essay Scoring Criteria is essential for success. In this article, I will share insights and tips that can help you navigate this part of the GRE exam effectively. ??

1. Understanding the Task

The Argument essay requires you to critique an argument presented in a brief passage. You need to identify the flaws in the reasoning and provide a well-structured response. The key here is not to agree or disagree with the argument but to analyze its logical structure. ??

2. Scoring Criteria

Your essay will be evaluated based on several factors:

• Analysis of Argument: Did you effectively identify the main points and assumptions? Were the flaws clearly articulated? ??
• Organization: Is your essay well-structured with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion? ???
• Language Use: Are your sentences clear and varied? Did you use appropriate vocabulary? ??
• Grammar and Mechanics: Is your writing free of grammatical errors? Did you use proper punctuation? ??

3. Structure Your Essay

A typical structure for your Argument essay includes:

• Introduction: Briefly summarize the argument and state that it has flaws.
• Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph should focus on a specific flaw. Start with a topic sentence, provide evidence, and explain why it weakens the argument.
• Conclusion: Restate the main points and suggest how the argument could be strengthened. ??

4. Practice with Sample Prompts

Here’s a sample prompt to practice with:

"The following appeared in a memo from the president of a local college: 'In order to increase student enrollment, we should offer more online courses. Our surveys show that students prefer the flexibility of online learning over traditional classroom settings.'"

When responding, consider the assumptions made about student preferences and the effectiveness of online courses. How might this argument be improved? ??

5. Time Management

During the GRE, you have 30 minutes to write your Argument essay. It’s crucial to manage your time wisely. Spend the first 5 minutes planning your response. Allocate 20 minutes for writing, and leave 5 minutes for revising your work. ?

6. Review and Revise

Always leave time to review your essay. Look for any grammatical mistakes, awkward phrasing, or unclear arguments. A polished essay can make a significant difference in your score. ??

7. Resources for Practice

Utilize resources like the official GRE website, where you can find sample prompts and scoring guidelines. Additionally, consider joining study groups or forums where you can exchange feedback on practice essays. ??

8. Final Thoughts

Writing a strong Argument essay takes practice and understanding of the scoring criteria. Focus on analyzing arguments critically, structuring your essay logically, and refining your language skills. With consistent practice and attention to detail, you can improve your performance on this section of the GRE. Good luck! ??

在準備GRE考試的過程中,，寫作部分常常讓考生感到困惑,。尤其是在分析論證任務(wù)（Analyze an Argument）中，識別和解析邏輯謬誤是成功的關(guān)鍵,。本文將分享一些常見的邏輯謬誤,，并提供實用的建議，幫助你在GRE作文中更有效地表達觀點,。??

一,、常見邏輯謬誤

理解不同類型的邏輯謬誤有助于你在寫作時進行有效的分析。以下是幾種常見的邏輯謬誤：

1. 以偏概全（Hasty Generalization）

這種謬誤發(fā)生在當一個結(jié)論基于不充分或不代表性的樣本時,。例如,，如果某個城市的幾個居民對新政策持負面態(tài)度，就得出“所有市民都反對這項政策”的結(jié)論,。這種推理缺乏足夠的數(shù)據(jù)支持,，容易導(dǎo)致錯誤的判斷。在你的寫作中,，務(wù)必要指出這種推理的不足之處,，并提供更全面的視角。

2. 訴諸情感（Appeal to Emotion）

這一謬誤通過激發(fā)讀者的情感來支持論點,，而不是通過理性分析,。例如，一個廣告可能通過展示悲傷的場景來促使人們購買產(chǎn)品,，而不是提供產(chǎn)品的實際效用,。在GRE作文中，避免僅依賴情感來支持你的論點,，而應(yīng)使用邏輯和證據(jù)來增強說服力,。

3. 虛假的兩難（False Dilemma）

這種謬誤將復(fù)雜的問題簡化為兩個極端選項，忽略了其他可能的解決方案,。例如,，“要么你支持這個計劃，要么你就是在反對進步,?！痹趯懽鲿r，確保你考慮到各種可能性,，而不是僅僅將問題簡化為二分法,。

4. 循環(huán)論證（Circular Reasoning）

循環(huán)論證是指用結(jié)論來支持前提，形成一種邏輯上的閉環(huán)。例如,，“這個政策是好的,，因為它是有效的，而它的有效性正是因為它是好的,?！痹谀愕恼撟C中，避免這種結(jié)構(gòu),，確保每個論點都有獨立的支持,。

二、寫作技巧

在識別和分析這些邏輯謬誤時,，有一些實用的寫作技巧可以幫助你提升GRE作文的質(zhì)量：

1. 認真審題

在開始寫作之前,，仔細閱讀題目，理解其核心論點和假設(shè),。確保你在分析時針對這些要點，而不是偏離主題,。

2. 使用結(jié)構(gòu)化的論證

采用清晰的段落結(jié)構(gòu),，每個段落集中討論一個特定的邏輯謬誤或論點?？梢允褂靡韵驴蚣埽?/p>

• 引言：簡要介紹論點及其重要性,。
• 主體段落：逐一分析每個邏輯謬誤，提供例證與反駁,。
• 結(jié)論：總結(jié)分析結(jié)果,，提出可能的改進建議。

3. 多做練習

通過大量的寫作練習來熟悉不同類型的邏輯謬誤,?？梢詤⒖家恍〨RE寫作題目，例如：

“The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper: ‘The city of Springfield should invest in a new sports complex. Studies show that cities with sports complexes have higher rates of community engagement and lower crime rates.’”

在分析中,，識別其中的邏輯謬誤,，并提出反駁意見，可以幫助你提高寫作能力,。

三,、參考資源

為了更好地準備GRE寫作，考生可以參考一些書籍和在線資源,，如：

• ETS GRE Writing Resources
• Magoosh GRE Argument Essay Guide
• Khan Academy GRE Preparation

通過了解常見的邏輯謬誤并掌握相關(guān)的寫作技巧,，你將能夠在GRE作文中更加自信地表達自己的觀點。祝你備考順利,！??

Mastering GRE Argument Writing: Tips and Strategies

As a GRE test-taker, you may feel overwhelmed by the Argument writing section. However, with the right strategies and understanding, you can tackle this section effectively. Here are some tips to help you succeed! ??

Understanding the Argument Task

The Argument task presents you with a brief argument that you need to analyze. Your job is to critique the reasoning behind the argument rather than express your own opinion on the topic. Remember, you are evaluating the argument's logic, not agreeing or disagreeing with its conclusion.

Key Components of a Strong Response

• Clear Structure: Organize your essay into clear paragraphs. A typical structure includes an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
• Identify Assumptions: Look for underlying assumptions in the argument. Highlighting these will strengthen your critique.
• Use Evidence: Support your points with examples. This could be hypothetical situations or real-world references that illustrate your critique.
• Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge potential counterarguments to show depth in your analysis.

Practice Makes Perfect

To improve your writing skills, practice with various prompts. Here’s an example of a GRE Argument prompt:

Prompt: "The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper: 'The city should invest in public parks, as they will enhance the quality of life for residents and attract tourists.'"

When responding to this prompt, consider the following structure:

• Introduction: Briefly summarize the argument and state your thesis regarding its strengths and weaknesses.
• Body Paragraphs: Discuss specific assumptions made in the argument, such as the belief that parks directly correlate with quality of life or tourism. Provide evidence to support your claims.
• Conclusion: Summarize your main points and suggest ways the argument could be strengthened.

Time Management

During the GRE, managing your time is crucial. Aim to spend about 5 minutes planning your response, 25 minutes writing, and 5 minutes reviewing. Use a timer during practice sessions to simulate test conditions. ?

Useful Vocabulary

Incorporating varied vocabulary can enhance your writing. Here are some useful words and phrases:

• Assumption: A belief or statement taken for granted.
• Flaw: A mistake or weakness in reasoning.
• Counterargument: An argument opposing the main argument.
• Evidence: Information or data that supports a claim.

Feedback and Revision

After writing your practice essays, seek feedback. This could be from peers, tutors, or online resources. Revising based on feedback helps you identify areas for improvement. ??

Final Thoughts

Approaching the GRE Argument writing section with a clear strategy can make a significant difference. Focus on analyzing the argument critically, structuring your response well, and practicing regularly. With dedication and effort, you can excel in this section! Good luck! ??